对金融消费者权益维护的思考

随着我国金融消费者权利意识的不断增强,金融消费者权益保护问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。如何在不阻碍金融创新的前提下最大程度地保护消费者利益已成为当前金融监管部门面临的重要挑战,本文对此进行了探讨并提出相关建议。     

The role of consumers in the public policy process

This paper describes the current role of consumers in the development of public policy and supports the need for more consumer inputs in the public policy process. The concept of balance among various interacting publics is viewed as a framework for understanding public policy formation and improving the representation of the consuming public in this process. In a pluralistic political system, relevant publics should be heard. Government should restructure itself to obtain more consumer inputs and marketing public policy decisions should be based on social, technological, as well as market structure considerations.     

论实习生制度与我国公务员招考系统的优化——美国联邦政府的实习生制度及其启示

公务员招考录用是进入公务员队伍的"入口",该招考系统的优劣决定公务员质量并最终决定政府服务绩效。科学的考试录用制度,可以为国家选拔符合职位要求的优秀人才,提高政府行政效能。反之,会造成政府机构人浮于事、效率低下。国外的企业和政府实践都已证明,实习生制度是招考系统的有力补充。目前我国政府公务员招考系统仅采用国考和面试的方式,不能保障有效甄选出优秀人才。通过借鉴美国联邦政府实习生制度,对我国公务员招考系统进行改革,有利于提高现有公务员质量和政府行政效能。     

How effective are public policy decissions?…The need for a general evaluation model

The successful inplementation of public policy decisions depends heavily upon knowing what information is required by the consumers and knowing the situational factors that determine whether or not the consumer will use the information. Implementation will only succeed if there is an attempt made to educate the consumer through methods other than “full disclosure.” The successful education of the consumer will only succeed if the policy decision makers are able to determine what the consumers need to know and how best to communicate this to them. The purpose of this paper is to present a general methodology for gathering information about groups of consumers or industries that will be affected by the policy decision. One of the major thrusts of the model is the emphasis placed on acquiring the information before the policy decision is made. The second major thrust is the proposal to “test market” policy decisions before they are actually made.     

基于旅游者风险规避理论的导游管理模式重构

根据旅游者风险规避理论,我国目前的旅游消费陷入了一种“风险规避恶性循环”,而提倡诚信经营、引入公开化、透明化运营机制是打破这种恶性循环的有效措施。据此可重新安排导游服务消费过程,实行导游服务信息公开、明确定价,消费者自主选择导游,从而解决导游薪酬、管理体制、培训和晋升等问题,构建“以导游服务管理公司为管理主体,以旅游消费者利益为制度安排最终目的,旅游行政管理部门监督调控,旅行社灵活聘用”的理想导游管理模式。     

我国危机政策合法化研究——基于政策制定的视角

在危机政策制定中,危机政策合法化既有利于树立政策的权威性,又有利于增加社会公众对危机决策的了解并调动社会公众执行危机决策的积极性。公共政策合法化包含两层含义,一是指法律上的合法化,即公共政策的制定必须与国家有关法律的规定相—致;二是政治上的合法化,即公共政策制定必须尊重民意,获得民意的认同。目前,我国危机政策合法化尚未完善,需不断改进与完善。     

关于消费者“绿色消费”的几点思考

我国是一个人均资源极其贫乏的国家,为缓解我国资源全面紧张的状况,实现社会的可持续发展,必须要使消费者树立正确的"绿色消费"观念,提高消费者的消费水平,引入循环经济模式并上升到法律规制的高度,加强循环经济立法,实现我国环境保护基本国策,促进我国循环型社会的建立和发展.     

基于公益性的盐业管制政策构想

基于碘盐的公益性,透过政府对碘盐普遍服务实行管制之必要性分析,文章主张,政府管制应兼顾消费者公共福利、执政党国际形象和相关企业生产效率的三维目标利益,进而在以社会目标和政治目标为核心目标的导向下,通过对政府补贴、普遍服务基金和政府直接投资三种管制政策的优化,构建兼顾三维管制目标的盐业特许投标政策。     

Marketers’ use of alternative front-of-package nutrition symbols: An examination of effects on product evaluations

How front-of-package (FOP) nutrition icon systems affect product evaluations for more and less healthful objective nutrition profiles is a critical question facing food marketers, consumers, and the public health community. We propose a conceptually-based hierarchical continuum to guide predictions regarding the effectiveness of several FOP systems currently used in the marketplace. In Studies 1a and 1b, we compare the effects of a broad set of FOP icons on nutrition evaluations linked to health, accuracy of evaluations, and purchase intentions for a single product. Based on these findings, Studies 2 and 3 test the effects of two conceptually-different FOP icon systems in a retail laboratory in which consumers make comparative evaluations of multiple products at the retail shelf. While there are favorable effects of each system beyond control conditions with no FOP icons, results show that icons with an evaluative component that aid consumers’ interpretations generally provide greater benefits (particularly in product comparison contexts). We offer implications for consumer packaged goods marketers, retailers, and the public policy and consumer health communities.     

Consumer spending self-control effectiveness and outcome elaboration prompts

Decision making related to finances is of significant importance. A major factor underlying financial decision making involves differences in consumers?? spending self-control (CSSC). We conceptualize CSSC as an individual difference, distinct from general self-control, develop a parsimonious measure to assess it, and demonstrate important related consequences and behaviors. Further, we examine how underlying differences in CSSC impact the effectiveness of a self-control strategy that has recently received attention in public policy legislation??enhancing consumers?? awareness of the future consequences of present behavior through the provision of outcome elaboration prompts. Results from our studies suggest that outcome elaboration prompts (that is, external stimuli used to encourage consumers to consider the future outcomes of their present decisions) differentially impact consumers?? self-control effectiveness depending on their inherent CSSC. Specifically, the presence of outcome elaboration prompts enhances self-control for low CSSC consumers, but does not affect the choices of high CSSC consumers. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence that it is a differential focus on future outcomes that drives the distinct responses of high- versus low-CSSC consumers to the provision of outcome elaboration prompts.     

The consumer retail search process: A conceptual model and research agenda

Consumers are continually faced with the task of finding their way through a wide variety of retail environments. Surprisingly, very little research has addressed questions about how consumers physically search through retail settings. This article explores this important, yet little researched behavior. A conceptual model of the consumer’s retail search process (CRSP) and several research propositions are advanced. The CRSP model integrates research findings relevant to an understanding of consumer retail search behavior. Literature from such diverse fields of scientific inquiry as environmental psychology, human factors, architecture, and marketing are reviewed and serve as the theoretical basis of the CRSP model. He received his Ph.D. in marketing from Pennsylvania State University in 1991. His current research interest concerns how consumers interact with the physical environment and how this interaction influences subsequent behavior. His research has been published in theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing and theJournal of Marketing Education. His teaching and research interests focus on marketing and the environment and services marketing. He has carried out extensive research under sponsorship of federal, state, and local agencies on consumer behavior and urban travel and energy consumption. He received a B.S. degree in psychology from the University of Washington in 1966 and a Ph.D., also in psychology, from the University of North Carolina in 1972.     

解决中小企业融资困境的关键：健全中小企业征信体系

摘要：解决中小企业融资困境必须建立健全中小企业征信制度。我国中小企业征信体系建设存在着政策法律缺失、信息资源分散、缺乏对应的金融监管层次、缺少有效的监管机制、缺乏征信报告的应用等问题。应健全中小企业征信服务体系,发展资信调查和信用评级等中介机构,创新金融服务,完善我国中小企业征信法律制度,增加中小企业征信报告应用渠道。     

当前国内区域合作组织的困境与出路

国内区域合作组织的出现是基于地方政府解决跨行政区公共问题和提高区域治理绩效的需要,而相关各方也能够从中获得合作收益。但由于权威来源层次过低、缺乏组织执行力和相应的保障机制,国内区域合作组织也面临着困境。所以,要改革现有的合作组织,使其由区域利益协调机构逐步转变为区域政府职能整合机构、由关系型软性管理体制逐步转变为实体型硬性管理体制。理想的区域合作组织应当是法治化的准行政机构,具有完整的组织机构体系、规范化的领导管理关系和良好的运行机制,同时,其行政管理权限应该是有限的。     

Blowing bubbles: Heuristics and biases in the run-up of stock prices

Ads of stocks and mutual funds typically tout their past performance, despite a disclosure that past performance does not guarantee future returns. Are consumers motivated to buy or sell based on past performance of assets? More generally, do consumers (wrongly) use sequential information about past performance of assets to make suboptimal decisions? Use of this heuristic leads to two well-known biases: the hot hand and the gambler’s fallacy. This study proposes a theory of hype that integrates these two biases; that a positive run could inflate prices, while a negative run could depress them, although the pattern could reverse on extended runs. Tests on two experiments and one event study of stock purchases strongly suggest that consumers dump “losers” and buy “winners.” The latter phenomenon could lead to hyped-up prices on the stock market for winning stocks. The authors discuss the managerial, public policy, and research implications of the results.     

政府危机管理的媒体政策

新闻媒体作为一种重要的社会力量,在政府危机管理中发挥的作用日益凸现.因此,政府在危机管理中,要充分重视新闻媒体的作用,制定有效的媒体政策,及时向公众公开信息,提高决策透明度,引导公众共同克服危机.     

中国宏观税负水平的争议与启示——基于财税制度缺陷的分析

政府部门、纳税人和财税专家等对我国目前的宏观税负水平做出了不同的判断。这是我国财税制度缺陷造成的结果。消除对税负的认识分歧必须在重新界定政府收入中税收范围的基础上,准确度量我国的宏观税负水平,并建立税收支出制度和加强税收征管以消除税种名义税率和实际税率的偏离,构建民生财政以实现纳税人权利义务的统一,降低间接税比重以减轻税负转嫁对消费者的影响,下放税收立法权以减少非税收入负担。     

后危机时代金融消费者知情权的保护

后危机时代,各国逐渐意识到保护金融消费者权益的重要性,纷纷启动了以金融消费者保护为重心的金融变革计划。我国应当反思现行金融消费者保护体系的不足,在借鉴国外成功立法经验的基础上,通过贯彻对金融消费者倾斜保护的理念,引入一般性反欺诈条款,推进金融消费者保护立法,构建统舍性的金融消费者保护机构。     

试论财政支出配置的基本原则

基于以往经典文献的重要研究结论,总结出政府在财政支出配置过程中必须符合的三个基本原则:效率性、公共性和平等性.通过对三个基本原则的深入分析,发现三者之间并不是相互独立的,在本质上效率性、公共性和平等性是相辅相成、辩证统一的.首先,效率性是财政支出配置的前提条件,因为政府的财政资源是非常稀缺的,如果在配置公共资源的过程中没有符合经济效率,那是对公民税收的恣意挥霍.其次,公共性是财政支出配置的政治基础,由于政府机构的行政低效和官僚的腐败猖獗,所以必须通过一种能够反映公民意志的政治程序才能约束政府的利维坦行为.最后,平等性成为财政支出配置的道德保障,它将让任何一个弱势群体享受到公共财政带来的普惠.     

农民工就业信息服务工具的设计

就业信息服务工具按内容可分为实物工具、政策工具和方法工具。目前公共就业服务机构所提供的农民工就业信息服务在方法、流程和标准上都存在设计缺陷,难以满足农民工日益增长的求职需要。采取整合设计的思路,细化就业信息服务流程、强化就业信息服务评估,完善就业信息服务内容、规范就业信息服务标准,是提升农民工就业服务水平的必由之路。     

公共政策过程中的公民参与研究——基于治理和善治的视角

在现代社会,公民的参与程度已经成为衡量政府行政管理水平的一个重要指标.公共政策是协调利益关系、解决社会问题的基本治理工具,它必须公平体现公民的利益诉求,这就要求政府满足公民日益增长的参与需求.在社会转型期,由于政治经济文化等多种因素的限制,我国公民政策参与还面临很多困难.通过分析我国目前公民政策参与的现状及存在的问题,在借鉴国外比较成熟公民政策参与的相关经验的基础上,以构建政策网络治理为根本路径,从改善制度和技术、提升公民参与能力、培养参与型政治文化、健全保障机制以及促进有序参与的角度提出了完善我国公民政策参与的一些具体建议和措施.