企业发展过程中的法律风险防范——以风险投资为例

风险投资是一种高风险、高收益的投资,在我国现阶段.风险投资适合什么产业?进行风险投资面临哪些技术及法律风险?企业能否在投资协议中约定风险投资者的优先权?如何通过完善公司治型结构来降低投资风险?针对这些疑问,本文对企业发展过程中的风险投资法律风险防范进行了研究。全文首先对企业发展过程中的风险投资法律风险防范的典型案例进行了分析,然后以此分析了企业发展过程中的风险投资法律风险,最后提出了企业发展过程中的风险投资的法律风险防范对策。     

论政府在发展我国风险投资中的支持作用

风险投资是一项伴随高风险、高收入的科学投资行为。从风险投资在我国这些年来的发展及国外的经验来看，在风险投资力量较弱、尚未形成一种事业时，如果政府能充分发挥其在风险投资中的扶持引导作用，给投资、投资管理人、创业家及风险资本的进入与退出更为宽松的政策环境，那么我国的风险投资业将会得到更快、更健康的发展。     

风险投资中的风险分析及防范策略

风险投资在我国近年来发展十分迅速,它对于促进我国高新技术产业的发展,推动产业结构调整、优化资本配置等方面都起到了重要的作用。风险投资是一种高风险投资,其运作过程中存在着多种不确定性和风险。如何有效地控制风险是风险投资最终取得成功的关键。本文解释了什么是风险投资,通过对风险投资过程中各种风险的分析,提出了防范风险的具体措施,以期实现风险投资的良好运行。     

我国风险投资机构的经营风险及控制研究

本文以我国的风险投资为主要对象,阐述了风险投资对我国经济发展的重要意义,并对风险投资的整个周期内可能遇到的风险进行了论述。将整个投资过程分为了三个阶段,分别为融资阶段,投资阶段,退出阶段,对不同阶段的风险提出了扩大风险投资总量,培育多元化市场主体,并建立一套完整的分散风险的投资机制,建立畅通的风险投资退出机制和渠道,充分发挥中介服务机构的作用等方面来控制风险,加快我国风险投资行业的发展。     

浅析风险投资的风险解决方案

随着市场经济的不断发展,风险投资发展迅速。本文正是首先对风险投资的含义;结合我国风险投资的现状,总结现阶段我国风险投资中存在的问题;从而逐步完善我国风险投资的风险解决方案,并努力使投资收益更高、更有价值,把投资风险降到最低,构建出我国风险投资业发展的对策。     

风险资本对创业企业投资行为的影响

在现代化投资模式和趋势的影响下,风险投资逐渐成了创业企业资金来源的重要形式,企业发展的过程中引入风险资本也是创业企业转型成长的必备条件。我国资本市场在经济全球化的推动下不断完善,并在经济快速发展的背景下迅速发展,许多优秀的风险投资机构加大投资中国的力度,并在不断优化投资方向和规范投资行为。然而,风险投资对风险企业投资行为的影响是多方面的,文章从增值服务、监督管理、激励机制等方面探讨了风险投资对风险企业投资行为的影响机制,同时也阐述了风险投资对投资不足、投资过度等低效投资行为的抑制。     

清洁技术产业风险投资的现状与对策

清洁技术产业已成为我国风险投资基金的热门投资领域,当前我国清洁技术产业风险投资呈现出投资增长迅速、覆盖行业全面、地域分布广泛和投资成效初显等特点,同时存在着风险投资认知度低、投资热点领域有待突破、政策风险大以及企业同质化发展等问题,如何解决这些问题成为制约清洁技术产业风险投资发展的关键。     

风险投资对风险企业IPO功效研究——以我国深市中小板为例

风险投资是专业化投资过程,IPO是参与各方首选退出方式。我国风险投资起步晚、发展缓慢,基于发达国家资本市场得出的有关风险投资的结论未必适用于我国。本文使用深交所中小板相关数据检验风险投资在我国风险企业IPO过程中的具体作用,并对检验结果进行分析。通过对风险投资与风险企业IPO关系研究,为我国风险投资的发展提出合理化建议。     

论风险投资阶段性特征及风险管理策略

风险投资就是将资本注入到有新技术、新的市场理念、且具备发展潜力的企业当中,虽然在我国风险投资的发展速度较慢,但是,近几年来风险投资已经逐渐被越来越多的投资人所重视,成为获得资本收益的一种有效途径。在风险投资中,投资人依据被投资者的现状或者规划,对其未来的发展前景进行预估,进而选择合适的投资者和投资项目。在市场不断发展的条件下,我国风险投资者的投资技术也更加成熟。但是,在风险投资过程中依然存在诸多风险,这些风险对于投资者来说都具有很大的危险性,如果不加以识别和防范,就会严重削弱投资者的收益能力。本文对风险投资的阶段性特征进行了研究,同时还对风险投资过程中的风险管理策略进行了探讨。     

浅析风险投资的风险解决方案

本文结合我国风险投资的现状,总结现阶段我国风险投资中存在的问题。基于问题分析,借鉴国外的一些相对成熟的经验,从而逐步完善我国风险投资的风险解决方案,并努力使投资收益更高、更有价值,把投资风险降到最低。对策是:宏观上发挥政府的引导示范作用;完善相关法律制度及风险投资退出机制;加强风险投资的人才培养;微观上企业要谨慎选择投资项目。     

ESG Integration and the Investment Management Process: Fundamental Investing Reinvented

We investigate how conventional asset managers account for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors in their investment process. We do so on the basis of an international survey among fund managers. We find that many conventional managers integrate responsible investing in their investment process. Furthermore, we find that ESG information in particular is being used for red flagging and to manage risk. We find that many conventional fund managers have already adopted features of responsible investing in the investment process. Furthermore, we argue and show that ESG investing is highly similar to fundamental investing. We also reveal that there is a substantial difference in the ways in which U.S. and European asset managers view ESG.     

From Preaching to Investing: Attitudes of Religious Organisations Towards Responsible Investment

Religious organisations are major investors with sometimes substantial investment volumes. An important question for them is how to make investments in, and to earn returns from, companies and activities that are consistent with their religious beliefs or that even support these beliefs. Religious organisations have pioneered responsible investment. Yet little is known about their investment attitudes. This article addresses this gap by studying faith consistent investing. Based on a survey complemented by interviews, we investigate religious organisations?? attitudes towards responsible investment including opinions, practices and the impediments for implementing faith consistent investing. Although our results cannot be generalised because of the non-random character of our sample, six main characteristics of faith consistent investing are drawn: investing is not perceived as being in contradiction with religious values, religious values are important drivers, there is a strong community around faith consistent investing, religious investors are pioneering impact investing, implementing faith consistent investing is not without difficulties, and practices vary across regions. The survey also reveals that faith consistent investing has many commonalities with secular responsible investors.     

浅议风险投资的评价与控制策略

风险投资是把资金投入到存在较大风险领域获取高收益的商业投资行为,而风险投资评价从某种意义上往往决定着投资的成败。在进行投资项目的选择过程中,不同的投资公司有着不同的选择标准。构成投资风险的因素主要包括环境风险、管理风险、技术风险、市场风险、资金风险。由于风险投资中因素较多,变数较大,企业大多数情况下需要对投资对象的信息进行转化、加工生成决策方案,从而实现风险控制。     

基于改进遗传算法的房地产投资项目风险评价模型

房地产投资项目风险具有自身的特殊性,在借鉴和总结前人研究成果的基础上,利用改进的遗传算法来研究房地产项目投资中的风险,将房地产风险量化,进行风险评价。这种方法具有自组织与自适应等优点,克服了主观因素多的缺点,提高了评价的精确度,从而给管理者提供更为合理的参考依据,使投资决策更为科学。     

Angels and non-angels: Are there differences?

The market for informal venture capital is an elusive and nearly invisible source of financing for entrepreneurial ventures. This market consists of a diverse set of high net worth individuals (business angels) who invest a portion of their assets in high-risk, high-return entrepreneurial ventures. The emerging consensus of the characteristics of the individual investor is that of a well-educated,middle-aged individual with considerable business experience and a substantial net worth. These informal investors appear to prefer investing in the early start-up stage of the venture and, if given a choice, prefer that their investments be located close to home. One consequence of this consensus is the tendency to assume that the traits of these business angels are as tightly clustered around the norm as are the traits of venture capital funds. They are not. In terms of their competence in the many areas of venture investing, these Individual investors range from the successful, cashed-out entrepreneur on the one hand to individuals with little or no experience with venture investing on the other. At the same time, little is known about the characteristics of high net worth individuals who never ventured where angels dare to tread, or about these non-angels' propensity to join the fold. Thus, this study seeks to fill the void by examining the characteristics of high net worth individuals regardless of their investment history or their interest in venture investing.An analysis of the data reveals three groups of high net worth Individuals: business angels with experience investing in entrepreneurial ventures, interested potential investors with no venture investment history but who express a desire to enter the venture investment market, and uninterested potential investors who under no circumstances would consider investing in entrepreneurial ventures as part of their investment strategy. Business angels and potential investors (both the interested and non-interested segment) share similar views about the economic significance of the entrepreneur and the difficulty in securing the equity capital for development of the venture. As the issues move from the general to the specific, divergence in investment attitudes takes place among the two groups, but this divergence is in terms of magnitude or intensity, rather than in contrasting or opposing views of the process. The potential investor tends to view investing in entrepreneurial ventures on a smaller scale than the active investor, especially in terms of the dollar amount committed to any one investment. While the business angel is more interested than the potential investor across all stages of financing, the interest for both groups increases as the type of financing progresses from the seed stage to expansion financing. In contrast, the potential investor is more likely to seek diversification as a motivation for venture investing than their angel counterparts.The potential investor pool is segmented into those potential investors who appear willing to take on the role of business angels and those individuals who have no desire to participate in the venture market. For the interested group to increase their interest in providing venture capital, these potential investors want assistance in monitoring the performance of the venture investment, followed by assistance in pricing and structuring. Both of these resources relate more to the technical aspects of venture investing and Indicate that these are the areas where the potential investor is least likely to have expertise. Other resources, such as finding and evaluating the investment opportunity, appear to represent less of a stimulus for the potential investor. In many respects, interested potential investors act like business angels across several dimensions. Both consider the later stages of the development of the venture as the preferred stage to invest. The business angel and interested potential investor prefer investments to be located relatively close to their primary residence and share similar views on the amount of the investment portfolio to allocate to venture investing. Where the interested potential investor and business angel clearly differ is on the scale of the commitment and the motivation for investing. The potential investor will commit a smaller dollar amount to any one venture, is more inclined to participate with other investors, and is more apt to see venture investing as a diversification strategy than is the seasoned business angel.     

基于模糊综合评价的投资风险决策

随着房地产市场竞争激烈加剧,以及房地产开发的规模化和产业化,如何进行房地产投资风险决策,以防止投资失败和减少企业风险,已成为当务之急。因此,设计房地产投资风险决策的动态模糊评价模型,制定一套科学的评价指标体系,对各种投资风险进行综合评价,可为投资风险提供一种工具。     

Socially Responsible Investing in the United States

Socially responsible investing (SRI) has emerged in recent years as a dynamic and quickly growing segment of the U.S. financial services industry involving over $2 trillion in professionally managed assets. Its conceptual origins can be found in the early history of civilization, with it's modern roots in the 1960s. This paper provides an overview of the breadth and depth of the concept and practice of socially and environmentally responsible investing, describes the investment strategies that together define SRI as currently practiced in the U.S., offers several observations about some of the factors fueling its dramatic growth, and presents data showing that investors who choose to invest in a socially and environmentally responsible manner can do so without giving up investment returns. SRI has matured to a point where virtually any investment need can be met through portfolio design that integrates an investor's personal values, institutional mission, and/or social priorities.The socially responsible investment industry in the UnitedStates is a young phenomenon. Even referring to it as an "industry" ten years ago may have been a bit of a stretch. While it has grown dramatically in recent years, it is an area of work, of study and of practical application that continues to evolve in many significant ways.One intriguing example of the ongoing development of the field can be found in the analysis of the language used to describe it. The terms social investing, socially responsible investing, ethical investing, socially aware investing, socially conscious investing, green investing, values-based investing, and mission-based or mission-related investing all refer to the same general process and are often used interchangeably.     

Gold price risk and the returns on gold mutual funds

A model is presented for estimating the theoretical gold price elasticity of the value of mutual funds investing in gold mining companies. The theoretical elasticity shows that if the funds invest in companies whose assets are comprised primarily of operating gold mines, then the return of an investment in the fund will be at least as great as an investment in gold (i.e., the gold price elasticity of the gold fund is greater than 1). Empirical tests of the above propositions are presented. Empirical tests also show, however, that the gold mutual funds contain a substantial amount of risk which is not explained either by market risk or gold price risk. Accordingly, gold mutual funds and gold bullion do not bring identical risks to an investor's portfolio.     

The performance of socially responsible equity mutual funds: Evidence from Sweden

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of socially responsible (SR) funds in Sweden by assessing fund managers' abilities and performances across different market states. These issues are analyzed at the aggregate and individual fund levels. The paper also presents several new statistical tests that allow more precise inferences about differences in performance and the variability in fund returns arising from different benchmarks. In general, SR and conventional funds perform similarly to the market. At the aggregate level, SR funds investing in Sweden and Europe perform similarly to conventional funds, while those investing globally tend to underperform. This underperformance seems to be linked with poor selectivity abilities of global SR fund managers. For individual funds, the performance of both types of funds is more similar. Most funds perform similarly in crisis periods compared to non‐crisis periods. Overall, our results are consistent with a mature market for SR investing and support the view that the similar performance of SR and conventional funds is associated with the mainstreaming of SR investment in Sweden. These findings encourage SR investing both by socially conscious investors, who wish to align their social values with their investment decisions, as well as by conventional investors, who will not be penalized by investing in these funds. We also call attention to the difficulties investors face when trying to identify funds with high social standards, considering that there is scarce information on the extent to which each fund (SR or conventional) holds stocks that comply with ethical and social criteria.     

涉农企业投资风险的计量与分析

涉农企业的投资风险表现为系统风险和非系统风险,系统风险主要包括经济风险、政治风险、自然风险和法律风险;非系统风险主要包括管理风险、技术风险、生产风险、市场风险和财务风险。涉农企业可以通过统计学方法计量投资项目的风险大小,并采用风险调整贴现率法和肯定当量法,分析比较不同投资项目的风险和收益,从而作出合理的投资决策。