控股股东股权质押对债券信用利差的作用机理——基于断点回归的证据

近年来,控股股东股权质押风险成为资本市场面临的一个突出问题.在债券市场的信用风险日益受到重视的背景下,研究控股股东股权质押风险如何影响债券投资者行为显得尤为重要.本文基于我国2007～2018年公司债券和控股股东股权质押数据,采用断点回归的方法研究了控股股东股权质押对公司债券信用利差的影响.结果发现,公司股价触及控股股东股权质押警戒线后,公司债券的信用利差跳跃式上升;上述信用利差的"跳跃"仅存在于安全性较高的债券中.进一步研究发现,在跌破警戒线后的平仓线附近,信用利差不再跳跃式上升;良好的信息环境并不会抑制信用利差的跳跃式上升.这些结果排除了信息传递假说和隐瞒信息假说,支持了局部思维假说.本文揭示了控股股东股权质押对债券信用利差的作用机理,对于抑制股票市场向债券市场传导风险具有重要价值.     

我国国债市场的流动性分析

<正>2007年美国次贷危机引发全球资本市场调整,美国国债利率与其他信用类产品利差不断扩大,显示出国债稳定金融市场和避险的功能,国债开始重新引起投资者的重视。国债市场的流动性对于货币和债券市场发展至关重要,高流动性的国债市场可以降低发债成本,更有利于缓冲国际     

企业社会责任的公司债券市场定价

院文章利用2007年-2012年间我国公司债券发行相关数据,研究企业社会责任是否影响公司债券的定价.研究发现在控制其他变量的情况下,企业社会责任能够显著的降低公司债券信用利差,企业社会责任得分高的公司其公司债券信用评级更高,企业社会责任能够提高公司债券的市场定价.同时我们的研究结论对公司管理层和债券投资者具有很好的借鉴意义.     

海外经营、东道国风险与债券发行利差——来自中国公司债券市场的经验证据

伴随“走出去”程度的加深,中国跨国企业的东道国风险敞口越来越大,这将如何影响跨国企业的债务融资成本是值得探讨的重要问题。本文基于海外子公司的国家分布,利用国际国家风险指数（ICRG）,刻画中国上市跨国企业的东道国风险暴露及其对公司债券发行信用利差的影响。研究结果显示,东道国风险上升将显著提高中国上市跨国企业发行债券时的信用利差,表明企业付出了更多融资成本以补偿债券投资者对企业海外业务高风险的担忧。从风险分拆来看,东道国政治、经济和金融风险上升都会在不同程度上显著提高信用利差。进一步研究表明,企业具有国有背景、海外经营经验丰富以及东道国与中国关系越“近”,越有助于调节东道国风险对债券发行利差的负面影响。     

管理者过度自信与公司债二级市场信用利差

在债券刚性兑付被打破以及债券违约日益常态化的背景下,党中央高度重视债券市场的健康发展,债券信用利差影响因素值得关注和研究。从行为金融的角度,以中国上市公司在2007—2018年间所有公开发行的公司债券为初始样本,探讨了管理者过度自信对公司债券信用利差的影响。实证结果表明:管理者过度自信与债券信用利差显著正相关,且正相关关系仅存在于非国有企业和管理者权力更强的企业中。结论丰富了管理者过度自信和债券信用利差影响因素的相关文献,对上市公司治理以及监管部门政策制定具有一定的借鉴意义。     

短期融资券发行利差风险结构探析——基于Z值模型的计量

从违约风险和流动性风险的角度,实证分析我国短期融资券发行利差的风险结构.计量结果显示,违约风险是我国短期融资券发行利差的决定性因素,流动性风险虽然是一个重要因素,然而并非决定性的.如果把实际的发行利差与通过Merton模型估计出的发行利差进行相比,就可发现Merton模型存在低估利差的问题.这说明Merton模型不仅没有考虑流动性风险,而且可能对违约风险也无法充分定价.     

高质量审计师与家族企业债券信用利差

利用2008—2020年A股上市家族企业发行的公司债券数据，从审计治理效应的角度研究在债券存续期内高质量审计师对家族企业债券信用利差的影响。研究发现：在家族企业中，来自“十大”会计师事务所的审计师和具有行业专长的审计师能降低债券信用利差，这种降低作用是通过降低企业信息风险、抑制控股家族侵占行为实现的。异质性分析结果表明，在控制权和现金流权分离程度高、机构投资者参与治理程度低的家族企业中，高质量审计师与债券信用利差之间的负向关系更为显著。结论从审计治理效应的角度丰富了有关家族企业公司治理的理论研究。     

信用衍生产品的作用机理及在我国发展的思考

通过研究了衍生品市场上主要的几种信用衍生品,并以次贷危机为背景分析其风险作用机理,最后就我国推进信用衍生品发展提出了建议。     

浅谈企业的信用管理

从实质上来讲,波及日本、欧盟、美国的金融市场的次贷危机是信用管理上的危机。在我国宏观经济存在下行压力的影响下,企业的信用环境出现了改变,持续增加了信用交易的规模。然而,不少企业的信用管理依旧不够先进,存在一些风险。为此,本文阐述了企业缺少信用的原因以及强化企业信用管理的策略。     

11超日债违约带给中国公司债券市场的思考

2014年3月4日11超日债宣布无法到期支付本息提醒人们必须重视政府扶持下公司债券的刚性兑付将有可能不再存在,必须认真重视债券的违约风险,而不是之前的无风险债券。从我国企业债券市场发展的现状研究,可以看出我国企业债券市场发展受到政府、产权制度、债券流动性和信用评级机构等方面的约束,只有采取积极有效的应对措施才能促进我国公司债券市场的健康快速发展。     

The interest rate spreads in the Czech Republic: Different loans,different determinants?

We analyze the determinants of interest rate spreads of different loan categories in the Czech Republic during 2004–2011. We employ a detailed bank supervisory dataset that allows us to construct the actual spreads for four loan categories, namely small and large corporate loans, consumer loans and mortgages, on a monthly basis. Our regression analysis shows that bank and macroeconomic characteristics matter more for setting the spreads for small corporate loans and mortgages rather than for large corporate loans and consumer loans. Interest rate risk determines the spreads for all loan categories. The global financial crisis has, to a certain extent, increased the responsiveness of spreads to interest rate risk and liquidity risk.     

中国企业债券特征与风险补偿

利率风险、信用风险、流动性风险是债券市场上常见的风险类型,而债券的特征可以直接或间接地反映这些风险。本文通过分析中国企业债券市场上的债券发行量、已发行时间、债券期限、息票利率、收益率波动性、久期、凸性、到期收益率等债券特征对债券定价的影响,实证检验这些债券特征与债券风险及风险补偿的关系。本文的分析结论认为,这些债券特征显著地影响企业债券的定价,它们与利率风险、信用风险和流动性风险有显著关系,其中对企业债券信用风险的影响最大。流动性风险未被合理定价,低流动性债券未能获得显著的风险补偿。     

“次贷危机”背景下沪港股市溢出效应研究

文章对美国"次贷危机"爆发后沪港股票市场在波动性与流动性方面的溢出效应进行实证研究。研究结果表明,随着次贷危机的蔓延与深化,沪港股市的波动性溢出与流动性溢出呈现不同特征。在危机初期,仅存在上海股市流动性单向溢出到香港市场;在危机后期,香港市场的流动性与波动性均单向溢出到上海市场。     

Modeling non-normal corporate bond yield spreads by copula

This research focuses on modeling for how corporate bond yield spreads are affected by explanatory variables such as equity volatility, interest rate volatility, r, slope, rating, liquidity, coupon rate, and maturity. The existing literature assumes normality and linearity in the analysis, which is not the case in our sample. Thus, through a powerful and flexible copula approach, we study the dependence at the mean of the joint distribution by using the Gaussian copula marginal regression method and the dependence structure at the tails by using various copula functions. To our knowledge, this is the first application of the copula marginal regression model to bond market data. In addition, we employ several copula functions to test for the tail dependence between yield spreads and other explanatory variables. We find stronger tail dependence in the joint upper tail for the relation between equity volatility and yield spreads, among others. This result indicates the positive effect of equity volatility on yield spreads in the upper tail is greater than that in the low tail. This finding should be useful to practitioners, such as investors. By relying on better-fitting, more meaningful statistical models, this paper contributes to the extant literature on how corporate bond yield spreads are determined.     

Downside risk and defaultable bond returns

This paper analyzes the influence of downside risk on defaultable bond returns. By introducing a defaultable bond-trading model, we show that the decline in market risk tolerance and information accuracy leads to trading loss under downside conditions. Our empirical analysis indicates that downside risk can explain a large proportion of the variation in yield spreads and contains almost all valid information on liquidity risk. As the credit level decreases, the explanatory power of downside risk increases significantly. We also investigate the predictive power of downside risk in cross-sectional defaultable bond excess returns using a portfolio-level analysis and Fama-MacBeth regressions. We find that downside risk is a strong and robust predictor for future bond returns. In addition, due to the higher proportion of abnormal transactions in the Chinese bond market, downside risk proxy semi-variance can better explain yield spreads and predict portfolio excess returns than the proxy value at risk.     

Applications of machine learning for corporate bond yield spread forecasting

This article considers nine different predictive techniques, including state-of-the-art machine learning methods for forecasting corporate bond yield spreads with other input variables. We examine each method’s out-of-sample forecasting performance using two different forecast horizons: (1) the in-sample dataset over 2003–2007 is used for one-year-ahead and two-year-ahead forecasts of non-callable corporate bond yield spreads; and (2) the in-sample dataset over 2003–2008 is considered to forecast the yield spreads in 2009. Evaluations of forecasting accuracy have shown that neural network forecasts are superior to the other methods considered here in both the short and longer horizon. Furthermore, we visualize the determinants of yield spreads and find that a firm’s equity volatility is a critical factor in yield spreads.     

企业债务期限结构配置及其治理对策——湘火矩汽车股份案例

本文认为,债务期限结构错配是我国许多高速扩张企业出现流动性财务危机的主要原因之一,但在现有商业银行信贷期限结构错配和企业债券市场不发达的金融背景约束下,我国企业很难通过增加长期债务的方式来改变债务期限与资产期限错配的问题,唯有通过降低财务杠杆的方法来降低流动性风险。在现有金融市场条件下,企业现实的选择是债务期限结构错配和低财务杠杆,不能采用高财务杠杆方式来实现企业的高速增长,否则很容易陷入财务困境。     

A vector-autoregression analysis of credit and liquidity factor dynamics in US LIBOR and Euribor swap markets

We use a vector autoregressive approach to investigate the determinants of US Dollar LIBOR and Euribor swap spread variation during the 2007–2009 crisis in global credit and money markets. Using market-quoted yield and spread data from the highly liquid credit default swap (CDS) and overnight index swap (OIS) markets, we provide compelling empirical evidence that liquidity risk factor shocks have been the dominant drivers of the variation in swap spreads over this period. Our findings provide an explanation for the temporal differences that liquidity shocks have on swap spreads and provide a contemporary perspective on the dynamical interplay between credit-default and liquidity risk-factors in these markets. As all our risk-factor proxies are traded in liquid derivatives markets, our findings have implications for proprietary hedge fund traders hedging an exposure to swap-spread risk, for bank treasurers managing their liquidity requirements and for central bankers seeking to better understand the response of markets to their macroeconomic policy implementation and liquidity management actions. Indeed our markets-based analysis suggests that the European Central Bank (ECB) has underperformed relative to the Federal Reserve in terms of the differing levels of market confidence placed in its macroeconomic policy actions and remedial liquidity interventions during the period.     

欧债危机冲击我国股票与债券市场的风险传染研究？

欧债危机对金融市场产生了显著的冲击,引发了巨大的风险。本文通过构建二元GARCH-BEKK模型,实证检验了欧债危机背景下欧洲股票市场、我国股票市场、国债市场与企业债市场之间的波动溢出效应,揭示了欧债危机冲击我国股票市场、国债市场与企业债市场的风险传染路径。实证表明,欧债危机冲击我国股票市场与债券市场的风险传导路径为：欧债危机引发的风险通过欧洲股票市场传导到我国股票市场,然后传导到企业债市场,最后传导到国债市场。     

Quoted spreads and trade imbalance dynamics in the European Treasury bond market

Using high-frequency transaction data for the three largest European markets (France, Germany and Italy), this paper documents the existence of an asymmetric relationship between market liquidity and trading imbalances: when quoted spreads rise (fall) and liquidity falls (increases) buy (sell) orders tend to prevail. Risk-averse market-makers, with inventory-depletion risk being their main concern, tend to quote wider (narrower) spreads when they think bond appreciation is more (less) likely to occur. It is also found that the probability of being in a specific regime is related to observable bond market characteristics, stock market volatility, macroeconomic releases and liquidity management operations of the monetary authorities.