日本环境管理中的公众参与机制

公众参与是日本环境保护史中的一个重要“法定”。80年代以后，在环境管理方面，日本政府通过将公众环境权益法律化、制度化、将公众参与的程序纳入政策制定的过程中等手段进一步加强了社会制衡的作用，从公众参与机制的实施效果看，其对日本环境管理的作用是难以替代的。     

论公共危机管理中的社区参与

社区作为城市社会的基层组织,在公共危机管理中承担基础性作用.广泛的社区参与是有效预防和应对危机的重要保证.西方国家较为重视社区在公共危机管理中的作用,并逐步形成以社区为基础的危机管理模式.我国也应进一步加强公共危机管理中的社区建设,包括加大政府的指导与支持;维持社区应急主体的运转;分步有序地开展社区应急工作等.     

Private Information Production,Public Disclosure,and the Cost of Capital: Theory and Implications*

Both private information production by market traders and public disclosure by firms contribute to dissemination of financial information in the capital market. However, the motives and economic consequences of the two are quite different. In general, private information production is intended by investors to increase their trading profit, which has the effect of widening the information gap between informed and uninformed investors and increasing the firm's cost of capital. On the other hand, public disclosure can be used to narrow this information gap and to lower the cost of capital. This paper provides a theoretical model to examine the economic incentives behind these two forms of information dissemination and their consequences on the cost of capital. By simultaneously considering the firm's and the information traders' decisions, the paper derives an equilibrium in which the amount of private information production, the level of public disclosure, and the cost of capital are all linked to specific characteristics of the firm, of information traders, and of the market. In contrast to conventional beliefs, the paper predicts that, across firms, the cost of capital can be either positively or negatively related to the firm's disclosure level, depending on the specific factors that cause the variation within a particular sample. Similarly, the extent to which investors follow a firm and the firm's disclosure level can be either positively or negatively related to each other. Implications for empirical research are discussed.     

Customer Concentration and Public Disclosure: Evidence from Management Earnings and Sales Forecasts

This study examines the association between customer base concentration and corporate public disclosure policy. When the customer base is more concentrated, large customers face lower costs of accessing the supplier firm's private information, reducing customers' overall demand for the supplier's public information, suggesting a negative association between customer concentration and the amount of public disclosure. Alternatively, large customers have greater bargaining power and may demand that the supplier firm provide more public disclosures. Consistent with customer concentration facilitating private information flow from the supplier to customers, we find that the frequencies of management earnings and sales forecasts are negatively associated with customer concentration among firms with major corporate customers. These associations are stronger when the supplier and customers are engaged in more relationship-specific investments, when customers' private information acquisition costs are lower, and when it is less costly for customers to find another supplier.     

最终控制人、机构投资者与信息披露选择——基于业绩预告的视角

论文以2001至2009年我国A股上市公司为研究对象,选取业绩预告这一公司具有较大自由选择余地的预测性盈余信息作为研究对象,考察治理特征对信息披露准确程度的影响.研究结果表明:国有控股上市公司在发布业绩预告时呈现出较为明显的保守特征;机构投资者持股比例越高越有利于增加业绩预告的准确程度,具体表现为降低预测误差并有效地抑制业绩预告中的激进和保守倾向.     

日本银行业资产负债管理的历史演进及启示

日本银行业的历史经验显示,资产负债管理应注重导入全面风险管理理念并构建、完善管理流程与组织体制;近年来,日本银行业在运用资产负债管理系统应对巴塞尔协议Ⅲ、国际财务报告准则时,重视数据积累与整备以及合理设计系统架构和管理方法。中国银行业当前正面临着利率市场化、金融国际化问题,与日本银行业在20世纪80年代所处背景非常相似,外部监管环境变化也与日本大致相同,因此,日本银行业资产负债管理的历史经验对中国银行业构建资产负债管理体系具有积极的参考意义。     

我国公众参与食品安全监管的博弈分析

文章以我国公众参与食品安全监管为背景,从博弈论角度,阐述了食品安全中的公众、企业与政府的行为动机。通过博弈模型分析表明：在公众参与食品安全监管过程中,企业是否违规的策略选择与公众监督并举报的参与成本以及公众所受的损害有关,公众对企业监督并举报的策略选择依赖于企业所获得额外利润和政府惩罚力度,政府接受公众举报并展开调查的策略选择与公众的策略选择是一致的,但不完全信息下政府的策略选择还与公众的选择概率有关。食品安全问题实际上是政府、企业和公众三方在不同行为动机下的战略选择,要提高食品质量安全水平,有必要引入公众参与食品安全监管,但是要实现其监管的有效性。还需要政府提供必要措施支持和制度保障。     

我国城市管理的主体创新——公众参与

创新是一个民族的灵魂,现代城市管理的创新是城市发展的必然要求,而公众参与是城市管理主体创新的必然选择。本文在对我国公众参与的障碍进行分析的基础上,提出了实现我国城市管理主体创新的建议。     

管理层信息披露语调与企业违规

基于 2017-2020 年沪深 A 股上市公司的数据,利用面板 logit 回归模型,探讨了管理层信息披露语调与企业违规的关系。研究发现：管理层信息披露语调越积极,企业违规的概率越低,在二者的关系中,信息透明度起着调节作用,结果经过内生性和稳健性的检验后依然成立。经进一步分析发现积极语调与企业违规的负向关系只在标准审计意见和分析师关注度高的情况下成立,且公司治理水平会强化二者关系。该研究结论表明企业管理层积极语调可以向市场传递有效信号,对投资者决策具有重要意义。     

关键审计事项与管理层讨论与分析增量信息披露——基于MD&A文本相似度的研究

研究基于2017-2020年我国沪深两市A股上市公司的样本,采用文本分析的方法,考察关键审计事项对管理层讨论与分析增量信息披露的影响。研究结果表明,关键审计事项披露增进了企业管理层讨论与分析(MD&A)的信息含量。进一步研究发现,在非国有企业、分析师跟踪较少的企业以及审计质量较低的企业中,关键审计事项披露对MD&A信息含量的提升作用更为显著。此研究基于增量信息的视角探讨关键审计事项对企业管理层的监督与治理效应,具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

影响消费者对在线营销商信任的因素分析

构建在线消费者对在线营销者的信任是制约网络营销健康发展的重要因素。本文首先在Zuker(1986)提出的信任构建框架下,系统的分析了影响在线购物信任建立的各因素及影响机制,随后对初次购买信任影响因素进行了深入的实证分析,在此基础上得出了相应的营销启示。     

Disclosure and Recognition Requirements: Corporate Investment Decisions with Externalities*

This paper examines the effects of disclosure and recognition requirements on investment decisions when shareholders have limited liability. Firms' investment projects have either high initial pollution prevention costs or high subsequent clean‐up costs, and their liability for clean‐up costs may be either individual or joint and several. Even with individual liability for clean‐up costs, shareholders' limited liability creates an incentive to select the latter project type and to impose costs on the rest of the economy. This tendency is exacerbated when clean‐up liability is joint and several. We show that a disclosure requirement cannot have an unambiguous effect on the selection of the “cleaner” project. However, an accrual requirement, together with an accounting‐based dividend restriction, is shown to promote choice of the project that imposes lower expected costs on the rest of the economy. Moreover, we find that it is possible for a recognition requirement to have a greater impact in a joint‐and‐several liability regime than in an individual liability regime.     

盈余管理、CEO特征与碳信息披露——来自中国高碳排放行业上市公司的证据

在全球气候变化不断加剧的背景下,碳密集型行业正面临着日益增长的公众压力。此种情况下,推动绿色低碳经济已然成为实现可持续发展的必然选择。选取2012—2020年中国高碳排放行业上市公司为研究对象,探究盈余管理对碳信息披露的影响,以及CEO特征对碳信息披露和盈余管理的调节作用。结果显示,盈余管理程度越大,碳信息披露越少;CEO性别为女性、CEO教育背景越高、CEO任期越长、CEO财务背景越强,盈余管理对碳信息披露的反向促进作用会得到加强;CEO年龄越大,盈余管理对碳信息披露的反向促进作用会得到削弱。     

Money Demand in Singapore Revisited: A Comment with Implications

This comment reviews the meaning and significance of the econometric results relating to money demand in Singapore in a paper by Daquila and Phua (1993). I argue that there are a number of confusions and faults in their analysis that could account for their results being incompatible with earlier studies and with monetary events in Singapore. An explanation of their perplexing findings is offered, simple re-estimates are made to justify this point and then some implications for economic methodology and research are offered.     

The Spillover Effect of SEC Comment Letters on Qualitative Corporate Disclosure: Evidence from the Risk Factor Disclosure

In this study we use the recently mandated risk factor disclosure to examine the spillover effect of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) review of qualitative corporate disclosure. We find that firms not receiving any comment letter (“No‐letter Firms”) modify their subsequent year's disclosures to a larger extent if the SEC has commented on the risk factor disclosure of (i) the industry leader, (ii) a close rival, or (iii) numerous industry peers. We refer to this effect as “spillover.” Further, we find that after SEC comments on the industry leader's disclosure, No‐letter Firms also provide more firm‐specific disclosures in the subsequent year. The increased disclosure specificity reduces these firms’ likelihood of receiving SEC risk disclosure comments on their new filings. Our evidence suggests an indirect effect of the SEC review of qualitative disclosure.     

行为资产定价实证研究:中国股票市场噪声交易者风险测度

本文借鉴行为金融理论在资产定价领域的成果,对国外学者的实证方法进行了理论改进和拓展,并运用上海股票市场的A、B股有关交易数据进行了实证研究,得出结论认为我国股票市场具有很高的噪声交易者风险,从而无法运用CAPM对股票进行有效定价。本文在具体实证过程中使用了相关工程技术软件和计量分析软件进行大规模的数据处理、运算和运算结果计量分析,得出了具有统计和经济意义的分析结果。     

非营利组织信息披露机制的理论构建

非营利组织的组织性质和产权特征决定了建立非营利组织信息披露机制的价值与意义,与以往研究不同,文章侧重于从机制运行的角度对我国非营利组织信息披露机制进行理论构建。将非营刹组织信息披露机制分为非营利组织的信息披露、利益相关者的信息分析与其享和利益相关者的奖励与惩罚等三个模块,认为自愿性信息披露的适度控制和强制性信息披露度的合理测量、第三方评估机构的完善和利益相关者之间信息的共享、行政性奖励与处罚的公平与公正是保证机制健康运行的关键。