共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Xi He 《Agricultural Economics》2020,51(4):609-621
This study empirically investigates the impact of US agricultural exports on farm and nonfarm employment and tests how individuals adjust to agricultural export shocks. Based on the data from 1991 to 2017 and a Bartik-style instrument that exploits cross-regional variation in agricultural export exposure stemming from initial differences in agricultural specialization and temporal variation in predicted US exports from exogenous tariff reductions, we find that a 1% increase in agricultural exports increases farm employment by 0.302% and has no statistically significant impact on nonfarm employment. The individual-level analysis shows that, in response to positive agricultural export demand shocks, natives with a college degree are more likely to become self-employed and start farm activities and while non-natives without a college degree are more likely to become hired farmworkers. A back-of-the-envelope calculation based on the estimates of agricultural trade elasticities of employment shows that on balance, job gains due to US agricultural exports are slightly larger than job loss due to agricultural imports, resulting in a net gain of around 0.24 million farm jobs over 1991–2017. 相似文献
2.
This study distinguishes two nonseparable agricultural household models for a self-employed farm household. One assumes heterogeneity of farm and nonfarm labor and a competitive market for nonfarm labor. The other assumes homogeneity of the two types of labor and a restricted market for nonfarm labor. We compare demand systems that are derived from them, which have different dependent variables and different numbers of equations. We apply a Cox-type test to compare these complicated nonnested systems. Results show clearly that the former is better for Japanese rice-farming households. Comparison of price elasticities for those models verifies the importance of that test. 相似文献
3.
In this article, we estimate a rural household model that allows specific tastes for working on-farm and can fit the data as well as the general model of Lopez . We use two samples that are matched by individual characteristics and adopt the method for matched surveys proposed by Arellano and Meghir . We replicate using French data, the empirical finding of Elhorst who reports evidence that implicit wages of on-farm family labor are significantly below off-farm wages. We then provide estimates of the lower bounds for preferences for on-farm work for males and females which are significant and positive. 相似文献
4.
Kazi Iqbal Md Nahid Ferdous Pabon Md Wahid Ferdous Ibon 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2023,67(3):364-387
This study uncovers some important stylised facts about the structural changes in the rural nonfarm (RNF) economy in Bangladesh for the period 2000–2016 and identifies some broad determinants. Our work uses household-level, secondary sources such as Household Income and Expenditure Survey, Labour Force Survey and Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey. We find that the positive relationship between landownership and rural income has become weaker in recent years, indicating the increasing role of nonland inputs in generating rural income. The share of RNF income in total rural income has increased substantially over the years. The increase in nonfarm income is largely driven by the nonfarm wage income of the richer households, indicating adverse distributional consequences. There are also indications for specialisation in nonfarm activities—the share of income from the ‘mixed’ sources of farm and nonfarm has decreased, and the ‘only nonfarm’ source has increased. Households tend to move away from agriculture and specialise in RNF occupations as the education level increases. Our results offer important insights into rural development strategies and contribute to the broader questions of the development discourse on the structural changes in developing countries. 相似文献
5.
This study investigates the impact of the land rental market on labor productivity in rural China. Particular attention is given to farm and nonfarm labor productivity. Using 2012 household‐level data and a multinomial endogenous switching treatment regression technique, we find that rural households renting in farmland increased labor productivity in the farm sector by about 55%, whereas labor productivity in the nonfarm sector decreased by about 6%. We also find that rural households renting out farmland had lower labor productivity in both the farm and nonfarm sectors by 13% and 9%, respectively. More family labor transferred from the farm to the nonfarm sector after renting out land. 相似文献
6.
This study quantitatively examines the effects of land fragmentation and non-agricultural labor supply on the circulation of agricultural land management rights. The examination is conducted from the perspective of labor heterogeneity and family joint decision-making, using the rural fixed observation point data from the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. The results reveal that land fragmentation significantly affects circulation decisions of agricultural land circulation. Land fragmentation strengthens the effect of non-agricultural labor supply on agricultural land outflow, and this effect is more pronounced among females. Compared with males, the female non-agricultural labor supply has a greater effect on agricultural land circulation. When non-agricultural labor supply increases, the effect of the female non-agricultural labor supply on agricultural land circulation becomes significant, land outflows increase, and land inflows decrease. In the areas of eastern, central, and northeastern China, the female non-agricultural labor supply has a significant impact on agricultural land outflow. Furthermore, the number of land plots strengthens the effect of the non-agricultural labor supply on the outflows of agricultural land in eastern and northeastern China; this effect is more pronounced for females in northeastern China. The government and related departments should strengthen non-agricultural employment training, and design conditions and policies to promote the orderly transfer of household labor, thus achieving intense agricultural development in the process of human urbanization. 相似文献
7.
We develop a household model wherein farmers allocate labor to maximize utility from leisure, consumption, and nonpecuniary benefits from farming. The model shows that farmers with decreasing marginal utility of income respond to higher decoupled payments by decreasing off-farm labor and increasing farm labor, resulting in greater agricultural output. We then estimate the difference between farm and off-farm returns to labor using data from three nationally representative farm household surveys. The finding of a large on-farm/off-farm wage differential provides compelling evidence of substantial nonpecuniary benefits from farming. 相似文献
8.
王玮 《中国农业资源与区划》2016,37(7):182-185
随着湖北省城镇化进程加快,大量农村劳动力转移影响了农村经济的稳定可持续发展。文章对湖北省农村劳动力现状及劳动力转移特点进行分析发现,农村劳动力转移具有青壮年居多、大多为初中文化程度和主要流向省外的特点。该文进而研究了湖北省农村劳动力转移对农业生产率的影响,结果表明,由于生产技术的不断提高,湖北省农村劳动力转移总体上并未对农业生产率产生严重的负面影响,并针对湖北省农村劳动力现状,从提高农村劳动力自身素质、加大资本投入及通过高科技提高自然资源使用率等方面提出建议,以保障湖北省农业生产率的提高。 相似文献
9.
赵亮 《中国农业资源与区划》2016,37(1):151-154
我国是一个农业大国,农村问题是我国经济社会发展的核心问题之一。自古以来,中国一直以农业为国本,几千年来中国创造了高度发达的农业文明,也形成了有明显农业文明特色的文化体系。而近代我国农业逐渐从农业文明向工业文明的方向发展,农业经济随之向市场化与城市化的方向发展。在城市化的进程中,农业生产结构调整及发展方向成为当前最值得探究的问题。文章从分析城市化的人口集中、经济活动聚集、社会经济结构巨变等发展特点出发,探讨了城市化对于农业发展的影响,并提出了扩大农业经营规模、加强农业生产与市场的联系、提高农业机械化程度、科学制定土地流转政策等建议,以期为城市化背景下的调整农业生产结构提供借鉴。 相似文献
10.
近些年“民工荒”现象在我国愈演愈烈,特别是在经济发达省份大量的企业员工短缺。随着一轮 又一轮的“加薪潮”,劳动力短缺的现象仍然不见明显缓解。通过交易成本理论不难看出,农业剩余劳动 力转移的不足很大程度上源于劳动力市场交易成本的逐年提升。由于非农劳动力市场交易成本的增加使得 非农劳动的纯收益过低,与此同时,农业劳动收益相对提升,这使得越来越多的农民选择在家从事农业劳 动。只有有效的降低劳动力市场的交易成本,提高农业剩余劳动力从事非农劳动的纯收益,才能有效地保 证农业剩余劳动力的正常流动,从而实现我国经济的平稳持续增长。 相似文献
11.
[目的]在我国农民工劳动力供给紧张和农村劳动力短缺的背景下,养老保障对农民劳动供给的影响是一个值得关注的问题,通过运用\"中国健康与养老追踪调査\"(CHARLS)调研数据分析养老保障对农民群体劳动供给时间的影响。[方法]根据2013年CHARLS数据,运用Tobit模型研究分析了我国农村养老保障对农民群体每周和每年劳动供给时间的影响。[结果]养老保障可以降低农民每周的劳动时间,但对全年的总劳动时间影响不显著。其中:(1)根据年龄,养老保障可以降低老年农民的劳动时间,对中青年农民的影响不显著;(2)根据性别,养老保障可以降低男性农民的劳动时间,对女性农民的影响不显著。[结论]养老保障减少农民每周的劳动时间,降低了农民劳动的时间密集度,尤其对老年农民的短期劳动供给影响非常明显。众所周知为了促进我国经济更有效率地发展,关键要提高农民劳动的供给结构和效率而不仅仅增加供给时间。养老保障减轻了农民的心理负担,理性的农民会降低劳动时间或者将劳动平均分配到更长的时间段进而改善健康。出于改善农民生活和提高幸福指数的角度考虑,建议加强农村社会保障的建设,减轻农民劳作负担。 相似文献
12.
[目的]文章对农产品供应链协同管理在我国以往的研究进展进行综述,分析出当前研究中可能存在的不足,探讨该领域未来可能的研究发展方向,以期丰富我国农产品供应链协同领域的研究。[方法]该文应用比较分析法和归纳分析法,从农产品供应链协同与食品质量安全、协同的影响因素、协同中的收益分配问题和协同中信息技术的应用4个方面对该领域的研究进行综述与讨论。[结果]农产品供应链协同管理研究初期主要为理论探讨和定性的分析,现阶段以定量研究方法为主,目前该领域的研究中存在研究方法运用单一化、研究主体简单化和信息技术应用研究不足等问题。[结论]该文研究认为未来我国农产品供应链协同管理可能的研究方向为:(1)绿色可持续农产品供应链协同研究;(2)农产品供应链协同中信息技术应用研究:(3)农产品供应链协同研究主体多样化的发展趋势。 相似文献
13.
A rather unique panel tracking more than 3,300 individuals from households in rural Kagera, Tanzania, during 1991/1994–2010 shows that about one out of two individuals/households who exited poverty did so by transitioning out of agriculture into the rural nonfarm economy or secondary towns. Only one out of seven exited poverty by migrating to the big cities, even though those moving to the city experienced on average faster consumption growth. Further analysis of a much larger cross‐country panel of 51 developing countries cannot reject that rural diversification and secondary town development lead to more inclusive growth patterns than metropolitization. Indications are that this follows because more of the poor find their way to the rural nonfarm economy and secondary towns, than to distant cities. The development discourse would benefit from shifting beyond the rural–urban dichotomy and focusing more instead on how best to urbanize and develop its rural nonfarm economy and secondary towns. 相似文献
14.
黄泽群 《中国农业资源与区划》2018,39(9):183-189
[目的]在我国实施农业供给侧结构改革的大背景下,分析我国主要农产品玉米、大豆、水稻供需及成本收益现状,以把握农业供给侧结构性改革的成效及存在问题,为推进农业供给侧结构性改革及实现农业供需平衡、保证农民受益具有重要意义。[方法]将影响农业经济增长的因素分为市场需求与市场供给两部分,而市场需求包括国内需求和国外需求,市场供给则只指国内供给。分别采集我国玉米、大豆、水稻这3种典型农产品的国内市场需求、国外市场需求和国内市场供给3部分数据,并将市场需求与市场供给数据进行对比,由此分析我国农业供给侧农产品供需现状及存在的问题,指出我国农业供给侧结构性改革发展方向。[结果](1)我国农产品仍面临着供需不平衡、农民成本收益率低、农产品价格高导致国际市场竞争力低等问题,农业供给侧结构性改革是国家的重大战略,我国通过降低农作物播种面积来降低产能最终实现农产品供需平衡效果微乎其微; (2)我国的农产品产能是相对过剩,并非绝对过剩; (3)我国农产品市场供给一端的要素没有得到有效调节,使农产品生产成本过高,是导致农产品缺少市场竞争力的主要因素。[结论]积极拓宽农产品国外销售市场来增加农产品需求渠道,调节农产品国内市场供给要素,降低农产品生产成本,提高农产品生产质量,增加我国农产品竞争力,是我国通过农业供给侧结构性改革实现农产品供需平衡的必然之路。 相似文献
15.
The reaction of labor markets to economic reforms is an important indicator of the progress of transition. Because of diminished government support and the breakup of state and collective enterprises, labor market adjustments in the transition economies have been particularly severe in the agricultural sector. This article evaluates the off-farm labor market for a sample of agrarian households in transition Bulgaria. We give particular attention to the distributional assumptions that underlie standard approaches to the evaluation of labor supply. A variety of specification tests are considered and support for standard maximum likelihood estimates which rely on normality as a maintained hypothesis is mixed. Alternative semiparametric (distribution-free) estimators are also considered. The empirical results indicate that, five years after the initiation of the transition, off-farm labor supply patterns for Bulgarian agricultural households are similar to what is commonly observed in developed market economies. Labor supply is positively affected by factors such as education and work experience which are hypothesized to increase off-farm wages. Social benefit programs providing monetary or in-kind support payments are shown to significantly decrease off-farm work. 相似文献
16.
祝坤艳 《中国农业资源与区划》2017,38(11):191-197
[目的]通过分析河南省农村劳动力转移对农业产业结构发展的影响,为促进河南省农村劳动力的合理转移和农业产业结构的协调发展提供参考。[方法]文章采用统计数据分析法和文献分析法。搜集分析河南省农村劳动力转移相关的数据和河南省与农业产业结构的数据,探究农村劳动力转移与农业产业结构之间的关系,最终详细说明河南省劳动力转移对河南省农业产业结构发展产生的具体影响。[结果]2006~2013年,河南省劳动力转移的年增长速率6.93%,在此影响下农民收入年增长率达19.98%;农作物总产量年增长率达26.69%;粮食作物和油料作物种植面积年增长率达4.76%和4.11%;棉花种植面积年减少速率达80.18%;农业播种面积年增长速率3.42‰;此外,农用机械使用率和农村人力思想素质均提升。[结论]河南省农村劳动力转移对河南省农业产业结构带来了深远的影响,农村劳动力的转移致使农民收入和农业种植效益提升、农业机械化水平增高、农业种植结构趋于单一化、农业经营规模扩大及农村人力资本趋优。 相似文献
17.
Error correction models and agricultural supply response 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
18.
This article extends the current literature on estimating the labor supply function in agriculture by providing a different method to derive the shadow wage and shadow income. The method is based on the observation that the shadow wage is the marginal product of labor at the optimal point of both farm and household production functions. Thus, under certain assumptions on the functional form of the production functions, both the shadow wage and shadow income can be derived without estimating the production function. Using a sample of Vietnamese farmers, the results from the new method are shown to be consistent with the theory. 相似文献
19.
Abdullah Mamun; 《Agricultural Economics》2024,55(2):346-364
The agriculture sector receives substantial fiscal subsidies in various forms, including through programs that are linked to production and others that are decoupled. As the sector has reached the technology frontier in production over the last three decades or so, particularly in high- and middle-income countries, it is intriguing to investigate the impact of subsidies on productivity at aggregate level. This study examines the impact of subsidies on productivity growth in agriculture globally using a long time series on the nominal rate of assistance for 42 countries that covers over 80% of agricultural production. The econometric results show heterogenous effects from various subsidy instruments depending on the choice of productivity measure. Regression results suggest a strong positive effect of input subsidies on both output growth and labor productivity. A positive but relatively small impact of output subsidies is found on output growth only. 相似文献
20.
[目的]农村劳动力性别结构发生变化,使妇女承担起了包括农业灌溉在内更多的农业生产劳动。妇女农业节水对水资源的高效利用具有重要的现实意义。[方法]文章基于文献梳理的视角,采用文献分析法和比较归纳法,类列出现有研究中妇女对农业节水影响的定性,界定妇女赋权的概念,提出利用微观调研数据定量分析不同因子对妇女农业节水的影响及其单个因子的贡献率。[结果](1)农业女性化是工业与农业竞争发展博弈的结果,尽管该趋势延续与否、对农业生产发展利弊的判定尚不明确,但是农村劳动力性别结构发生变化确定无疑,妇女更深程度地参与了农业生产多个环节,农业劳动也相应更多地落在了妇女肩上。(2)妇女成为农业灌溉的主要力量,却因受限于教育程度相对偏低、劳动压力大、社会地位边缘化等原因影响了在农业节水中表现。(3)赋予妇女权能,使其能在承担了灌溉劳动的同时有机会参与水资源的管理,激发妇女在农业节水中的积极作用。[结论]妇女对农业节水影响的研究较少,已有文献多以定性研究为主,且对妇女农业节水与否说法不一。采用微观调研数据分析妇女年龄、健康状况、文化程度、节水意愿、地区经济发展水平、家庭总收入、政策扶持、技能培训、干旱情况、土壤... 相似文献