Transmission of Rice Prices from Thailand into West African Markets: The Case of Benin,Mali, and Senegal

ABSTRACT

The integration of West African rice market to the world market is assessed in order to derive the implication for food security. To this end, the transmission of rice price changes on the world market to selected markets in West Africa was examined to test for the presence of transaction costs. Using the two-regime threshold cointegration procedure on monthly price data, evidence in support of the hypothesis of asymmetric price transmission was found between Thailand and some West African markets. Price increases on the world market were more quickly transmitted to domestic price than were price decreases in Benin and Mali, suggesting short-run dynamic inefficiencies and the presence of transaction costs. In Senegal, the adjustment was linear, suggesting greater integration with the world rice market. The results suggest that West African governments should design and implement adequate policies to develop the domestic rice sector, improve market infrastructures in order to reduce their country dependency to international markets and ensure food security.     

棉花生产量、贸易量变动与国际棉价波动的实证分析——以棉花主产国和贸易国为例

本文运用葛兰杰因果关系检验法对国际市场棉花价格与世界主要棉花生产国的棉花生产量和主要棉花贸易国①的棉花贸易量之间的因果关系进行了检验,并对存在因果关系的变量进行了回归分析,研究结果表明:国际市场棉花价格与世界主要棉花生产国的棉花生产量之间存在反向变动关系,而与世界主要棉花贸易国的棉花贸易量之间的关系不确定。对棉花进口需求量较大的国家而言,其在棉花的国际市场上并不遵循一般意义上的定价规律。     

Yen or Yuan? The law of one price and economic integration in Asia

Using highly comparable local retail prices of 146 goods and services across 18 Asian countries over 1990–2014, we analyse price dispersion and test convergence to the law of one price (LOP ) for these prices around three price benchmarks—Asia‐average, Japan and China prices—to gain insight about market integration in overall Asia as well relative integration of Asian economies to Japan and China. Cross‐Asia price dispersion around China‐price benchmark, for both tradables and non‐tradables, diminishes significantly over the sample period whereas that around Japan‐price benchmark increases considerably, particularly after the 2008 crisis. There is convergence to the LOP for about half of goods and services in China‐ and Asia‐average price benchmarks. The percentage of convergent prices is significantly smaller in Japan‐price benchmark. Direct estimates of the convergence speed parameter also confirm these observations. Overall, our results show evidence of increasing economic integration in Asia in the last two decades. The process of price convergence appears to be driven by the emergence of China as the centre of economic gravity in the region. There is much room for improvement as economic integration in Asia is still far below that in Europe in the 1990s or USA in the 1980s.     

Price Transmission in the Swiss Wheat Market: Does Sophisticated Border Protection Make the Difference?

This article discusses horizontal wheat price transmission from international markets to the domestic Swiss market. The Swiss case is peculiar due to the presence of different border policies segmenting the domestic wheat market according to its use: food or feed. Vector Error Correction (VEC) models with structural breaks are estimated. They account for these policy instruments and their adaptation during periods of market exuberance, and acknowledge linkages between the two market segments. Estimation results suggest that the border policy regime isolates the domestic wheat market for feed use, while, in the food case, the domestic price still responds to international markets.     

简析影响我国价格波动的因素

现在我国大多数价格是由市场决定的 ,但关系重大的价格还是由国家监控 ,并在宏观经济中发挥作用。国内外供给与需求的改变、市场竞争的加剧 ,世界非能源商品价格的变动 ,进口关税下跌 ,以及外汇汇率的变动 ,都是影响我国价格波动的主要因素。     

我国大豆市场价格整合分析

主要研究国内大豆市场之间、国内与国际大豆市场之间的价格影响与作用机制。本文分析了各市场价格变化之间的因果关系,各市场之间相对价格差异调整的速度。并从计量经济学的模型检验了变量价格序列数据之间是否是协整的关系及确认了它们之间格兰杰意义上的因果关系走向。     

国际原油价格、货币政策对我国农产品价格的影响机理与效应

国际市场的进一步开放,带动了世界经济一体化,我国农产品价格受到国际市场的影响越来越大,在众多影响因素中,国际原油价格以及货币政策对农产品价格的影响较大,采取通径分析法,选取我国农产品中比较有代表性的农产品进行实证研究,研究后发现,二者都会对我国农产品价格产生一定的影响,国际原油价格能够通过直接影响对农产品价格发挥效应,而货币政策主要通过间接影响对农产品价格产生效应,两者都会造成农产品价格的波动。     

黄金价格波动性及其演化:以上海和伦敦市场为例

以中国上海和英国伦敦黄金市场为例,应用R/S分析方法实证研究了国内外黄金价格波动性及其演化。研究表明:国内外黄金价格波动存在集聚性和持续性的特征,而且国外市场金价波动的上述特征强于国内市场;国内外黄金价格波动都是由最初的强持续性向弱持续性演化,而国际市场由强持续性向弱持续性演化的速度慢于国内市场。     

国际粮价对国内粮价传递效应研究——以大米、小麦和玉米为例

根据2002年1月至2010年12月的月度数据,运用协整分析、误差修正模型以及脉冲响应函数等方法分析了入世以来国际粮食价格对国内粮食价格波动的影响。结果表明:长期而言,国内粮食市场与国际市场的市场整合度不高,价格传递不完全;短期内,国际粮价对国内粮价的影响也较小;国际价格对国内价格变动的贡献在不断加大,但仍处于较低的水平,主要原因来自于进口需求的低水平、政府的边境控制和国内支持政策。     

国际油价与人民币汇率传导效应研究

随着全球经济一体化进程加速,国际油价波幅加大,国际油价冲击对汇率的传导作用问题为国际社会所关注。通过实证研究证明国际油价冲击对人民币兑美元实际双边汇率存在传导效应,当国际油价上涨时,人民币实际汇率先贬值再升值。在国际油价波动日益剧烈的今天,人民币名义汇率保持稳定将有利于中国经济的发展。     

Consumption smoothing,risk sharing and financial integration

Theories indicate that financial integration should allow economies to better share risk and thus improve consumption smoothing. We construct two widely used price‐based measures of financial integration (i.e., the standard correlation and the adjusted R‐squared) and test whether consumption volatility declines as international equity markets become more integrated. Pooled and panel estimates for three different groups of countries (i.e., G7, G20 and EU) provide no significant evidence of improved consumption smoothing as financial integration rises. This evidence is supported by a battery of robustness checks and holds over time. Taken together, our results suggest that convergence in international equity prices does not necessarily represent the channel through which risk‐sharing opportunities arise or consumption smoothing improves.     

中国内地与香港商品市场一体化测度研究——以北京、上海、广州、深圳为例

采用世界主要城市物价指针数据库中北京、上海、广州、深圳和香港一篮子商品零售价格数据测度了中国内地与香港商品市场的一体化程度。研究表明,中国内地与香港的商品价格差异在逐步缩小,市场呈现一体化趋势,而且CEPA的实施更加推动了两地商品市场一体化进程。随着CEPA的推进,中国内地与香港将从合作走向融合并最终实现市场的大一统。     

Exchange rate determination: The role of factor price rigidities and nontradeables

This paper introduces factor (labor) markets into the intertemporal monetary model of Obstfeld and Rogoff and combines this richer market structure with a new utility-independent representation of nontradeables. This allows us to explore the international monetary transmission mechanism for factor price (wage) rigidities under different degrees of macroeconomic openness. Factor price rigidities imply similar properties for the international transmission mechanism as domestic producer price rigidities. Nontradeables give raise to interesting new effects under asymmetric monetary shocks: They create short-run PPP deviations, increase exchange rate volatility relative to price level volatility and reduce (positive) consumption and (negative) output comovements.     

Tradability, productivity, and international economic integration

This paper develops a model of endogenously tradable goods to study the implications of international integration for price dispersion and pricing to market. A distinctive feature of the model is heterogeneity in both trade costs and productivity. The model highlights the role of heterogeneity in shaping how new entrants at the extensive margin differ from incumbent traders, thereby giving extensive margin movements distinctive implications relative to the intensive margin. In particular, the model predicts that international integration mainly along the extensive margin should be associated with a more limited degree of price convergence. This prediction finds support in cross-sectional regressions on European data and offers insight into recent integration episodes.     

Price Transmission and Threshold Behavior in the African Catfish Supply Chain in Uganda

Abstract

The issue of price linkage in the catfish supply chain in Uganda is important because catfish has become an important traded species with exports to regional markets rising even faster than production, yet limited research has been undertaken to understand the linkages and the non-linearity in the price transmission mechanism. This paper explores the issue using monthly price data from January 2006 to August 2013, and applies threshold autoregressive approaches to test for the existence of a long-run relationship and price asymmetry. The results show that prices in the catfish value chain are tied together by a long-run relationship. It is also revealed that ex-vessel and wholesale price adjustments to retail price changes are symmetric while ex-vessel price adjustments to wholesale price changes are shown to be asymmetric. The direction of causal relationships was observed from the retail to the wholesale and ex-vessel markets, indicating that retailers are the price leaders in the Uganda catfish supply chain.     

基于农产品“最后一公里”流通模式的思考

为加快农产品流通、减少流通环节,降低农产品终端零售价格,解决"卖难买贵"的难题,最近各地推出了"平价商店"和"平价市场"两种新的农产品流通模式。在客观分析"平价商店"对抑制农产品价格效果的基础上,指出其存在的不足,并提出建立公益性农产品直销"零收费平价市场"流通模式的设想以及配套措施的建议。     

专业市场价格指数编制理论初探

专业市场在商品经济中的地位越来越重要,专业市场价格指数作为一种反映市场价格变动情况的指标工具,其作用日渐被人们所认可,价格指数的编制工作越来越受到重视。通过对当前我国的专业市场及其价格指数编制理论的探述,为指数编制实践和运用提供支持。     

国际石油价格波动对我国居民消费价格指数的影响

运用2016年1月~2017年11月的月度数据,构建了国际石油价格波动对我国居民消费价格指数影响的VAR模型,并进一步依据ADF单位根检验、误差修正模型以及脉冲响应函数等数据验证方法,对国际石油价格波动如何影响我国居民消费价格指数展开实证研究。结果表明,国际石油价格的上下波动会对我国居民消费价格指数产生十分明显的影响,但这一影响被局限在某一些特定范围内,且这一显著影响在具体的每一个不同类别的居民消费价格指数上又会出现较大差异。     

Is Africa integrating? Evidence from product markets

This paper presents a price-based assessment of product market integration in Africa using disaggregated retail prices for 91 products and 12 African cities from 1991 to 2008. We find evidence of substantial deviations from the law of one price ? product price differences between the cities averaged 76% over the period – a result that is consistent with the presence of large barriers to trade in the continent. Mean price differences across cities fell by close to a quarter over the period, but the decline was concentrated in the early 1990s with little progress subsequently, despite the regional trade policies implemented by the countries. Gravity-style estimates reveal that reductions in external tariffs and global trends towards price convergence in the early 1990s are the key contributors to the trend in price integration amongst the African cities.     

Regional financial integration in the GCC

We investigate the extent of regional financial integration in the member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Interest rate data show that convergence exists and that interest rate differentials are relatively short-lived—especially relative to other unified currency area and comparable to those of the Euro Area post 1999. Equity data using cross-listed stocks confirm that stock markets are fairly integrated compared to other emerging market regions, although price equalization is hampered by market illiquidity. The limited volume data available suggests that intra-GCC capital flows are sizeable.