Vertical integration,exclusive dealing,and expost cartelization

This article uncovers an unnoticed connection between exclusive contracts and vertical organization. A vertically integrated firm can use exclusive dealing to foreclose an equally efficient upstream competitor and to cartelize the downstream industry. Neither vertical integration nor exclusive dealing alone achieves these anticompetitive effects. The cartelization effect of these two practices may be limited when downstream firms are heterogeneous and supply contracts are not contingent on uncertain market conditions. The extent of cartelization also depends on the degree of downstream market concentration and on the degree to which downstream competition is localized.     

Retailers' choice of product variety and exclusive dealing under asymmetric information

This article considers vertical relations between an upstream manufacturer and a downstream retailer that can independently obtain a low‐quality, discount substitute. The analysis reveals that under full information, the retailer offers both varieties if and only if it is optimal to do so under vertical integration. However, when the retailer is privately informed about demand, it offers both varieties even if under vertical integration it is profitable to offer only the manufacturer's product. If the manufacturer can impose exclusive dealing, then under asymmetric information it will do so and foreclose the low‐quality substitute even if under vertical integration it is profitable to offer both varieties.     

The consequences of limiting shareholder litigation: Evidence from exclusive forum provisions

In response to an explosion of shareholder litigation, many firms have adopted exclusive forum provisions which limit lawsuits to courts in a firm's state of incorporation. This paper examines the consequences of a required venue for shareholder litigation. Delaware-incorporated companies experience significant increases in firm value around exogenous events that confirmed the use of a specified forum. Reduced legal costs and the designation of the domicile court as the sole forum to hear shareholder claims contribute to the increase in firm value. Overall, these findings suggest that a required venue for shareholder litigation benefits firms by eliminating multi-jurisdictional lawsuits and reducing the threat of claims with little merit.     

关于证券集中交易的思考

集中交易正在成为证券业信息化最热门的话题之一.2002年,笔者参与了兴业证券股份有限公司集中交易系统项目的立项、调研和招标工作,在这个过程中,对集中交易有了一些认识和想法,在此提出来与大家进行讨论.     

网上交易安全问题探析

近年来,我国网银（即网上银行）如雨后春笋般快速发展,并在电子商务中充当了不可或缺的一环。由于网上银行能够以3A方式（即任意时间、任意地点、任何方式）为客户提供金融服务,不仅提升了金融业务运营效率,而且大幅降低了整个社会的金融服务成本。据笔者估算,中国建设银行实体营业网点的每笔交易成本约为1．13元,而网银的每笔交易成本只有0．02元。     

The theory of collateral

This paper develops a model of the loan market, noting interrelationships between size of loan, collateral arrangements, interest rate, maturity and repayment schedule. Collateral quality is explored.     

EMV卡交易解析与安全性分析

纵观历史，人们开发出多种支付工具都是为了使支付交易更容易、更安全。支付卡的出现，无疑是向安全支付迈出了关键性的一步。随着磁条卡向更具安全特性的EMV芯片支付卡的迁移，支付交易的安全性显著提升。     

三层结构的个人外汇买卖系统

经过近些年的市场培育,我国个人外汇资产不断增加,汇民队伍不断发展壮大。广大汇民对外汇保值增值的需求日益强烈,对个人外汇买卖系统的服务时间、系统功能、服务手段等都提出了较高的要求。原来二层结构的个人外汇买卖系统已不能适应业务飞速发展的需要,为此,交通银行适时开发     

论金融理论的创新

把金融看成是与货币流通相关的经济活动有它的合理性；把货币流通和信用活动包含在金融定义之内，强调金融是货币资金融通，有其合理性和局限性，把金融定义为“资本市场的运营、资本资产的供给与定价”是由融资活动的发展变化推进的；从方法论的角度说有从横向考察金融和从纵向考察金融；新近出版的博迪、莫顿合著的《金融学》在什么是金融、为会么要研究金融及怎样研究金融等方面都有创新。     

The theory of financial intermediation

Traditional theories of intermediation are based on transaction costs and asymmetric information. They are designed to account for institutions which take deposits or issue insurance policies and channel funds to firms. However, in recent decades there have been significant changes. Although transaction costs and asymmetric information have declined, intermediation has increased. New markets for financial futures and options are mainly markets for intermediaries rather than individuals or firms. These changes are difficult to reconcile with the traditional theories. We discuss the role of intermediation in this new context stressing risk trading and participation costs.     

出口企业如何应对人民币升值

贸易融资应对汇率风险的优势和贸易融资中效果显著的一种方法——出口信用保险项下的贸易融资。信保专家撰文则从设计合同条款和借助金融工具的角度介绍了进出口企业可以用来规避汇率风险的其他方法     

与老买家交易，注意避免问题堆积

在国际贸易实践中,与出口企业相互配合长达一二十年的老买家都并不鲜见。不过．正是由于合作时间长、业务持续性强,与老买家的交易也可能出现摩擦和沟通不够顺畅之处．如果各种问题因未能及时解决而不断堆积．将对双方的合作关系带来严重的影响．特别是在欧债危机背景下有可能被资金困难的老买家作为转嫁风险的借口     

信用卡支付交易收单风险探析

消费者(持卡人)在特约商户购买商品或服务,用信用卡支付时需要签名或输入密码.     

外商投资“独资化”将带给中国什么

近几年来，外商在华投资出现了独资化倾向趋势，引起了国内学术界及有关部门的关注。本文对外商在华投资“独资化”倾向趋势、原因、负面效应进行深入的分析与研究，并在此基础上有针对性地提出相关对策建议     

银行卡跨行交易成本收益分析

银行卡业务的竞争实际是市场占有率的竞争,主要体现为发卡量(有效发卡量)和自助设备的数量.随着跨行交易系统的日趋成熟,各家银行的银行卡在结算功能上差异已不明显.银行只有通过加大营销力度扩大市场占有率,才能取得收益.这就要求银行精确核算成本,特别是跨行交易的成本.     

微分方程稳定性理论的进一步推广

利用比较原理,讨论了微分方程dx/dt=f（t,x）的渐近稳定性问题,给出了其渐近稳定性的充分条件.     

The theory and practice of performance measurement

This paper builds on principles and techniques developed in measurement science, as currently understood in physical sciences and engineering, to improve the theory and practice of performance measurement. To do so, it firstly discusses three fundamental positions on measurement, characterized as metaphysical, anti-metaphysical and relativistic. Subsequently, it lays the foundations of a pragmatic epistemology of measurement in both physical and social sciences. Finally, these insights are integrated through the examination of possible advances in both the theory and practice of performance measurement in organizations.     

Simulated financial dealing room: learning discovery and student accountability

This paper identifies the effectiveness of a simulated treasury dealing room for teaching and learning. It uses a presurvey and a postsurvey to establish student perceptions of learning effectiveness. It concludes that students believe that the dealing room: (i) improves their opportunities to apply theory; (ii) provides better learning than lectures; (iii) is more effective than individual learning; (iv) improves student monitoring of learning effectiveness; and (v) improves student abilities to recognize ethical issues, develop alternative solutions to ethical problems, and evaluate solutions to ethical problems from a moral point of view. Student motivation is enhanced by: (i) the high value they place on dealing room learning; (ii) their preparedness to participate; (iii) rapidly reduced levels of anxiety about trading; and (iv) the learning resources provided.     

基于交易确认的网上银行系统安全方案

由于网上银行存在安全隐患，网上银行安全事件频见于媒体，客户对网上银行业务持有不信任的心态。据中国金融认证中心（CFCA）发布的《2007中国网上银行调查报告》显示，网上银行在显示其巨大的发展潜力和空间的同时，安全问题也日益受到关注，并成为阻碍网银使用的最大因素。为此，本文通过分析网上银行存在的安全问题和防范措施，