民族地区县级政府绩效评估指标体系的构建分析

近年来,我国政府出台了许多有效的改革举措,取得了一定的成效.基于此,本文介绍了民族地区县级政府绩效评估指标体系的构成要素,并分从对民族地区县级政府绩效进行分析、分解民族地区县级政府的绩效目标、收集民族地区县级政府绩效指标要素以及检验并修正民族地区县级政府绩效评估指标体系等方面,分析了构建民族地区县级政府绩效评估指标体系的流程.     

构建首都环境评估体系思路探析

本文分析了当前首都环境污染现状,论述了建立环境评估体系的必要性和重要性,提出构建基于平衡计分卡的环境关键绩效指标体系的整体思路。     

后勤保障供应链绩效评估研究

为了解决后勤保障供应链复杂、缺乏完善的绩效评估方法这一问题，对信息化条件下后勤保障供应链绩效评估进行研究。在分析后勤保障供应链现状基础上，构建面向当前军事环境的后勤保障供应链绩效评估框架，从后勤保障供应链可靠性、响应能力、敏捷性、运作成本等方面提出绩效评估指标体系。该研究提高了后勤保障供应效能，对于强化军事后勤保障力度具有重要作用。     

地方政府绩效评估指标体系的构建及应用研究——以经济建设类指标为例

20世纪90年代以来,中国的地方政府绩效评估研究取得了长足的发展。然而,目前的政府绩效评估研究很少讨论具有实际操作性的指标体系,指标设置过于笼统,评估结果缺乏实质性应用。构建科学合理的指标体系是政府绩效评估过程中的关键环节,决定着整个绩效评估工作的成败。     

基于组织公民行为构建售楼员绩效评估指标体系的研究

目前我国房地产业对售楼员进行绩效评估时往往过分注重销售量,文章对该方法存在的问题及原因进行了分析,在组织公民行为理论研究的基础上,采用专家小组等方法,将组织公民行为绩效指标引入到售楼员的绩效评估当中,重新构建了一套售楼员绩效评估指标体系。     

论刑事侦查绩效评估指标体系的构建

科学构建刑事侦查绩效评估指标体系,能够有效推动刑事侦查的程序化、合法化,激发刑事侦查队伍的内在活力和竞争力,促进刑事侦查队伍向着知识化、现代化、集约化发展,全面提升警务效能。纵观国内外学术界对刑事侦查绩效评估理论研究成果,定性分析多,定量分析少,绩效评估指标体系的研究更是无人探及。鉴于此,本文试图通过加大定量分析研究力度,运用科学的研究方法构建一个比较完整、合理、实效性强的刑事侦查绩效评估指标体系,充实完善刑事侦查绩效评估的理论,填补实践应用空白。     

浅析开发区绩效评估的问题与对策

在中国开发区目前的绩效评估中存在评估指标体系的平面化、评估主体的单一化和评估环境的滞后化等问题,对此,我们需要从优化开发区政府绩效评估指标体系、推行评估主体的社会化改革以及从规范政府评估行为入手清理评估环境这三个方面予以完善。     

基于熵值权的企业环境业绩模糊综合评价方法研究

企业的环境业绩已经直接或间接地影响投资者对企业财务业绩和财务风险的评估。从财务绩效的视角出发,构建了适合制造企业的环境业绩综合评价指标体系,并利用熵值权及模糊综合评价方法对一家已通过ISO9000和ISO14000标准体系认证的制造企业A的环境业绩进行了综合评估和结果分析。     

我国城市供水绩效指标体系演变与发展

近年来,我国城市供水绩效评估工作取得很大进展,城市供水绩效指标体系不断完善与发展。文章梳理了近十年一些学者构建的城市绩效指标体系以及我国城市供水绩效指标体系的最新发展,深入分析了我国城市供水绩效指标体系演变与发展过程中呈现的特点与趋势,最后针对我国城市供水绩效指标体系以后的修订方向提出了建议,为今后此领域的研究工作提供参考。     

基于PSR模型的区域环境绩效评估研究——以天津市为例

通过"压力-状态-响应"模型系统分析构建了由城市生态系统活力、环境质量、资源利用效率、污染控制、环保基础设施建设、气候变化、环境治理7大指标类别组成的4层次的天津市环境绩效评估指标体系,测算了2006～2010年间天津市的环境绩效指数。研究结果表明,天津市环境绩效在逐步改进,在其环境质量、资源利用效率、污染控制、环保基础设施等方面的绩效水平有大幅提高。天津的环境绩效水平主要由城市生态系统活力、环境质量与资源利用效率这三项指标主导。     

A theory of social license when regulatory pressure is jointly produced by an EPA and an NGO

We develop a model in which social pressure on a firm to behave well is jointly produced by a state regulator (EPA) and an NGO. The EPA and NGO differ in how they trade-off business versus environmental interests and also have access to different instruments in pursuit of their objectives. In particular, while the EPA will typically have the tools for detecting misbehaviour, the NGO can influence the intensity of social hostility directed towards those found to have misbehaved. EPA and NGO efforts may be strategic complements or substitutes, depending upon circumstances. We present a taxonomy of outcomes in the game between EPA and NGO in the spirit of Fudenberg and Tiroles’s (Am Econ Rev Pap Proc 74(2):361–366, 1984) classic taxonomy of business strategies. We also consider strategic delegation from NGO supporters to an NGO that has tastes over environmental and business interests different to their own.     

The role of market forces in EPA enforcement activity

As corporate concern regarding environmental issues grows, recent studies have debated the stock market's role as an enforcer of environmental regulation. We examine stock market reactions to EPA judicial actions on a sample of publicly traded firms from 1972–91. Specifically, we find that (a) there is a significant decline of 0.43% in violator firm value during the week of settlement; (b) the market penalty is unrelated to fine size, (c) more pronounced for citations under the Clean Air Act, (d) for repeat violators, and (e) for more recent EPA actions. These stock market reactions appear to reinforce the intent of EPA enforcement efforts.Funding from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (Grant #818496-01-0) is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to thank John Dennis, Tom Adams, V. Denise Saunders, and Robert Papetti for helpful discussions and Bill Lewellen for his insightful comments. The research assistance of Dan Hillis, Nick Wade, and Chris Munger was invaluable. Suggestions by anonymous referees at this journal have greatly improved this paper.     

The appeal of voluntary environmental programs: which firms participate and why?

Why do firms participate in the EPA's voluntary environmental programs? Possible reasons include: (1) to appeal to consumers who demand ‘green’ products; (2) to preempt government regulation; (3) to seek regulatory relief from the agency; and (4) to gain a competitive advantage over competitors. This article examines the determinants of participation in voluntary environmental programs, focusing on testing hypotheses 1 and 3. To test 2, a different approach is used than in previous literature. The focus is on a specified universe of firms (manufacturing firms in the Standard & Poor 500), and their participation in each of three EPA voluntary programs (33/50, Green Lights, and WasteWi$) referring to differently regulated pollutants is analyzed. Our empirical analyses reveal that (1) publicity is an important component of participation; (2) the worse the environmental track record of the firm, the more likely the firm is to participate, but only in programs directly related to highly regulated pollutants; and (3) firms that scrutinize their environmental performance more carefully are wary of newer programs with uncertain reach of the public and uncertain benefits. Firms appear to value the information/technology transfer aspect of joining a program.     

Can consumers enforce environmental regulations? The role of the market in hazardous waste compliance

We examine the U.S. hazardous waste management industry to assess the role that consumers play in encouraging environmental compliance. We first examine whether environmental performance affects consumer demand and find that noncompliance does decrease demand, at least in the short term. Next we consider whether market characteristics affect compliance behavior. While we do not find evidence that market size affects behavior, local competition does appear to increase compliance. However, as competition becomes less localized, it has a smaller effect. Finally, regardless of the pressures exerted by consumers to comply, commercial managers are less likely to be in compliance than on-site managers. For example, President Bush’s 2006 budget request for EPA significantly cut funding to the states who are responsible for over 95% of environmental inspections (ECOS, 2005). At the federal level, the number of positions for compliance monitoring decreased by over 17% from FY 2001 to FY 2003 (U.S. GAO, 2002).     

The Use (and Abuse) of Meta-Analysis in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: An Assessment

Motivated by the 2006 report of a Work Group appointed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), this paper examines the present state of meta-analysis in environmental economics and offers recommendations for its future use. To this end we summarize and assess 140 meta-analyses from 125 published and unpublished studies, covering 17 topical categories in environmental and resource economics. First, we provide several generic meta-analysis models as reference points and discuss major estimation issues. Five econometric issues are identified as part of a complete analysis: (1) sample selection criteria; (2) basic data summary; (3) primary data heterogeneity; (4) heteroskedasticity; and (5) non-independence of multiple observations from primary studies. Second, a tabular summary is presented for the 140 meta-analyses with respect to estimation methods. Third, a narrative summary is presented for 19 meta-analyses, including the three value-of-statistical-life studies examined by the EPA Work Group and one analysis from each of 16 other categories. Fourth, we offer a set of “best practice” guidelines for future meta-analyses in this and other areas of economics. Last, the paper comments on the use of meta-analytic methods for benefit transfers of environmental values.      

政治关联、利益交换与地方政府环境业绩评价

由于政治关联的存在,地方政府与部分具有政治关联的被规制企业易形成利益共同体,从而损害第三方居民的利益,甚至引发环境事件。建立地方政府的环境业绩评价体系是解决这一问题的有效方式之一。分析地方政府、被规制企业与居民三者之间利益交换关系,从生态权益、环境质量与环境治理三个维度构建的地方政府环境业绩评价体系,可以全面反映地区生态环境情况,从而提高地方环境管理业绩,改善地方环境,并为评价地方政府环境业绩提供了有效参考。     

农村环境治理绩效审计的作用机制与实施路径

农村环境治理是实施乡村振兴战略的重要举措,实施农村环境治理绩效审计是推进环境治理体系和治理能力现代化建设的重要内容之一。目前农村环境治理存在着投资大、周期长、涉及面广、收效缓等问题,亟需开展农村环境治理绩效审计以提升农村环境治理绩效。本文基于农村环境治理全流程,把农村环境治理绩效审计的主要内容分为农村环境政策审计、农村环境资金审计、农村环境项目审计和农村环境监管审计。然后从审计的预防、揭示和抵御功能分析了农村环境治理绩效审计的威慑、纠偏和反馈作用。在此基础上,提出了农村环境治理绩效审计的实施路径:加强审计处理与处罚力度,协同审计追责问责;聚焦审计整改与纠偏控制,统筹审计资源技术;完善审计建议与公开制度,构建审计评估机制。     

互惠视角下制造企业环境绩效提升方法设计

在论证高互惠关系对制造企业环境绩效具有重要作用的基础上，揭示制造企业生态互惠通过促进资源循环利用和加速绿色知识技术共享两种方式改善环境绩效。同时，构建了基于互惠的制造企业环境绩效提升方法，包含明确生态互惠空间、寻找并确定生态互惠对象集、判断生态互惠程度、签订协议与构建生态互惠关系等。研究结论可为制造企业利用外部互惠关系改善环境绩效提供理论与方法支持。     

电子废弃物回收处理系统环境绩效评估方法及应用

基于生命周期工具,从物质代谢效率和生态环境效益两方面建立了电子废弃物回收处理系统的环境绩效评估指标与方法,并以废弃手机为研究对象,分析现阶段我国回收处理系统的环境绩效水平及其改进潜力。结果显示,废弃手机回收处理系统在物质代谢效率指标方面表现出较好的绩效水平,但在生态环境效益方面尚存进一步优化的空间。通过情景设置开展优化分析结果表明:生产者主导回收情景在各项环境绩效指标上均略有改进;区域产业链配套情景下运输距离的减少仅对人体健康改善指标起到优化效果;鼓励部件再使用情景和先进资源化技术情景可显著提升废弃手机回收处理系统的环境绩效,前者优化效果主要表现在生态环境效益指标上,后者优化效果更均衡。