Economic Complexity and Inflation: An Empirical Analysis

Atlantic Economic Journal - This study examines the relationship between inflation and economic complexity, the set of productive capabilities and know-how embedded in the structure of an economy....     

通胀率动态与通胀惯性度量

本文从通胀惯性的理论模型出发,构建无限状态Markov区制转移的计量模型,实现对通胀惯性的有效度量。对美国通胀惯性的实证分析,证实货币政策工具的频繁使用会付出通胀惯性的代价,暴露出其单一目标货币政策框架的缺陷。我国央行的调控也已经对市场利率形成了显著的传导作用,谨慎地使用货币政策工具,使我国的通胀惯性在被货币政策短暂影响后,得以有效恢复。这表明坚持实行多目标、多手段与宏观审慎政策相结合的调控模式,对维护经济环境稳定与长期发展的重要性。十国通胀惯性的度量结果与对比分析,进一步佐证了本文观点。     

外商直接投资通货膨胀效应的实证分析

文章主要针对外商直接投资与通货膨胀的关系进行研究。首先给出了FDI与通胀的传导机理。然后通过平稳性检验、协整分析、建立误差修正模型等方法,针对外商直接投资和货币供给量以及物价指数的关系进行实证分析。分析结果表明,在我国外商直接投资是造成通货膨胀的原因之一。     

石油冲击对“金砖国家”经济增长和通胀的影响

本文从外生性、长期乘子和短期动态乘子研究石油冲击对"金砖国家"经济增长和通货膨胀的影响。文章引入了Bootstrap方法对短期动态乘子进行了统计推断,结果表明:石油价格对"金砖国家"经济具有外生性;长期而言,油价会显著拉动巴西和俄罗斯的经济增长,还会显著推高俄罗斯的通货膨胀;短期而言,油价会显著刺激巴西、俄罗斯和南非的经济增长,还会显著推高俄罗斯、印度和中国的通货膨胀。本文认为,石油冲击不是导致世界经济衰退的主要原因,但它可能是形成全世界范围内通货膨胀不可忽略的重要因素。     

基于VAR模型的FDI与中国通货膨胀的经验分析

理论分析显示FDI会通过国际收支、国内投资、货币供给量和国际贸易等因素引发中国的通货膨胀。本文在多变量VAR模型的基础上,采用中国季度数据,运用协整分析和ECM等方法发现,在长期内每增长1%的FDI会带来通货膨胀上涨0.24%,外汇储备、货币供给量和国内投资引发了通货膨胀率上升,而贸易开放度抑制了通货膨胀。方差分解结果表明外汇储备是影响长期通货膨胀最重要的因素,FDI对外汇储备的冲击存在正向作用且效应呈递增趋势。     

Integration of Long-Term Interest Rates: Empirical Evidence for G7 Countries

Abstract

This article investigates the fractional cointegration relationship between long-term interest rates of G7 countries over the period from 1990:01 to 2010:04 by estimating the cointegrating regressions for possible bivariate, trivariate and four-variate subsystems as well as the full system. The obtained results indicate that long-term interest rates are fractionally cointegrated for bivariate subsystems of Canada–France, Canada–Japan and Canada–UK and four-variate subsystem of Canada–USA–France–UK, implying integration.     

中国输出通货膨胀吗——基于贸易数据的实证检验

近年来中国的物价水平上涨较快,少数国家认为中国的出口扩张正在对外输出通货膨胀,引发全球性的通胀压力。针对这种言论指责,本文基于详实的数据资料,对中国的出口增长与进口国通胀之间的关系进行了实证检验。结果表明,中国的出口扩张不仅没有输出通胀,反而是稳定全球价格的重要力量。最后,对全球通胀的影响因素作了进一步的计量分析,发现进口国自身的宽松货币政策和国际市场中能源、原材料及运输价格的上涨才是全球通胀之源。     

Inflation in South Africa: An Assessment of Alternative Inflation Models

We consider the relative empirical performance of a range of inflation models for South Africa. Model coverage is of Phillips curve, New Keynesian Phillips curve, monetarist and structural models of inflation. Our core findings are that the single most robust covariate of inflation is unit labour cost. We further decompose unit labour cost into changes in the nominal wage and real labour productivity. The principal association is a strong positive relationship between inflation and nominal wages, while improvements in real labour productivity report only a relatively weak negative association with inflation. Supply‐side shocks also consistently report an association with inflation. As to demand‐side shocks, the output gap does not return a robust statistical association with inflation. Instead, it is growth in the money supply and government expenditure which return robust and theoretically consistent associations with inflationary pressure.     

资源生产、资源消费与经济增长:理论与实证——来自跨国面板数据的证据

文章将自然资源引入Romer(1990)的内生经济增长模型中,建立了一个包括四部门的封闭经济系统,通过理论模型推导得到,资源消费对地区经济增长具有促进作用,资源生产对地区经济增长具有阻碍作用,"资源诅咒"的传导机制主要表现为资源型经济对人力资本的挤出效应。此外,文章基于OECD和BRICS 37个国家的跨国面板数据,采用系统GMM估计方法实证检验了资源生产(开发)和资源消费对经济增长的影响,回归结果进一步表明,资源生产和资源消费对地区经济增长的影响存在异质性。对于资源开发地区(资源供给者)而言,自然资源是"诅咒";对于资源需求者而言,自然资源是"福音","资源生产诅咒"和"资源消费福音"命题在跨国层面显著成立,摆脱"资源陷阱"依然是资源丰裕国家(地区)急需解决的关键问题。     

货币供应、货币超发与通货膨胀:基于全球52个经济体的实证检验

文章以52个国家或地区2000~2016年的季度数据,对货币数量论的适应性展开了更进一步的细化研究。平稳性检验中,将传统的ADF检验与内生两突变点的LM单位根检验相结合,防止因果检验样本的可能遗漏。逐个国家或地区全样本因果检验结果显示,货币供应和货币超发对通货膨胀具有显著影响(10%显著水平)的国家数比重分别为27%和36%,反映货币数量论并非绝对存在而应具备一定的适用条件。通过使用滚动窗口方法,文章进一步验证了货币数量论同一国家或地区在不同时间段的情况,得到了适用性不一致的结论。最后,利用滚动窗口的检验结果,发现货币数量论适用与不适用两类国家或地区,除GDP增速外,通货膨胀水平和货币供应增速均具有显著差异性。     

Unemployment and Labor Market Institutions: An Empirical Analysis

The development of the unemployment rate differs substantially between OECD countries. In this paper we investigate to what extent these differences are related to labor market institutions. In our analysis we use data of eighteen OECD countries over the period 1960–1994 and show that the way in which institutions interact is important. J. Japan. Int. Econ., December 2001, 15(4), pp. 403–418. Department of Economics, CentER, Tilburg University and Institute for Labour Studies (OSA), The Netherlands. © 2001 Elsevier Science (USA).Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: E24, J68.     

Inflation and Business Cycle Convergence in the Euro Area: Empirical Analysis Using an Unobserved Component Model

The literature on optimum currency areas states that large inflation differentials can undermine monetary union. In the euro area, inflation rates diverged after the creation of the single currency, but started to converge again from mid-2002. Against this background, we assess the convergence of inflation rates and business cycles and study the relationship between them. The analysis is made using an unobserved component model estimated with the Kalman filter. In general, from 1980 to 2008 inflation rates and business cycles became more aligned in the euro area, but inflation rates converged more quickly than business cycles. The output gap is found to be a better indicator of the business cycle than unit labour cost when studying convergence. By looking at the causality between the convergence of inflation and output gap, it is found that inflation divergence has a limited destabilising economic impact.     

Pass-through Effects of Global Commodity Prices on China＇s Inflation： An Empirical Investigation

The present paper uses a two-step approach to estimate the pass-through effects of changes in international commodity prices and the RMB exchange rate on domestic consumer price inflation in China. We first estimate the pass-through effects of international commodity prices on producer prices and then estimate the pass-through effects of producer price inflation on consumer price inflation. We find that a l O-percent increase in international commodity prices would lead to China＇ s producer prices increasing by 1.2 percent 3 months later, which in turn would increase China＇ s domestic inflation by 0.24 percent over the same period. However, a 10-percent appreciation of the RMB exchange rate against the US dollar would help to reduce increases in producer prices by 4.4 percent over the following 3 months, which in turn would lead to a 0. 89-percent decline in consumer price inflation over the same period. Our findings suggest that appreciation of the RMB in an environment of rising global commodity prices and a weak US dollar could be an effective instrument to help contain inflation in China.     

通货紧缩的经济效应及相关问题分析

通货紧缩是指物价水平普遍低、持续地下降，它会给社会经济生活造成不同程度的影响，这种影响就是通货紧缩的经济效应，其中包括收入分配效应和产量效应，通货紧缩是经济成长中的短期现象，它不会成为经济增长的长期敌人。     

新兴市场经济国家通货膨胀发生概率与汇率制度选择——基于定性响应模型的实证研究

汇率制度选择问题是国际金融学研究领域的重要研究问题,选择适当的汇率制度对于处在转型过程中的新兴市场经济国家具有重要的现实意义。本文对23个新兴市场经济国家的460个样本建立了定性响应模型（Qualitative response model）,对这些国家1985—2004年间汇率制度与通胀发生概率二者之间的关系进行了实证分析,研究发现：固定汇率制度可以降低通胀发生的概率;模拟结果显示,如果我国实行固定汇率制度,通货膨胀发生的概率均明显低于同期对应的其他汇率制度下的概率;通货膨胀发生概率多次出现的阶段性高点与我国历次通货膨胀发生的时间段相吻合;2007年和2008年我国具有较高的发生通胀的可能性。目前,我国尚处于经济转型之中,应该继续维持固定汇率制度,以此作为反通胀的名义驻锚。     

东盟五国通货膨胀的成因分析

本文通过建立Pooled Probit模型,对东盟五国1972年以来经历的26次通货膨胀周期和总体经济环境进行分析,探讨五类宏观经济变量对通货膨胀发生上升概率的贡献率.估计结果显示经济增长、当期石油价格、本国政府前期的财政赤字和美国通货膨胀是这五国通胀上升的主要推动力量.     

投资与通货膨胀、经济增长关系的实证研究——基于二元VAR模型的分析

采用1981-2012年的年度数据,对通货膨胀与经济增长之间的关系进行了实证分析,结果表明,二者之间不仅存在长期稳定的均衡关系,并且存在着双向的格兰杰因果关系。同时,通过引入投资增长率这一中间变量分析了通货膨胀与经济增长之间的传导机制,并根据实证分析,得到结论:经济增长会促进投资的增长,继而使得通货膨胀水平上升;而通货膨胀水平的提高会抑制投资增长,继而影响经济的增长。     

The J-curve Revisited: An Empirical Analysis for Canada

This paper examines exchange rate and trade data to determine whether J-curve effects have occurred for Canada in recent history. With a unique set of data on import and export volumes, the response of the trade balance and its components to exchange rate changes are determined empirically over 1981:1–2005:12 through impulse response functions. The responses have taken into account dominant long-run feedback effects, where the long-run parameters have been estimated by the Johansen cointegration technique. The results show the J-curve phenomenon does not exist for Canada. Robustness checks show the results do not change when looking at the responses over the pre-NAFTA and NAFTA periods.