不容忽视的美国召回制度对中国服装出口的影响

美国消费品安全委员会(CPSC)依据消费品安全法案,对危害消费者安全的消费品实施召回制度,以保护消费者免受不安全产品的伤害。近年来,中国服装出口美国屡屡受到CPSC的召回,由于召回报告详细描述了召回商品的名称、品牌、伤情及事故报告、召回原因和召回数量等信息,已对中国服装出口美国产生了一定的影响,并有可能成为中国服装出口的又一项新的限制手段,应引起国内服装行业和企业的高度重视。     

310新消费者权益保护法视角下的产品召回制度研究

新《消费者权益保护法》(下文简称"新消法")与《缺陷消费品召回管理办法》之诞生先后在一般消费品领域内明确产品召回制度。笔者通过文献资料法及分析比较法对其进行研究,发现新制度之下的产品召回制度在法律位阶、主体、对象、程序等方面已然更加科学合理;但另一方面,围绕产品召回制度的争议并未因此停止,新制度规定之概括与片面仍将产品召回制度置于实践难的桎梏之下。     

各国产品召回制度初探

相对于传统的消费者权益保障制度,产品召回制度由于其制度设计上的先进性而获得了全球多数国家的广泛认可,并在发达国家成功运行了40余年。通过探讨学习美国、欧盟等发达国家和地区的产品召回制度发现。我国应健全产品召回的法律法规体系和产品安全风险评价制度,完善产品安全信息平台和产品安全风险预誓制度。从而切实保护我国的消费者免受缺陷产品的伤害。     

预警

美国·咖啡壶 美国CPSC对中国产咖啡壶实施召回 5月20日,美国消费品安全委员会（CPSC）与沃尔玛百货公司（Walmart StoresInc.）联合宣布对中国产General Electric牌12杯数控咖啡壶实施自愿性召回。     

资讯

Warning预警美国·咖啡壶美国CPSC对中国产咖啡壶实施召回5月20日,美国消费品安全委员会(CPSC)与沃尔玛百货公司(Walmart StoresInc.)联合宣布对中国产General Electric     

信息平台

美国CPSC对中国产户外燃气烤炉实施召回 近日,美国消费品安全委员会与Sagittarius Sporing Goods公司联合宣布对中国产5炉头户外燃气烤炉实施自愿性召回。     

聚焦汽车产品召回制度

我国缺陷汽车产品召回制度今年10月1日实施2004年9月27日新华网我国缺陷汽车产品召回制度将于今年10月1日正式实施。这之前,今年3月15日国家质检总局曾颁布《缺陷汽车产品召回管理规定》,8月2日发布了4个配套的实施细则,即《缺陷汽车产品召回信息系统管理办法》、《缺陷汽车产品召回专家库建立与管理办法》、《缺陷汽车产品调查和认定实施办法》和《缺陷汽车产品检测与实验监督管理办法》。按照汽车召回的有关规定,汽车制造商一旦确认产品有缺陷,不得以其他方式(如宣称“优惠服务”等)解决产品缺陷问题。必须按照召回法规的规定,严格按程序…     

浅议我国产品召回制度

一、产品召回制度的定义 所谓产品召回制度,一般是指,如果产品存在缺陷而有危害产品使用者的人身、财产安全的情况,产品的生产者或者销售者自行或经他人通知发现这一情况,经营者应主动将此具有危险的商品回收,以免使消费者权益和社会公共利益遭受损害;如果经营者发现该危险．但却不加以处理．此时相关主管机关可强制经营者回收商品。产品召回制度对保护消费者而言,其最大的优势在于可以在损害发生之前要求经营者将危险防患于未然,而不是事后的补偿。     

美国产品召回制度及其启示

这是作者去年赴美培训3个月后完成的一篇研究成果。系统介绍了美国产品召回制度,文中所引资料几乎都是第一手的英文资料。在探寻整规工作标本兼治之道,实现打防结合之中以防为主的长效机制时,工商部门有必要尽快研究产品召回这种有很好预防作用的制度。因此,此文对美国产品召回制度成败的详尽介绍,可为读者参考。     

信息平台

美国CPSC对中国产咖啡机实施召回近日,美国消费品安全委员会与Applica Consumer Products Inc联合宣布对中国产Black & Decker SpacemakerTM12杯数控咖啡机实施自愿性召回。召回原因为,该咖啡壶的把手易断裂,有划伤使用者的危险。     

完善产品召回制度是我国实施“出口强国”战略的重要举措

近期，有关中国出口产品被国外召回的事件闹得沸沸扬扬，引发了“中国制造”危机论。尽管我国出口产品被召回只占极少部分，某些人有意诋毁中国产品，但目前我国出效益低下，国外反倾销的案例逐年增加是不争的事实。因此，从制度上规范我国出口产品的生产，提高质量、档次，使出口产品从以廉取胜到以质取胜就显得非常必要。产品召回制度正是我国实施“出口强国”战略的重要举措。     

论产品召回制度中的威慑机制

随着消费者维权意识的加强,产品召回制度这一西方“泊来品”逐渐进入了大众的视野,并成为一个备受关注的社会热点问题。从已出台的相关法规看,我国立法者在设计召回制度时,没有赋予足够的威慑力保障其实施,政府应履行监督职能,强化法律的全程监督,以利于我国产品质量立法的完善。     

Product specialization in international trade: A further investigation

In an influential paper, Schott [Schott. Peter K. (2004). “Across-product versus within-product specialization in international trade.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119 (2): 647–678] makes two empirical observations about U.S. imports. (1) The United States is increasingly sourcing the same product (however narrowly defined) from both developed and developing countries. That is, ‘across-product specialization’ has been decreasing. (2) The unit values of these multiple-sourced products are positively and significantly correlated with the capital and skill abundance of exporters and with the capital–labor ratios used by exporters. That is, endowments-driven ‘within-product specialization’ has been increasing. We show that both these observations extend to the imports of Brazil, India and Japan. However, our main finding is that observation (1) is largely driven by two factors. First, China is the dominant low-wage exporter of multiple-sourced products. Second, the most developed countries remain the primary exporters of multiple-sourced products. The U.S. case is the most extreme of our four importers: When China is deleted from the U.S. import data there is no trend in across-product specialization and rich exporters are increasing their trade share of multiple-sourced products. Since deleting China has no theoretical justification, these results must be viewed not as a contradiction of Schott's work but as a way of deepening our understanding of his empirical results.     

中国农产品贸易现状及对策分析

农产品贸易是我国对外贸易的重要组成部分,加快农产品贸易的发展至关重要。近年来,我国农产品贸易的总体规模不断扩大,不仅在总量上取得了巨大的成就,在出口额和进口额方面也是名列世界前茅,但还存在出口深加工和技术创新不足、附加值低、非关税壁垒严重、出口管理体制不完善等问题。我国应加快建立农产品加工管理体系,加大农产品质量标准体系建设力度,完善农产品出口管理体制,从而更好的适应现代农产品贸易的国际环境,促进其在国际市场的进一步发展。     

A Cross-Country Investigation of Recall of and Attitude toward Comparative Advertising

Abstract

The author reports the results of an exploratory study of cross-country differences in recall of and attitude toward comparative advertising. As American companies are increasingly advertising their products in other countries, the issue of cross-country differences in comparative advertising effectiveness is very important. The study found that although recall of comparative ads was high, consumer attitudes toward comparative ads was not very positive, especially in countries where comparative ads are not widely used or are used rarely. Therefore, comparative ads should be targeted at other countries with caution.     

The Corporate Social Responsibility of Pharmaceutical Product Recalls: An Empirical Examination of U.S. and U.K. Markets

The pressure on companies to practice corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained momentum in recent times as a means of sustaining competitive advantage in business. The pharmaceutical industry has been acutely affected by this trend. While pharmaceutical product recalls have become rampant and increased dramatically in recent years, no comprehensive study has been conducted to study the effects of announcements of recalls on the shareholder returns of pharmaceutical companies. As product recalls could significantly damage a company’s reputation, profitability and brand integrity, this paper investigates the effect on shareholder wealth and the extent to which the adoption of CSR practices by pharmaceutical companies in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and the United States (U.S.), the two largest markets for pharmaceutical products in the world, affected market reactions surrounding product recall announcements. The analysis of product recall announcements from 1998 to 2004 compiled from The Pharmaceutical Journal and U.S. Food and Drug Administration enforcement reports revealed marked differences in the way market participants in the two countries responded to news of product recalls. U.S. investors penalised firms according to the severity of product defects while U.K. investors were indifferent. While U.K. investors rewarded product recalls by firms which were not usually CSR-active, U.S. investors punished non-CSR active firms that performed recalls. These observations could pose strategic challenges to pharmaceutical firms operating in both countries. Jeremy Cheah is an Assistant Professor of Finance at Nottingham University Business School, Malaysia Campus. His research interests lie in the area of applied corporate finance and investment management. Wen Li Chan was an Advocate and Solicitor in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia before assuming the post of University Teacher in Information Systems and Strategy at Nottingham University Business School, Malaysia Campus. She is currently investigating the roles and implications of information on firm valuation, particularly in the area of corporate cyber-litigation and corporate social responsibility. Corinne Chieng is a Corporate Executive at Star Publications (M) Berhad, Malaysia. She has previously worked as a tax consultant at Arthur Andersen Malaysia. Her research interests include the financial implications of corporate social responsibility on the valuation of firms.     

园艺产品输美面临的“合规性”贸易壁垒分析

研究美国对我国输美园艺产品发起的调查案件,发现:当前我国输美园艺产品遭遇的"合规性"贸易壁垒主要集中在反倾销和技术性贸易壁垒方面,但随着贸易的发展,面临的反倾销和保障措施的压力也在加剧。为此,建议企业和政府在应对"合规性"贸易壁垒中应该有进一步作为。     

我国商业银行个人住房抵押贷款风险分析——美国次贷危机对我国的启示

当中国的个人贷款发展如火如荼的时候,美国的次级债市场却危机四伏,并蔓延开来。观察美国次级贷款危机,对比一下中国的住房抵押贷款市场,有很多值得吸取的教训和值得借鉴的经验,加强对个人住房抵押贷款风险的防范十分必要。当前的主要任务是积累和完善数据资源,建立和提高个人住房抵押贷款风险管理的定量化分析技术水平,以便定量评估具有中国持征的个人住房抵押贷款的风险度。此外,还要强化对个人住房抵押贷款风险管理的政策支持,并将住房从完全市场化回归民生本质。     

Regulatory Oversight or Lack of Foresight? Implications for Product Recall Policies and Procedures

The regulatory effectiveness, the impact on industry and consumers of product withdrawal and the associated wider issues relating to crisis management represent an under-researched area. The authors describe the mid-2003 government-ordered withdrawal of almost 2,000 complementary and alternative medicines, across multiple brand names, in Australia and New Zealand. The report is based on an examination of the media coverage of the event and on interviews with key informants in manufacturing and retailing and the regulatory system. This massive, multi-brand recall provides an opportunity to examine the effectiveness and efficiency of the management of a cross-border withdrawal from regulatory and consumer policy perspectives and makes recommendations for the management of future recall events. Lynne Eagle is Professor of Marketing, Middlesex University Business School, The Burroughs Hendon, London NW4 4BT, England; Fax: +020-8411-5357; E-mail: l.eagle@mdx.ac.uk. Lawrence C. Rose is Head of Department and Professor of Finance, Department of Commerce, Massey University (Auckland), Private Bag 102-904 North Shore Mail Centre, New Zealand; Fax: +64-9-441-8177; E-mail: l.c.rose@massey.ac.nz. Philip J. Kitchen is Professor of Strategic Marketing, The Business School, University of Hull, Hull, UK HU6 7RX; Fax: +44-0-1482-466637; E-mail: p.j.kitchen@hull.ac.uk. Jacinta Hawkins is an Assistant Lecturer, Department of Commerce, Massey University (Auckland), Private Bag 102-904 North Shore Mail Centre, New Zealand; Fax: +64-9-441-8177; E-mail: j.hawkins@massey.ac.nz.     

A New Viewpoint on Nudes in Advertising and Brand Recall

Despite research findings' that scantily-clad or even nude models in advertisements do not improve brand recall of the products advertised, marketers continue to employ nudity in their advertising. In recent years males as well as females have been used as models. Since current research reflects only the effectiveness of female nudity for brand recall among male audiences, this study was conducted to see what happens when those roles are reversed. Findings did not replicate those of previous studies which indicated a reverse correlation between increased nudity and brand recall. Both male and female audiences demonstrated increased brand recall as the model's nudity was increased.