作为范例的LIBOR

LIBOR,英文London InterBank Offered Rate的缩写,即伦敦银行同业拆放利率。按照《路透金融词典》的解释,LIBOR指伦敦银行同业市场拆借短期资金(隔夜至一年)的利率,代表国际货币市场的拆借利率,是最常用的短期利率基准之一,可作为贷款或浮动利率票据的利率基准。     

我国短期利率序列均值过程和波动率过程的长期记忆性测度与检验

我们使用我国1996年1月至2008年6月期间的银行同业拆借利率,对我国利率均值过程及其波动过程的长期记忆性进行测度和检验。利用ARFIMA模型和FIGARCH模型的检验结果说明,我国利率序列的一阶矩中不存在长期记忆性,而二阶矩中存在显著的长期记忆性;进一步运用ARFIMA-FIGARCH模型对利率均值过程及其波动过程的双长期记忆性进行检验时发现,我国利率序列均值过程中不存在明显的长期记忆性,但波动率序列中存在非常显著且较强的长期记忆性特征;通过考虑Student-t分布进一步说明,我国利率序列中明显存在"尖峰厚尾"分布特征。     

前瞻性货币政策反应函数在我国货币政策中的检验

本文在泰勒等西方学者对货币政策反应函数研究的基础上,构造一个适合我国国情的前瞻性货币政策反应函数,从市场利率(同业拆借利率)、管制利率(存贷款利率)以及两者利差三个层次,通过该反应函数对我国货币政策的实证检验结果发现,一方面,该反应函数能够很好地描述同业拆借利率、存贷款利率和两者利差的具体走势,能够为我国货币政策的制定提供一个参考尺度,以衡量货币政策的松紧。另一方面,检验结果表明,三个层次的利率对预期通胀率和预期产出的反应绝大多数都不足,这说明,我国货币政策是一种内在不稳定的货币政策。     

“钱荒”愈演愈烈剑指经济转型

6月20日,银行间同业拆借隔夜利率暴涨让众多业内人士始料不及.当日开盘,银行间债券市场隔夜回购利率报10％,7天利率报12％,盘中隔夜回购最高成交在令人瞠目结舌的30％,7天回购利率最高达到28％,均刷新银行间历史记录. 银行间同业拆借利率同样涨幅惊人,早盘开始各大商业银行的同业市场交易部门就以10％以上的利率吸纳存款,11点半公布的隔夜利率暴涨578个基点,升至13.444％的历史新高,7天利率涨292.9个基点至11％.     

我国银行间同业拆借市场与股票市场价格互动性分析

在我国,股票市场一直被称为是＂资金市＂或＂政策市＂。以同业拆借市场和股票市场的价格为研究对象,运用协整检验、误差修正模型、Granger因果关系检验及脉冲响应函数等计量方法,对2002年以来我国的同业拆借市场上的隔夜利率与股票价格指数和股市收益率之间的关联性做了研究,结果表明,同业拆借利率与股票价格指数间不存在长短期的因果关系,也不存在协整关系;同业拆借利率与股市收益率之间存在协整关系,且前者是后者的Granger因。     

基于EGARCH模型的上海银行间同业拆放市场利率预测

本文构建EGARCH模型分析了2007年1月4日至2010年9月30日的上海银行间同业拆放市场的隔夜拆借利率,确定其具有时间序列非正态性、自相关和条件异方差的特点,并发现EGARCH模型对SHIBOR具有较好的拟合效果和一定的预测能力,从而确定了适合同业拆放市场的利率预测模型。     

货币存量与银行间同业拆借利率波动分析

2013年出现的银行间同业拆借利率暴涨再次凸显了货币存量对金融市场具有较强的冲击作用,银行等金融机构据此希望中央银行继续通过增加货币供应量来缓解资金短缺的现象,但在当前通胀预期较高的背景下,盲目的实行适度宽松甚至是宽松的货币政策无异于饮鸩止渴,如何权衡控制通胀与稳定金融市场成为摆在中央银行面前的两难抉择,文章正是在此背景下,通过全面的实证分析认为,同业拆借市场利率的波动更多是由市场预期导致的,而非现实中的货币存量大小。     

我国银行同业拆借利率效应研究

本文利用2002-2006年的月度样本数据对我国同业拆借市场各期限利率进行了相关分析与协整分析,在此基础上又进一步探讨了同业拆借利率与债券回购利率之间的关系.实证结果表明,目前同业拆借市场各期限利率的利率效应具有协同效果;同业拆借利率对债券回购利率有正的影响,但在央行不同的基准利率调整区间,回购利率对同业拆借利率影响并不相同,而且目前我国同业拆借利率市场化程度并不高.     

信贷利率向上波动是否会引致绿色企业逆向融资?——基于利率市场化与绿色企业特征双重视角

信贷利率向上波动是否会引致绿色企业逆向融资?本文基于我国利率市场化与绿色企业特征,构建市场化的信贷利率对绿色企业融资约束影响的理论模型,结果表明,市场化的信贷利率对绿色企业融资约束的影响存在负向关系,并采用信贷利率-资金量的市场供求理论对此结果做了验证.当信贷利率上升,会出现绿色企业融资约束变小,使得融资增加.市场化的信贷利率向上波动会引致绿色企业逆向融资.采用2012-2019年我国银行间同业拆借利利率(CHIBOR)一年期利率加权平均值及其标准差和上市绿色企业数据构建静态与动态面板模型分别进行实证检验,结果发现,市场化的信贷利率及其波动均对绿色企业融资增量有正向作用,即信贷利率向上波动及波动幅度变大均会引致绿色企业逆向融资.根据结论,提出我国绿色企业可持续发展的对策建议.     

基于区制转移模型的国内外同业拆借利率联动性研究

本文应用Markov区制转移模型对上海银行间同业拆借利率(SHIBOR)和伦敦银行间同业拆借利率(LIBOR)的非线性联动关系进行研究.结果表明,可以将SHIBOR划分为三种区制,即“弱波动”、“中波动”和“强波动”;这三种区制的自身持续性均较好,区制与区制之间的转移具有非对称性;在“弱波动”和“强波动”区制中,LIBOR正向影响SHIBOR,而在“中波动”区制中则为负向影响;LIBOR在“强波动”区制中的影响最强,而在“中波动”区制中的影响最弱.因此,应进一步加强对国际金融形势阶段性的合理判断,加强金融政策的前瞻性和有效性.     

Open Market Operations in Australia: A US Perspective*

This paper investigates open market operations in Australia and incorporates some key features of these operations into a simple rational expectations macroeconomic model Where relevant, comparisons with US operating procedures are made. The major finding is that the Reserve Bank of Australia like the Federal Reserve uses the overnight interest rate as its policy instrument However, specific features of the Australian money market imply that direct control of the interest rate will be a more efficient policy in Australia than in the United States.     

Identifying a Liquidity Effect in the Japanese Interbank Market

This article examines whether there was a liquidity effect in the Japanese interbank market for reserves during the period from January 4, 1996, to February 12, 1999. According to the standard martingale model, the only determinant of the overnight rate during the reserve maintenance period is the rate that is expected to prevail on the settlement day (the last day of the period), but this model ignores the fact that reserves are used for interbank payments. If overdraft costs are introduced into banks' reserve management problem, the overnight rate will also depend on what this paper calls the reserve surplus, which captures the liquidity effect of reserves. We identify the liquidity effect by exploiting two institutional features. First, the overnight rates observed in the morning are forward rates for a contract to be settled later in the day. Second, changes in reserves that are due to factors other than open market operations are rendered temporary through defensive operations by the Open Market Desk. We show that the liquidity effect can be identified from the regression of the spot-forward differential on these temporary liquidity shocks. Our estimates indicate that there was a liquidity effect, at least before the Yamaichi debacle of November 1997.     

T+1 trading mechanism causes negative overnight return

The T+1 trading mechanism is unique in the Chinese stock market, thus providing a natural experimental field to study the trading mechanism and price behaviors. This paper proposes and proves that T+1 trading mechanism causes negative overnight return, the overnight return can serve as a proxy of the T+1 trading mechanism. The paper finds that the overnight return of the Chinese stock market is significantly negative, whereas those under the T+0 trading mechanism, such as China’s stock index futures, Hong Kong stocks, and major international indices, all have around 0 or positive overnight returns. T+1 trading mechanism has greater impacts on stocks with more divergent investor opinions, higher risk, more individual investor percentages, higher arbitrage restrictions, and less liquidity. The T+1 trading mechanism distorts the price generation mechanism of stocks. The paper contributes to the understanding of impact of trading mechanism on stock prices.     

Cross-country differences in monetary policy execution and money market rates’ volatility

Volatility patterns in overnight interest rates display differences across industrial countries that existing models—designed to replicate the features of individual countries’ markets—cannot account for. This paper presents an equilibrium model of the overnight interbank market that matches cross-country differences in patterns in interest volatility by incorporating differences in how central banks manage liquidity in response to shocks. Our model is consistent with central banks’ practice of rationing access to marginal facilities when the objective of stabilizing short-term interest rates conflicts with another high-frequency objective, such as an exchange rate target.     

Overnight borrowing, interest rates and extreme value theory

We examine the dynamics of extreme values of overnight borrowing rates in an inter-bank money market before a financial crisis during which overnight borrowing rates rocketed up to (simple annual) 4000 percent. It is shown that the generalized Pareto distribution fits well to the extreme values of the interest rate distribution. We also provide predictions of extreme overnight borrowing rates using pre-crisis data. The examination of tails (extreme values) provides answers to such issues as to what are the extreme movements to be expected in financial markets; is there a possibility for even larger movements and, are there theoretical processes that can model the type of fat-tails in the observed data? The answers to such questions are essential for proper management of financial exposures and laying ground for regulations.     

SHOULD THERE BE INTRADAY MONEY MARKETS?

In this article, we consider the case for an intraday market for reserves. We discuss the separate roles of intraday and overnight reserves and argue that an intraday market could be organized in the same way as the overnight market. We present arguments in favor of and against a market for intraday reserves when the marginal cost of overnight reserves is positive. We also consider how reserves should be supplied when the cost of overnight reserves is zero. In that case, the distinction between overnight and intraday reserves becomes blurred, raising an important question: What is the role of the overnight market?(JEL E44, E58)     

基于格兰杰和GARCH模型对人民币即期与远期引导关系的研究

采用格兰杰分析方法对2011年6月27日至2013年12月31日期间共919对人民币兑美元境内远期、香港离岸远期对境内即期汇率的引导作用进行研究,结果表明,境内远期市场和香港离岸市场的部分远期汇率对境内即期汇率有引导作用。其次使用GARCH模型检验,两个远期市场对境内即期汇率都有一定的溢出效应,且期限越小的远期汇率溢出效应越明显,香港离岸市场比境内远期市场溢出效应更明显。     

Interest Rate Pass-Through: Empirical Results for the Euro Area

Abstract. This paper empirically examines the interest rate pass‐through at the euro area level. The focus is on the pass‐through of official interest rates, approximated by the overnight interest rate, to longer‐term market interest rates, which, in turn, are a proxy for the marginal costs for banks to attract deposits or grant loans, and therefore passed through to retail bank interest rates. Empirical results, on the basis of a (vector) error‐correction and vector autoregressive model, suggest that the pass‐through of official interest to market interest rates is complete for money market interest rates up to three months, but not for market interest rates with longer maturities. Furthermore, the immediate pass‐through of changes in market interest rates to bank deposit and lending rates is found to be at most 50%, whereas the final pass‐through is typically found to be close to 100%, in particular for lending rates. Empirical results for a sub‐sample starting in January 1999 show qualitatively similar findings and are supportive of a quicker interest rate pass‐through since the introduction of the euro. It is shown that the difference between the adjustment speed of bank deposit and lending rates (typically around one versus three months since the common monetary policy) can to a large extent significantly be explained by credit risk considerations.     

就业保护与劳动力市场绩效——基于跨国面板数据的实证分析

本文采用世界经济自由度指数和世界银行的世界发展指标,选取2002-2008年面板数据对就业保护的理论假说和经验分析进行了相应的验证。实证结果表明,就业保护提高了失业率,女性和青年受就业保护制度的影响程度更大;就业保护子指标对失业率的影响与理论估计一致,但显著性较低。其中,雇佣/解雇管制越低,失业率越低;法定解雇成本越高,失业率越低;服兵役时间越长,失业率越高;最低工资、集体协商、工时管制与失业率之间没有显著关系。就业保护问题的研究有助于改进我国的劳动立法,改善女性、青年的就业机会,提高就业率,发挥法律的增进市场效率的作用,为完善劳动力市场的运行机制提供理论支持。