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1.
    
External environmental factors play a significant role in the agricultural production of smallholder farmers. This is especially the case in developing countries where production is less technologically intensive. These factors are mainly exogenous and affect both the farmers’ input choices and the final output levels. However, previous studies of technical efficiency of smallholder agricultural production either ignore these factors or assume separability between environmental factors and input choice, which is often not the case in developing counties. Using data on smallholder farmers in Ethiopia, we relax this separability assumption and investigate the importance of external environmental factors in farmers’ performance and efficiency variation across regions. The empirical analysis is based on a non‐parametric conditional order‐m estimation method that relaxes some of the traditional strong assumptions in efficiency modeling and, more importantly, the separability between environmental factors and the choice of physical inputs. Using data from four major agricultural regions of Ethiopia, we show the extent that environmental factors contribute to the technical efficiency and the significance of environmental factors in farmers’ performance.  相似文献   

2.
    
In recent years, the traditionally pasture‐based dairy farms in New Zealand have become more intensive by using higher proportions of supplementary feed. This trend has been attributed to a range of factors, such as productivity enhancement, overcoming pasture deficits and the improvement of body condition scores. However, there is a lack of knowledge as to how feed use intensification affects the technical efficiency of dairy farms in New Zealand. This paper addresses the research gap by estimating the impact of feed use intensification on the technical efficiency of New Zealand dairy farms, using a fixed effects stochastic production frontier model and a balanced panel of 257 farms from 2010 to 2013. The empirical results show that technical efficiency on New Zealand dairy farms is positively and significantly influenced by feed use intensification, herd size and milking frequency.  相似文献   

3.
以福建省安溪县茶农问卷调查数据为基础,利用随机前沿生产函数模型估计样本茶农投资的技术效率,并分析技术效率的变化规律及其影响因素。研究表明,茶农从事茶叶生产加工的时间、茶农从事茶叶生产加工的时间的平方项、茶农户主的受教育年限这3个解释变量对于技术效率的影响不显著;而茶农户主年龄、茶农主栽品种、是否接受过培训、茶农茶叶收入占家庭总收入的比例、茶农家庭拥有的茶园面积、村庄所在地类型虚变量与技术效率呈现正相关的关系;茶农家庭拥有的茶园面积的平方项、地区差异则对技术效率产生负向影响。  相似文献   

4.
土地、环境等资源制约与农村劳动力日益短缺等问题都使得我国粮食安全更为棘手。突破目前土地生产率提高缓慢,劳动生产率水平普遍较低的局面,是保障我国粮食产业稳定健康发展的根本出路和必要前提。土地生产率的提高主要依靠生物化学型的要素投入,而劳动生产率的提高则需要农业机械化率水平的提高,所以两种类型的技术投入是影响粮食增产增收的根本来源。文章采取随机前沿生产函数超越对数面板模型,对2001~2011年的全国省级玉米生产的技术效率和非技术效率影响因素进行了测算和分析,并进一步通过面板数据的回归模型分析了技术效率与生物化学型及机械型技术投入之关系。结果表明:我国玉米生产总体技术效率水平较高,其中东南部地区要优于中西部地区;自然灾害、政策补贴及地域差异都会对非技术效率造成显著影响;生物化学型要素投入对生产的技术效率贡献突出,是当前以及未来玉米增产的主要手段。  相似文献   

5.
    
Multiple agricultural water management (AWM) technologies are being promoted worldwide in rainfed agro-ecological production systems, such as the Limpopo River Basin, to close the yield gap, enhance food security and reduce poverty, but evidences on yield gains and environmental impacts are varied. This paper conducts a review of the performance of AWM technologies against conventional farmer practices to produce adequate evidence on cereal yield and field runoff changes. With the interrogation of literature from 1980 to 2013 using seven AWM groupings, enough evidence was found that AWM technologies can deliver substantial benefits of increased crop yield and water productivity with reduced environmental impacts. Using random effects model, the standardized mean difference (SMD) of yield between AWM and control was 0.27, while SMD of water productivity was 0.46, indicating the effectiveness of the technologies (SMD?>?0). Subgroup analyses showed greatest yield responses on silty-clay-loam, clay-loam and sandy soils compared to clay and loam-sandy soils, and higher yield increase under low rainfall regime (200–500 mm) than under high rainfall regime (500–800 mm). Large yield change variations for different AWM technologies present a huge opportunity for meeting the existing yield gaps and enhancing coping capacity in dry years and under climate change.  相似文献   

6.
Variations in the efficiency of demersal trawlers operating in the English Channel were examined through the estimation of a stochastic frontier production function. The most important measurable factor affecting efficiency was the age of the vessel. However, unmeasurable factors accounted for about 65% of the variation in efficiency, and as much as 9% of the total variation in catches between boats. It is postulated that most of this variation was due to differences in skipper and crew skill. In contrast, "luck" accounted for around 11% of the variation in catches between boats.  相似文献   

7.
渔船作业效率及政策研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文使用随机前沿生产模型研究了沿海某市渔船的作业效率,结果显示:抽样渔船的平均作业效率只有33%;渔船出海频率过高和性能落后是导致其效率低下的主要原因;船员工资的增加则提高了生产效率。为了提高渔船作业效率,建议采取以下措施:保持和增加资源存量,进一步降低捕捞强度,提高渔船的准入门槛、进行技术扶持、引入外部资金以及帮助渔民转产转业等。  相似文献   

8.
利用铜川地区桃农调研数据,构建随机前沿生产函数模型,将社会资本各维度加入技术效率损失项,测算桃农生产技术效率水平,分析社会资本对桃农生产技术效率的影响。结果表明:桃农的平均生产技术效率为79.38%,存在着一定程度的技术无效率;在社会资本各维度中,关系网络,集体行动以及信息交流的改善能够显著提高桃农生产技术效率,而干群关系、信任与团结对桃农生产技术效率的影响未通过显著性检验。因此,改善桃农关系网络,集体行动,信息交流状况,是提高桃农生产技术效率的有效途径。  相似文献   

9.
    
The pig meat production plays a significant role in the Spanish agrofood system. The assessment of the efficiency performance with which farmers are operating is necessary to define adequate policy and management strategies. In this context, this study aimed to determine the technical efficiency (TE) performance of pig farms and to examine the key factors that may affect the production system in Spain. To do so, the analysis relies on the quantile stochastic frontier model using a sample of Spanish pig farms. Results show a significant difference between production frontier parameters across the selected quantiles, which support the relevance of using the quantile regression approach. The optimal quantile for the stochastic frontier indicates an average TE level of 75%. In addition, empirical findings suggest that pig farmers in Spain give more importance to the adoption of high technology to improve their economic and technical performance as well as their competitiveness at the European pig market.  相似文献   

10.
    
Deregulation of the Australian dairy industry, specifically the removal of price subsidies to ‘market milk’, as well as ongoing drought in many dairy regions, has placed considerable pressure on farm cash income and a search for ways in which dairy farms can be made to operate more efficiently. Using traditional farm survey data and a unique biannual data set on farm technology use, this paper estimates a stochastic production frontier and technical efficiency model for dairy farms in New South Wales and Victoria, determining the relative importance of each input in dairy production, the effects of key technology variables on farm efficiency, and overall farm profiles based on the efficiency rankings of dairy producers. Results show that production exhibits constant returns to scale and although feed concentration and the number of cows milked at peak season matter, the key determinants of differences in dairy farm efficiency are the type of dairy shed used and the proportion of irrigated farm area. Overall farm profiles indicate that those in the ‘high efficiency group’ largely employ either rotary or swing‐over dairy shed technology and have almost three times the proportional amount of land under irrigation.  相似文献   

11.
    
We examine the productivity of fertilizer used on maize in Central Malawi using field-level panel data from over 1,200 observations on more than 500 fields over 4 harvest years. There are several novel aspects of this analysis compared to other on-farm fertilizer efficiency studies, including (a) precise and accurate yield measurement using crop cuts, (b) estimating the impact of timely weeding, (c) the use of data on multiple soil characteristics from a panel of soil samples, and (d) the ability to control for field-level fixed effects by tracking the same land over time. We find critical ecological and management threshold effects on fertilizer effectiveness at 0.94% soil carbon content, 57–58% sandiness, and weeding within 4 weeks of planting. Overall, we estimate lower yield response to fertilizer than reported in earlier studies: 2.6 maize kg/N kg under ideal circumstances, and statistically nil under many other conditions. We discuss the implications of our findings for farmers, policymakers, and researchers.  相似文献   

12.
辽宁省粮食生产技术效率分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
该文利用1994~2009年省粮食生产相关数据,采用超越对数随机前沿生产函数模型,对辽宁省粮食生产技术效率变化和影响因素进行分析。结果表明,辽宁省粮食生产技术效率总体上还有待进一步提高的潜力,而加强农田灌溉设施和提高农机装备水平、提升农技服务、继续加大粮食生产补贴政策以及加强防灾减灾能力建设是提高粮食生产技术有效性的重要政策取向。  相似文献   

13.
文章运用随机前沿生产函数估计了林业生产投入要素劳动力和资本的产出弹性,测量了各省区2002~2009年的林业技术效率,并分析了林业技术效率的影响因素。结果表明:林业产业存在明显的技术效率损失,随机前沿生产函数的误差主要是由技术非效率引起;林业产业劳动力和资本的产出弹性分别为0.58和0.47,林业生产仍处于规模报酬递增阶段。总体上,各省区林业技术效率水平相差不大,且林业的平均技术效率水平呈现缓慢上升的趋势;森林病虫鼠害的发生率显著降低了林业技术效率,而基层林业工作站人员文化水平的提高能有效的改善林业生产的技术效率。  相似文献   

14.
农户可持续生计对实施乡村振兴战略意义重大。基于可持续生计框架,提出旅游生计效率的概念及理论模型,构建生计资本的投入指标(旅游用地面积、旅游资金投入及劳动力投入)和以家庭旅游年收入为主的生计产出指标,采用随机前沿模型计算了广东省丹霞山128个农户的旅游生计效率。结果表明,农户旅游生计效率总体水平较高,均值为0.7485,旅游对提升农户生计效率作用显著。旅游用地、资金及劳动力的投入具有边际递减效应,农户需合理配置投入要素才能有效提高生计效率。家庭区位条件、教育水平、人情开支、旅游技能以及旅游生计方式数量对旅游生计效率有正向影响。  相似文献   

15.
随着我国工业化与城镇化加速推进,农村领域大量劳动力以不同速度流向了非农产业,农村劳动力要素禀赋质量发生了巨大变化,农村劳动力要素禀赋质量的异质性对规模农户粮食生产效率的提高产生了深刻的影响。文章基于460户调查数据,运用Q型聚类方法将劳动力质量类型分为男性经验丰富型、女性经验丰富型、男性经验欠缺型、女性经验欠缺型四种类型,并利用随机前沿生产函数模型,计量检验了不同劳动力质量类型、劳动态度及劳动力市场发育等变量对家庭生产效率的影响。研究结果表明:男性经验丰富型与女性经验丰富型对家庭经济增长效率提升产生了显著的正效应,效应值分别为0.290、0.170,而男性经验欠缺型与女性经验欠缺型对生产效率提升产生了明显的负向影响,效应值分别为-0.110、-0.153,劳动态度、劳动力市场发育变量与家庭生产效率提升呈现了较强正、负相关性,效应值分别为0.590、-6.738。  相似文献   

16.
This article determines the relative technical efficiency of rural- and urban-influenced crop/livestock enterprises in the Corn Belt. Farmers in urban-influenced locations are less technically efficient than farmers in rural locations. During 1998–2000, stochastic production frontier procedures indicate that a 10% increase in urban influence leads to a close to 4% decrease in technical efficiency. The most successful urban-influenced farms have controlled costs as effectively as rural farms. They have tended to de-emphasize that nondairy livestock activities—particularly beef and hogs—do not rely extensively on off-farm income, and have relatively large, less residential/lifestyle operations compared to less successful urban-influenced farmers. However, our statistical analysis clearly bears out the refrain in popular literature that urban proximity raises the cost for, and decreases the viability of, traditional farms.  相似文献   

17.
[目的]通过实证分析2017年吉林、河北和四川3个玉米主产省份的玉米生产成本效率,及其与生产要素的相关性,为提高玉米生产成本效率,降低生产成本,研究提出有效的政策建议。[方法]文章采用2017年吉林、河北和四川3省的玉米生产投入情况的调研数据,运用数据包络分析法测算3省的玉米生产成本效率,通过最小二乘法测度要素投入与成本效率的相关性。[结果]吉林省(070)的成本效率远高于河北(039)和四川(035),3省的种子、化肥和机械投入对成本效率的影响存在较大地区差异。河北省和四川省的劳动力对成本效率的影响较大,吉林省的土地机会成本对成本效率的影响较大。[结论]建议调整种植结构,改善种植方式,整合资源,以增强农业生产能力。  相似文献   

18.
This article tests the relationships among formalised property rights, land tenure contracts and productive efficiency in farming. Using four rounds of panel data from 230 rice farms in the Philippines, we measure the effects of land tenure arrangements on farm efficiency using a stochastic production frontier model. We test for the allocative efficiency of observed land rental markets. We also test how land tenure security affects farmers' investment decisions. Results suggest that, despite the presence of formalised titles, the rental market remains inefficient at allocating land. In contrast, the unformalised tenure contracts used by farmers appear to provide tenure security.  相似文献   

19.
    
This paper examines the effects of the institutional environment on West African cotton farmers’ technical efficiency (TE). First, key aspects of the cotton sector institutional environment are discussed, including input and credit access, and producers’ organisations. Then, a stochastic frontier production function, which incorporates technical inefficiency effects, is applied to farm level data collected in Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali. The survey includes farmers’ evaluations of the cotton sector institutional environment. Results suggest that institutional level features influence producers’ TE, besides farm‐level characteristics. Cotton growers who report a negative experience with the joint liability programme, who identify the cotton price mechanism or access to credit as the main constraints to performance, and who cultivate more hectares of cereals are technically more inefficient in producing cotton. Findings suggest that cotton farmers in Mali are less technically efficient in producing cotton than in Burkina Faso and Benin. Agricultural development policies focusing on reducing farmers’ financial stress, particularly through the establishment of adequate price mechanisms (i.e. higher farm‐gate prices and timely payments to farmers) and improvement in the input–credit markets should be encouraged to improve TE in West Africa.  相似文献   

20.
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