一个中国私营部门发展模型

为讨论民营化、市场化对中国私营部门发展的影响,本文根据中国企业行为模式建立了一个简单经济数学模型。该文认为,由于中国的国有企业、私营企业和其他经济实体具有偏离利润最大化的多重目标,与单纯追求利润最大化的企业比较,它们倾向于利用更多的劳动力和资本生产更多的产品,但是,它们却只能获得更低的利润甚至亏损。这是中国经济高增长低效率的原因。本文还讨论了非利润目标和“准入成本”对企业数量和规模的影响。另外,模型分析表明,企业的管理能力和企业规模之间存在匹配问题,是中国的渐进式改革成功与俄罗斯大爆炸式改革失败的部分原因     

Political legislation cycle in the Czech Republic

Politicians’ efforts to stay in office may lead to the occurrence of political cycles in legislation activity. The aim of this article is to analyze the political legislation cycles in a post-socialist economy of a young democracy, namely in the Czech Republic. Our estimation of the relationship between the number of approved laws and various explanatory variables suggests that the timing of elections has an impact on legislation activity. As an electoral term matures and upcoming elections approach, an increase is observed in legislation activity through which an incumbent government seeks to maximize its chances of re-election.     

捷克研发创新理事会活动情况概述

捷克研究、发展和创新理事会是捷克政府科技创新管理领域专家咨询机构,在捷克研发创新体系中发挥着核心作用。本文介绍了理事会职能、人员组成、工作机制,以及近期为推动创新开展的重点工作,为深入了解捷克研发创新政策和战略、重点发展领域,以及专家咨询机制在创新发展中的作用提供了有益借鉴。     

Capital Structure of Insolvent Companies in the Czech Republic

International Advances in Economic Research -     

浅议私营企业财务管理

在市场经济的不断完善中,私营企业得到了前所未有的发展,它们不但成为各地经济增长的主力军,而且在创造税收、增加就业等方面发挥着积极作用。然而私营企业在发展过程中,仍有相当一部分企业处于“高出生与高死亡率”的状态。由于财务管理水平是影响私营企业发展的一个重要因素,因此将针对中国私营企业财务管理的有关问题进行研究,希望能有助于中国私营企业的健康发展。     

Municipal Finance in Poland,the Slovak Republic,the Czech Republic and Hungary: Institutional Framework and Recent Development

The recent process of political and economic transition in eastern European countries has not only contributed to the decentralisation of political structure but also significantly enhanced the fiscal autonomy of municipalities in these countries. In this context many similar types of public activities have recently been assigned to local governments, and some taxes were also declared to be local taxes. To be sure, this type of fiscal decentralisation has caused some additional problems, particularly for safeguarding the quality of publicly provided goods and services and for co-ordinating intergovernmental fiscal transfers between the central and local governments. For instance, some criticise that many small-sized municipalities in the transition economies have suffered from financial bottlenecks and have not been able to receive sufficient financial support from the central government. However, such a fiscal devolution trend appears to continue. This study primarily deals with issues surrounding the impact of national fiscal policy and the regulatory framework on local governments' expenditure behaviour and their ability to mobilise necessary revenues under the particular consideration of the institutional and administrative co-operation with the central government and of the less well-developed financial market in Poland, the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic and Hungary.     

Private Sector Involvement in Infrastructure Projects

There has been little systematic discussion of the issues associated with private involvement in infrastructure. Analysis of the relative performance of the private and public sector in different phases of infrastructure provision suggests that, in most cases, the private sector will be most efficient in the construction phase but the public sector will be best equipped to handle the risks associated with ownership. The situation is less clear-cut with respect to operation—a mixture in which core operations are undertaken by the public sector owner with peripheral operations being contracted out may be optimal in many cases.     

Enterprise performance and management turnover in the Czech Republic

We study the effect of management turnover on changes in enterprise performance, using a cross-section of 706 Czech firms over the 1993–1997 period. Controlling for initial conditions, equity holdings by managers, and firm- and sector-specific effects, we find that the appointment of new managers is associated with improvements in profit margins and labor productivity, particularly if those managers were selected by private owners. The results highlight the importance of human capital in transition economies in bringing about improvements in corporate performance.     

Increased sorting and wage inequality in the Czech Republic

This paper makes use of a linked employer–employee dataset to examine the evolution of wage inequality in the Czech Republic during 1998–2006. We find evidence of slightly increasing returns to human capital and diminishing gender inequality and document sharp increases in both within‐firm and between‐firm inequality. We investigate several hypotheses to explain these patterns: increased domestic and international competition, decentralized wage bargaining, skill‐biased technological change and a changing educational composition of the workforce. Domestic competition is found to lower within‐firm inequality whereas we find no evidence that increased international trade at the industry level is associated with higher between‐ or within‐firm wage inequality. The key factors driving the observed increase in wage inequality are increased educational sorting and the inflow of foreign firms to the Czech Republic.     

上海民间博物馆旅游发展思路及产品设计构想

通过对民间博物馆吸引力的分析,指出其具备开发旅游产品的潜力。在此基础上,结合上海民间博物馆的实际,提出大视野、强互动、多形式、高品位的旅游开发思路,并根据合作与组合方式的差别,提出博物馆内部集合型、文化内集合型和文化外集合型三种民间博物馆产品开发方向。