共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
We investigate the impact of ‘Working Credit’, a nationally‐implemented programme which created increased incentives for welfare recipients to undertake temporary work. Highlighting the difficulties in identifying programme effects in the absence of a randomised controlled trial or a natural experiment, we produce estimates of impacts under alternative identifying assumptions and also undertake various robustness checks. Unconditional and regression‐adjusted difference‐in‐difference estimates suggest that the introduction of the Working Credit programme increased employment rates, earnings and exits for those on income support, but matching methods and various robustness checks provide conflicting evidence on the impact on movements from welfare to work for unemployment benefit recipients. Moreover, estimated effects on earnings while on benefits are sensitive to identifying assumptions. Notwithstanding our inability to conclusively identify causal effects of the programme, we note that our findings are broadly consistent with the incentive effects of the programme, with recipients making use of the credits to increase earnings while on benefits, but not increasing movements off welfare. 相似文献
2.
In this paper, we suggest an approach to analysing policies relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss the formulation of policy and sketch how the approach can be applied to different specific challenges as policymakers try to make difficult choices for managing the pandemic and protecting the economy and society. 相似文献
3.
This study primarily investigates whether China’s economic policy uncertainty (EPU) can predict the environmental governance index volatility, which selects companies regarding environmental protection such as sewage treatment, solid waste treatment, air treatment, and energy saving. Empirical results reveal that China’s EPU index can predict the environmental governance index volatility. Furthermore, even during periods of fluctuating volatility and the COVID-19 pandemic, China’s EPU index can reliably forecast the environmental governance index volatility. This paper tries to provide new evidence regarding the connection between EPU and environmental governance companies’ stock volatility. 相似文献
4.
Jonathan Cribb; 《Fiscal Studies》2024,45(2):131-142
This paper examines trends in working-age labour market and disposable income inequalities in the United Kingdom from 1968 to 2021 using microdata harmonised with 16 other high-income countries. In the UK, the 1980s was a period of rising labour market inequalities and inequality in disposable incomes. Since the 1980s, changes have been more modest. Changing hours of work and changes in family structure have been important for understanding trends in individual and household earnings inequalities, respectively. Tax and benefit reforms have also played an important role in driving disposable income inequalities, with notable redistribution towards low-income households between 1997 and 2010. We also provide evidence on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Disposable income inequality fell slightly as increases in state benefits during the pandemic boosted incomes of poorer households. 相似文献
5.
In this study, we examine the hedging relationship between gold and US sectoral stocks during the COVID-19 pandemic. We employ a multivariate volatility framework, which accounts for salient features of the series in the computation of optimal weights and optimal hedging ratios. We find evidence of hedging effectiveness between gold and sectoral stocks, albeit with lower performance, during the pandemic. Overall, including gold in a stock portfolio could provide a valuable asset class that can improve the risk-adjusted performance of stocks during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we find that the estimated portfolio weights and hedge ratios are sensitive to structural breaks, and ignoring the breaks can lead to overestimation of the hedging effectiveness of gold for US sectoral stocks. Since the analysis involves sectoral stock data, we believe that any investor in the US stock market that seeks to maximize risk-adjusted returns is likely to find the results useful when making investment decisions during the pandemic. 相似文献
6.
新冠肺炎疫情、金融市场震荡与金融危机 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情在全球快速蔓延后,美国等国家金融市场出现大幅度震荡,历史罕见。金融市场震荡是疫情影响投资者信心,金融市场本身的风险需要释放,以及经济基本面悲观预期等因素共同作用的结果。目前来看,疫情对实体经济造成冲击,疫情应对情况也在很大程度上决定了金融市场震荡是否演化为全球金融危机,国外金融市场震荡对国内金融市场的传导需要审慎理性处理。 相似文献
7.
Till von Wachter 《Fiscal Studies》2020,41(3):549-590
This paper discusses the potential long-run effects of large-scale unemployment during the COVID-19 crisis in the labour market on vulnerable job losers and labour market entrants in the United States. The paper begins by contrasting measures of the scale of job loss during the crisis. These measures are paired with estimates from past recessions indicating that the costs of job loss and unemployment can reduce workers’ earnings and raise their mortality for several decades. Focusing only on a subset of vulnerable job losers, the potential lifetime earnings losses from job loss related to the COVID-19 pandemic are predicted to be up to $2 trillion. Related losses in employment could imply a lasting reduction in the overall employment–population ratio. For these workers, losses in potential life years could be up to 24 million. Even at the low range, the resulting estimates are substantially larger than losses in potential life years from deaths directly due to COVID-19. New labour market entrants are at risk to suffer long-term losses in earnings and mortality as well. Based partly on experiences in other countries, the paper discusses potential reforms to short-time compensation programmes and unemployment insurance, which could help limit the short- and long-term harm from layoffs going forward. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Accounting and Public Policy》2021,40(6):106917
We investigate the demand for financial information during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Google search data for individual stocks, we show that the Abnormal Google Search Volume Index declined significantly between March and June of 2020. We find a similar effect around earnings announcements dates, which confirms that the demand for financial information by retail investors declined during the pandemic. Our results are indicative of potentially important consequences for information diffusion, price discovery and market efficiency under extreme uncertainty. We discuss possible explanations for these results. 相似文献
9.
We classify the market sentiment to COVID-19 into expected and unexpected components and then examine their particular impacts on the stock market. We find that unexpected sentiment causes fluctuations in the stock market more than expected sentiment does. However, unexpected sentiment cannot affect stock market informativeness despite the remarkable informational effect of expected sentiment. Moreover, the relation between expected sentiment and stock market fluctuation or informativeness is one-way, whereas there exists a two-way interaction between unexpected sentiment and stock market fluctuation. This further confirms that expected sentiment is informational, whereas unexpected sentiment is quite noisy and informationally harmful. 相似文献
10.
This paper investigates static and dynamic liquidity spillovers for a pool of ten Eurozone countries for the period 2000–2021. We estimate a generalised vector autoregressive (VAR) model based on Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012). We find evidence for static and dynamic transmission of shocks through the liquidity channel. We propose a static measure of liquidity spillovers which captures total and pairwise average spillovers across Eurozone countries. Our measure shows strong evidence of interconnection within the Eurozone through the liquidity channel. We investigate the dynamic intensity and direction of liquidity spillovers, finding significant evidence of contagion during crisis periods. Our results indicate that most of the shocks during periods of financial uncertainty arise from leading economies within the Euro area. 相似文献
11.
This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 social distancing on the US service sector. Results from four industry indexes (hotels, entertainment, restaurants and airlines) indicate that conditional correlations among index pairs exhibited substantial increases. Iterated Cumulative Sums of Squares (ICSS) tests in dynamic conditional correlations show that while the relationship between airlines and entertainment venues is unstable, restaurants and hotels demonstrate stable co-movement. Markov regime-switching regression analysis suggests the pandemic is affecting mainly the entertainment and airline industries, with gradual deterioration in the hotel industry, led by small-market-cap companies. However, we see no evidence of a negative impact on the restaurant industry from the pandemic in our analysis period. This may be related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Based on our results, we recommend employment of effective working capital and supply chain management methods in the service sector to streamline the operations of affected companies. In addition, all other sectors should utilize appropriate methods of risk measurement and should take 'Black Swans' into account to incorporate a more accurate probability of unexpected events. 相似文献
12.
I analyze the shockwave effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on currency markets, with a comparison to the global financial crisis (GFC), employing Kapetanios m-break unit root test, investigations of standalone risk measures—downside variance, upside risk, volatility skewness, Gaussian Value at Risk (VaR), historical VaR, modified VaR—and Diebold–Yilmaz volatility spillover analysis. Standalone risk analysis shows that the turmoil in the initial months of COVID-19 was not as severe as that in the GFC. However, examination of co-movements and volatility spillovers illustrates a different scenario. According to the results of the static connectedness measure of Diebold–Yilmaz, the shockwave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the total volatility spillover is about eight times greater than that of the GFC. Among standalone risk measures, the results closest to this finding are obtained from volatility skewness analysis. Additionally, of six foreign exchange rates, the Brazilian real and Turkish lira are the currencies experiencing the greatest increase in received volatility during the GFC and the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. These findings suggest the severe effect of crises on emerging financial markets. 相似文献
13.
张伟 《江西金融职工大学学报》2011,24(4):58-63
农业保险的发展受制于工业化进程,每一个国家都只能选择与其工业化发展水平相适应的农业保险模式。随着工业化的推进,政府的农业保险政策和市场的农业保险需求都会发生变化。当前中国工业化进程的区域差距导致了政策性农业保险补贴的地区差异,建议根据各地区的经济发展水平在地方政府和中央政府之间分担财政补贴资金的比例,在全国范围内提供补贴标准和保障水平相近的农业保险服务。 相似文献
14.
本文通过对影响福建住宅房地产市场供求的因素进行分析,选取笔者认为对住宅房地产供求影响最为显著的几个因素,构建动态蛛网模型,并利用系统估计法中的广义矩法对所选取的因素进行回归分析,求解的结果表明该蛛网模型属于收敛型。但现实的情况说明这个收敛过程不但很缓慢而且很容易受到外界冲击的影响,因此需要政府通过宏观调控加速其收敛。 相似文献
15.
How much the largest worldwide companies, belonging to different sectors of the economy, are suffering from the pandemic? Are economic relations among them changing? In this paper, we address such issues by analyzing the top 50 S&P companies by means of market and textual data. Our work proposes a network analysis model that combines such two types of information to highlight the connections among companies with the purpose of investigating the relationships before and during the pandemic crisis. In doing so, we leverage a large amount of textual data through the employment of a sentiment score which is coupled with standard market data. Our results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has largely affected the US productive system, however differently sector by sector and with more impact during the second wave compared to the first. 相似文献
16.
This paper discusses different definitions of systemic risk and identifies the challenges, which regulators face in addressing this phenomenon. We conducted a systematic literature review of 4859 abstracts to categorize the various methodologies developed to measure systemic risk. In total, 60 systemic risk measures proposed post-2000 have been critically appraised to inform academics and regulators of their practical applications and model vulnerabilities. This review suggests that most of these methods focus on individual financial institutions rather than on system stability. Those methodologies directly reflect the current regulations, which aim to ensure individual institutions’ soundness. As macro-prudential regulation evolves, policy-makers face the issues of understanding contagion and how regulations should be implemented. This paper also discusses new systemic risk and regulatory challenges resulting from the current COVID-19 pandemic. 相似文献
17.
本文分别利用供需面变量以及市场面变量对短融信用利差进行建模,并将上述两类模型的优点进行结合,得到针对短融信用利差预测的供需-市场模型。当利用本模型进行样本内预测时,多数误差均被控制在[-5bp,3bp]以内,且预测方向准确率达到90%以上,具有良好的实用价值。 相似文献
18.
David Collard Michael Godwin John Hudson† 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2005,32(7-8):1397-1421
Abstract: A theoretical analysis argues that a company will provide benefits if they are worth more to the employee than income equal to the net amount it is costing the firm to provide the benefit. Because the individual is being denied choice, other things being equal he/she would prefer the income. But the firm may be able to provide a benefit‐wage package which compensates the individual because of (i) tax advantages, (ii) economies of scale in purchasing or (iii) production function advantages. The empirical work focuses on benefit provision in the UK. 相似文献
19.
中国信贷市场非均衡状况:估计与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文借助于Burkett的双曲交易函数对1980～2003年中国信贷市场的非均衡状况进行估计,从而明确了中国信贷市场各年的非均衡状况(供大于求还是供不应求)与非均衡程度。结果发现:信贷需求者的意愿需求、供给者的意愿供给均经常大于实际供给。中国信贷市场的意愿供给数量主要取决于计划的经济增长率、当年通货膨胀率、储蓄存款余额年增长率。中国信贷市场的意愿需求数量主要取决于预算内基本建设投资增长率、固定资产投资增长率。 相似文献
20.
COVID-19 is the first global scale crisis since the inception of Bitcoin. We compare the contagion phenomenon of Bitcoin and other financial markets or assets pre and during the COVID-19 shock in both contemporaneous and non-contemporaneous manner. This paper uses the directed acyclic graph (DAG), spillover index, and network topology to provide strong evidence on the directional contagion outcomes of Bitcoin and other assets. The empirical results show that the contagion effect between Bitcoin and developed markets is strengthened during the COVID-19 crisis. Particularly, European market has a dominant role. Excluding Bitcoin’s own shocks, United State and European markets are the main contagion sources to Bitcoin. European market also works as a intermediary to deliver infectious from United State and market fear. The findings show that gold always has contagion effect with Bitcoin, while gold, US dollar and bond market are the contagion receivers of Bitcoin under the shock of COVID-19. The empirical results further proved the safe haven, hedge and diversifier potential of Bitcoin in economic stable time, but also shows that the sustainability of these properties is undermined during the market turmoil. 相似文献