试论合同定金纠纷的处理

本文对合同定金纠纷的处理进行了论述.     

MNE home country cultural norms and conflict strategy fit in transnational business contract disputes

The increasing frequency and complexity of transnational business relationships has been commensurate with an increase in contractual disputes. In such situations, home country cultural norms will often influence how MNEs resolve contractual disputes in foreign markets. This begs the question: does fit between an MNE's choice of conflict strategy and its home country cultural norms affect monetary payouts (costs) in transnational business contract disputes? We apply organizational imprinting theory and the fit paradigm to a model employing data from U.S. court cases involving 316 MNEs from 47 countries. We find that choosing a conflict strategy that fits home country cultural norms will result in higher monetary payouts for MNEs. Additionally, cultural distance, but not legal distance, enhances the positive relationship between MNE conflict strategy fit and monetary payouts. Implications and future research directions are discussed.     

国际货物贸易合同中常见的陷阱探析

国际贸易极其复杂,加之国际欺诈活动时有发生,若签订国际货物贸易合同时稍有不慎,就可能受骗上当,使企业遭受重大的经济损失.笔者以下对国际货物贸易合同中常见的陷阱合同条款进行分析并提出应对之策.     

国际货物贸易合同中常见的陷阱探析

国际贸易极其复杂,加之国际欺诈活动时有发生,若签订国际货物贸易合同时稍有不慎,就可能受骗上当,使企业遭受重大的经济损失.笔者以下对国际货物贸易合同中常见的陷阱合同条款进行分析并提出应对之策.     

小议国际货物买卖合同中的预期违约

国际货物买卖合同制度在<联合国国际货物销售合同公约)中有着重要和不可忽视的地位.而其中预期违约问题更为觉和复杂.国际货物买卖合同中的预期违约理论来源于英美法系,随着现代国际经济交往的发展,英蔓法律中的预期违约制度时大陆法系的合同立法产生了巨大影响,并在国际货物买卖合同发挥日益重要的作用.本文通过对预期违约的定义.构成要素,法律定位,产生后果和弥补方式对现代国际买卖合同的影响和现实评价的概述,来从宏观上了解该制度.     

严密国际买卖合同条款防止信用证欺诈

[案例] 某外贸公司与香港公司达成了一笔1019公吨镀锡铁皮和镀锌薄板,金额约20万美元的交易。支付条件为即期信用证,规定为2月和3月。不久,中国银行广州分行很快开出了信用证,规定了商品的名称和规格、数量、重量和装运期等。中国船运公司应托运人请求,向其发运了48个集装箱,供其装货和加封。3月24     

回眸中国"入市"之争

一、为什么要争取“入市”? 最近几个月,我国向所有重要贸易伙伴提出了承认中国市场经济性质的要求,6月3日美国商务部就中国市场经济地位问题举行听证会、6月底欧盟宣布对中国市场经济地位的初步评审结果先后将这场外交攻势推向高潮。     

浅谈工程施工合同管理

施工合同,是建设工程发包人和承包人必须共同遵守的法律性文件,也是双方必须履行的技术经济文件,文章根据目前工程施工市场的状况,说明了加强合同管理的必要性,分析了合同管理工作存在的问题,并提出了实施合同管理的有效措施,以提高合同管理水平.     

共化责任危机

"夹着批评的增长",3月13日公布的《TeliaSonera2012年度报告》中,TeliaSonera执行总裁兼首席执行官Per-Arne Blomquist如此总结2012年欧亚地区业务的进展状况. 欧洲第五大电信运营商和上市公司之外,国有控股是这家电信巨头的另一个身份"标签",其主要持股者为瑞典政府.2012年,欧亚地区实现14％的业务增长.其中,TeliaSonera 持股60％的塔吉克斯坦电信公司,占据36％的市场份额,成为该国最大的电信运营商.     

浅谈劳动合同的解除

劳动合同方面发生的大量争议,大多是由于解除合同而引起的.有的企业片面强调其用人"自主权",随意解除劳动合同,损害了劳动者的合法权益.同时,也不有少劳动者误解"择业自由",任意跳槽,甚至不辞而别,影响了企业劳动力的正常流动.因此,了解并切实执行有关劳动合同解除上的规定和制度,有助于理顺劳动关系,规范劳动合同管理,维护劳动关系双方的正当权益.     

Ethics of contract pricing

This study explores the legal and ethical issues associated with contract pricing. In particular, it focuses on a set of legal precedents which have addressed the enforceability of allegedly unfair contract prices. Traditionally, the common law has emphasized the consent of the parties. If the parties consented to a given price; it is presumptively fair and enforceable. The cases reviewed in this study, however, seem to draw upon alternative moral conceptions of fairness not normally associated with the common law. The analysis begins by distinguishing the traditional legal conception of fairness from alternative moral conceptions. The cases are then read with a critical eye so as to tease out the underlying principles which best explain them. The analysis illustrates that, notwithstanding judicial rhetoric to the contrary, the courts continue to employ the traditional legal notion of fairness, to the exclusion of alternative moral concerns. The study clarifies an otherwise murky area of the law and illustrates that the legal meaning of fairness differs greatly from the moral one.Daniel T. Ostas is an Assistant Professor at the College of Business and Management, University of Maryland. He holds both a J.D. and a Ph.D. A member of the Indiana Bar since 1980, Dr. Ostas has published several articles on real estate and antitrust law. This present paper derives, in part, from his dissertation entitledEconomic Logic of Unconscionability Adjudication.     

从北京车展看“战国纷争”

5月2日,第十一届北京国际车展落下了帷幕,首次在五一期间举办的车展创造了新的规模纪录。从区域车展到国际A级车展,北京国际车展用20年的时间终于开始引领汽车行业全球性话题。除了自主品牌大跨步启动国际化战略,越来越多的国际车企把目光聚焦到中国。作为全球范围内国际车展,北京车展不管是规模、参加公司的数量,还是每个公司带来的全新产品,特别是全球首发的产品拿到中国来展示,都是十分罕     

Resolving a Moral Conflict Through Discourse

Plato claimed that morality exits to control conflict. Business people increasingly are called upon to resolve moral conflicts between various stakeholders who maintain opposing ethical positions or principles. Attempts to resolve these moral conflicts within business discussions may be exacerbated if disputants have different communicative styles. To better understand the communication process involved in attempts to resolve a moral dilemma, we investigate the "discourse ethics" procedure of Jürgen Habermas. Habermas claims that an individual's level of moral reasoning parallels the type of communication which that individual typically uses in attempts to resolve conflict. Our research focuses upon the relationship between the communicative style used by participants attempting to resolve a particular moral dilemma involving workplace safety and the level of moral reasoning possessed by those participants. The results of our study suggest that, contrary to Habermas' views, participants with "higher" levels of moral reasoning do not use "discursive" communicative tactics more frequently than participants that possessed "lower" moral reasoning.     

产品测试中JAR问题的分析方法

产品测试研究中,经常需要消费对产品的感官属性进行评价,而人类通常对感官属性有一个最佳的适应点．例如：香味的浓淡程度,并不是香味越浓越好;甜味,也不是越甜越好。针对这种情况,在产品测试中,我们通常有两种方式来测度消费对某个属性的感受：     

Resolving identity ambiguity through transcending fandom

Identity construction involves accumulating cultural, social, and symbolic capital, with initial endowments being accrued through socialization into one’s habitus. This research explores the experiences of individuals that feel a lack of capital, which leads to ambiguity regarding their identities and places in the world. Through in-depth interviews, this interpretive research shows that such individuals may turn to fandom for gaining status and belonging. Fandoms are consumption fields with clear, limited forms of cultural capital. Through serial fandom and engagement with fandom in different ways, individuals were able to learn the skill of identifying and accruing relevant cultural capital. The skill became decontextualized and recontextualized, allowing individuals to transcend fandom and accrue general forms of cultural capital. Learning the skill aids individuals in dealing with the simultaneously debilitating and empowering freedom of contemporary consumer culture. Moreover, gaining cultural capital could be altogether developing into the form of the process we describe.