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1.
[目的]新型农业经营主体是推动农业现代化发展的重要力量,研究其生产效率及变化趋势、分析比较不同类型新型农业经营主体的效率对于推进农业高质量发展、促进乡村振兴具有重要意义。[方法]文章聚焦水产养殖领域,基于2018—2021年全国429个养殖生产新型农业经营主体样本面板数据,采用随机前沿生产函数分析了全要素生产率(TFP),并分解其驱动因素。采用共同随机前沿模型比较分析了龙头企业、农民专业合作社和家庭农场3类新型农业经营主体模式的生产技术效率。[结果](1)增加物质资料、劳动力、固定资产等方面的投入对产出增长有显著促进作用,但增加服务投入并未显著促进产出。(2)TFP增长的动力来源是技术进步,规模报酬率的贡献不大,而技术效率和配置效率的下降对TFP增长起到阻碍作用。(3)龙头企业、合作社、家庭农场3类新型农业经营主体的技术效率各有特点,以群组前沿面为基准时家庭农场的技术效率最高,以共同前沿面为基准时合作社的技术效率最高,以技术差距比表征的技术水平衡量,则龙头企业技术水平最高。[结论]建议加强科技投入,提升技术效率,优化成本投入结构,加强各类新型农业经营主体的联合与合作。  相似文献   

2.
中国林业投入资金利用效率研究——基于Dea-Malmquist指数   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王艳花  韩伟 《林业经济》2012,(8):95-100
以1998~2010年我国30个省面板数据为基础,对我国林业系统资金利用效率定量测算和分解。结果表明,全要素生产率(TFP)对我国林业系统产业总产值、在岗职工年均工资、造林面积等产出指标贡献度为负值,说明我国资金投入没有达到有效推进林业发展的目标。TFP分解后,技术进步落后是资金利用效率较低的重要诱因。就四大经济区而言,TFP指数与各区域技术进步水平一致,林业投入资金效率高低依次为东部地区、东北地区、西部地区、中部地区。  相似文献   

3.
    
The effect of subsidies on the performance of farms has received a great deal of attention in the literature, although results are inconclusive. Furthermore, much of the related literature examines the effect of subsidies only on technical efficiency (TE). We examine the effect of different types of subsidies on the different components of total factor productivity (TFP) in Slovenian agriculture over the period 2006–2013. We first estimate a Random Parameter Stochastic production frontier model. Then, based on the estimates of this model, we calculate and decompose the TFP index into TE, scale efficiency and technological change. Third, we apply combined difference-in-difference and a matching estimator to examine the effect of investment, less favoured area (LFA) and agri-environmental (AE) subsidies on the different components of TFP. In our case, these subsidies are found to have no significant effect on either TFP or on its components.  相似文献   

4.
5.
Variations in the efficiency of demersal trawlers operating in the English Channel were examined through the estimation of a stochastic frontier production function. The most important measurable factor affecting efficiency was the age of the vessel. However, unmeasurable factors accounted for about 65% of the variation in efficiency, and as much as 9% of the total variation in catches between boats. It is postulated that most of this variation was due to differences in skipper and crew skill. In contrast, "luck" accounted for around 11% of the variation in catches between boats.  相似文献   

6.
研究目的:测度土地资源错配的全要素生产率损失效应,分析土地资源错配的形成机制。研究方法:扩展的HK模型、面板计量模型。研究结果:(1)全国层面上,资源错配的全要素生产率损失效应平均值为19.03%且呈上升趋势。区域层面上,损失效应大小排序为西部、东部、东北、中部。(2)全国层面上,资源错配导致全要素生产率损失的主要症结在于土地资源错配。区域层面上,东部、中部地区的主要症结在于土地资源错配,西部、东北地区的主要症结在于资本错配。(3)全国层面上,机制障碍、数量结构均为土地资源错配的重要成因。区域层面上,土地资源错配的成因具有一定差异。研究结论:着力推动财税与政绩考核制度改革,调整基于地区、城市双重偏向的土地供给政策,有利于从机制障碍、数量结构两个维度化解土地资源错配,促进全要素生产率的提升。  相似文献   

7.
    
Quebec's hog industry is supported by a revenue insurance program that guarantees a minimum price, but it also faces strict environmental constraints. Under price volatility, risk-averse farms may contract their output enough to produce under increasing returns. We show that the subsidy and downside risk reduction effects of the revenue insurance program tend to stimulate output and increase the likelihood of production under increasing returns. Environmental constraints that raise the cost of manure management and limit areas under cultivation also increase the likelihood of decreasing returns. Scale efficiency and technical efficiency measures are obtained through a parametric decomposition of total factor productivity (TFP) obtained from the estimation of an output distance function. As in hog studies pertaining to other countries, we found a TFP average annual growth of 5.2% between 2004 and 2012. Scale efficiency is much lower than in other countries, as per our prior about the program's distortions and environmental constraints. Integrating annual TFP gains into the setting of the minimum guaranteed price could reduce program costs by $12 million per year. About $70–80 million per year could be saved by investing in extension activities that would bring increase the level of technical efficiency of inefficient farms to the provincial average. A metatechnology frontier approach allowing for an endogenous input was also implemented to assess the robustness of the scale efficiency results.  相似文献   

8.
土地、环境等资源制约与农村劳动力日益短缺等问题都使得我国粮食安全更为棘手。突破目前土地生产率提高缓慢,劳动生产率水平普遍较低的局面,是保障我国粮食产业稳定健康发展的根本出路和必要前提。土地生产率的提高主要依靠生物化学型的要素投入,而劳动生产率的提高则需要农业机械化率水平的提高,所以两种类型的技术投入是影响粮食增产增收的根本来源。文章采取随机前沿生产函数超越对数面板模型,对2001~2011年的全国省级玉米生产的技术效率和非技术效率影响因素进行了测算和分析,并进一步通过面板数据的回归模型分析了技术效率与生物化学型及机械型技术投入之关系。结果表明:我国玉米生产总体技术效率水平较高,其中东南部地区要优于中西部地区;自然灾害、政策补贴及地域差异都会对非技术效率造成显著影响;生物化学型要素投入对生产的技术效率贡献突出,是当前以及未来玉米增产的主要手段。  相似文献   

9.
渔船作业效率及政策研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文使用随机前沿生产模型研究了沿海某市渔船的作业效率,结果显示:抽样渔船的平均作业效率只有33%;渔船出海频率过高和性能落后是导致其效率低下的主要原因;船员工资的增加则提高了生产效率。为了提高渔船作业效率,建议采取以下措施:保持和增加资源存量,进一步降低捕捞强度,提高渔船的准入门槛、进行技术扶持、引入外部资金以及帮助渔民转产转业等。  相似文献   

10.
基于Malmquist指数法和乘积完备的Hicks-Moorsteen指数法对农业TFP增长进行测度,并将TFP分解为技术进步和效率变化。结果表明:19792011年间中国农业TFP年均增长率为2.1%2011年间中国农业TFP年均增长率为2.1%2.7%,其中技术进步年均增长3.0%2.7%,其中技术进步年均增长3.0%3.6%,混合规模效率年均增长0.6%。因此,在农业投入产出过程中应重视农业生产结构以及规模方面的调整和优化。  相似文献   

11.
[目的]马铃薯主粮化已成为我国第四次主粮革命的新趋势,我国马铃薯产业具有良好的产能基础,种植面积和总产量均居全球第一,但单产低于世界平均水平,且产业发展面临诸如加工能力低、经营模式落后、产业布局不合理的现实问题,为实现我国主粮多元化需要加快马铃薯产业转型升级。[方法]文章运用DEA-Malmquist指数测度2011—2016年我国马铃薯16个主产区的生产效率和全要素生产率水平,利用Moran's I分析全要素生产率变化的空间自相关性及动态变化。[结果]马铃薯产业整体技术效率偏低且区域发展水平不均衡;逐渐从技术进步转变到更加注重提高技术效率且主导因素存在区域性差异;形成了自成一体的\"新区\"、南北连通的\"西区\"和强强联手的\"北区\"三大集聚区。[结论]马铃薯产业区域性明显,打破地理界线跨地区发展是未来产业发展的方向,最后从技术效率提升、区域产业布局、市场对接等方面对我国马铃薯产业优化调整提出了对策建议。  相似文献   

12.
    
The pig meat production plays a significant role in the Spanish agrofood system. The assessment of the efficiency performance with which farmers are operating is necessary to define adequate policy and management strategies. In this context, this study aimed to determine the technical efficiency (TE) performance of pig farms and to examine the key factors that may affect the production system in Spain. To do so, the analysis relies on the quantile stochastic frontier model using a sample of Spanish pig farms. Results show a significant difference between production frontier parameters across the selected quantiles, which support the relevance of using the quantile regression approach. The optimal quantile for the stochastic frontier indicates an average TE level of 75%. In addition, empirical findings suggest that pig farmers in Spain give more importance to the adoption of high technology to improve their economic and technical performance as well as their competitiveness at the European pig market.  相似文献   

13.
    
We investigate relative productivity levels and decompose productivity change for European agriculture between 2004 and 2013. Specifically (i) we contribute to the debate on whether agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP) has declined or not in the European Union (EU); (ii) we compare the relative TFP level across EU Member States and investigate the difference between ‘old’ Member States (OMS, i.e. the EU‐15) and ‘new’ Member States (NMS); and (iii) we test whether TFP is converging or not among Member States. The empirical analysis applies an aggregate quantity framework to country‐level panel data from the Economic Accounts for Agriculture for 23 EU Member States. The results imply that TFP has slightly decreased in the EU over the analysed period; however there are significant differences between the OMS and NMS and across Member States. Finally, our estimates suggest that productivity is generally converging over this period, albeit slowly.  相似文献   

14.
[目的]通过测算水禽全要素生产率(TFP)来评估水禽的投入产出效率,同时分别对比各养殖区域之间TFP的增长率及贡献的差异。[方法]文章依托全国22个省、(市、自治区)水禽投入产出数据,基于索洛残差法和DEA-Malmquist指数法分别从水禽TFP指数、TFP增长率和TFP贡献率3个角度展开分析。[结果](1)全国水禽TFP均值为1.352,大多数地区的水禽TFP指数均大于1,山东省的技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率均为全国第一;(2)全国水禽TFP增长率平均值为0.19,水禽TFP贡献率平均值为120%,TFP贡献率和增长率较上一年都有所提升;(3)区域差异比较后发现,西南地区的水禽TFP指数、TFP增长率和水禽TFP贡献率的均值最大,而华中地区的3个指标均值均为全国最小,水禽的TFP区域特征呈现出“北向南移”趋势。[结论]技术进步对水禽产业发展作出了很大的贡献,说明水禽产业需要进一步加强新技术投入;突发事件一定程度上刺激了水禽产量的增长,说明不仅要预防突发事件,而且要不断挖掘突发事件后的边际效应;水禽TFP区域差异显著,要求结合区域特征分析后因地制宜施策,最终提升水禽生产要素投入效率...  相似文献   

15.
为评估长江三角洲地区水资源可持续利用的可行性,首先利用Shephard水距离函数构造全要素水资源利用效率指标,采用随机前沿分析(SFA)技术计算该指标,并利用ARCGIS软件对长江三角洲地区26个城市的全要素水资源利用效率进行可视化评价。然后采用探索性空间数据分析法对全要素水资源利用效率在2006—2015年间的空间变化特征与规律进行初步探索。研究结果表明,长江三角洲地区的全要素水资源利用效率在研究期间呈上升趋势;全要素水资源利用效率的空间分布呈现出相似的特征,存在空间集聚。  相似文献   

16.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper presents an alternative approach to the measurement of technical change. It is based on the latent variable level of technology that enters explicitly the input demand system and on a hypothesis about the innovation generating process. By adding measurement error equations, the behavioral system can be viewed as a Multiple Indicators/Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model. The parameter estimates are obtained with a maximum likelihood estimator which involves the implicit covariance matrix. The analysis refers to Italian agriculture and the results provide some evidence on the nature and level of technical change during the years 1961–1991.  相似文献   

17.
Within an output distance function framework, the Total Factor Productivity growth index is decomposed into four components (technical change, technical and allocative efficiency, and scale component). We estimate stochastic translog output distance functions using panel data from dairy farms over the period 1991–94 for three European countries (Germany, the Netherlands, and Poland). Results indicate that the change in the productivity growth index in Germany (+6%) and Poland (−5%) are mainly dictated by the technical change component. In contrast, the productivity growth index in the Netherlands (+3%) is influenced by allocative efficiency components.  相似文献   

18.
以福建省安溪县茶农问卷调查数据为基础,利用随机前沿生产函数模型估计样本茶农投资的技术效率,并分析技术效率的变化规律及其影响因素。研究表明,茶农从事茶叶生产加工的时间、茶农从事茶叶生产加工的时间的平方项、茶农户主的受教育年限这3个解释变量对于技术效率的影响不显著;而茶农户主年龄、茶农主栽品种、是否接受过培训、茶农茶叶收入占家庭总收入的比例、茶农家庭拥有的茶园面积、村庄所在地类型虚变量与技术效率呈现正相关的关系;茶农家庭拥有的茶园面积的平方项、地区差异则对技术效率产生负向影响。  相似文献   

19.
文章运用随机前沿生产函数估计了林业生产投入要素劳动力和资本的产出弹性,测量了各省区2002~2009年的林业技术效率,并分析了林业技术效率的影响因素。结果表明:林业产业存在明显的技术效率损失,随机前沿生产函数的误差主要是由技术非效率引起;林业产业劳动力和资本的产出弹性分别为0.58和0.47,林业生产仍处于规模报酬递增阶段。总体上,各省区林业技术效率水平相差不大,且林业的平均技术效率水平呈现缓慢上升的趋势;森林病虫鼠害的发生率显著降低了林业技术效率,而基层林业工作站人员文化水平的提高能有效的改善林业生产的技术效率。  相似文献   

20.
作为评价农业经济单位经济运行效率高低与质量优劣的重要指标,农业全要素生产率的高低直接影响一个地区的农业竞争力。选取甘肃省14市(州)面板数据,采用基于DEA的Malmquist指数法测算了1991~2012年农业全要素生产率。结果表明:1991~2012年间,甘肃农业全要素生产率平均增长1.3%,其中,技术效率年均增长率0.7%,技术进步年均增长率0.6%,农业全要素生产率贡献了甘肃农业年均增长率的22.61%。表明此时期农业技术进步与技术效率增进对甘肃农业全要素生产率增长均有正向促进作用,农业增长的主要动力仍然是各类要素的投入,农业增长与发展的动力还远未从投入为主转变为全要素生产率的进步为主。另外,甘肃农业全要素生产率增长存在阶段波动与区域不均衡现象。农业全要素生产率测算分析表明,如何提高甘肃农业全要素生产率、转变农业增长方式,应在加强农业科技创新、加大科技推广力度、不断提高农业部门管理效率与资源配置效率的同时,通过积极培育新型农业经营主体、推进农业适当规模经营来逐步改善农业生产规模效率。  相似文献   

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