Product market competition, R&D, and welfare

We compare the subgame perfect equilibrium emerging in four regimes of research and development (R&D) competition between duopolists: (i) full competition, (ii) coordination of research strategies, (iii) joint venture with cross licensing of patents, and (iv) full collusion in R&D and the product market. The outcome of the firms' interaction depends on the interplay of the degree of product market competition, the similarity of the research strategies, and the cost of R&D, relatively to market size. Our main result is that each of the four regimes can, for plausible parameter combinations, yield the highest level of welfare. Therefore it is problematic to draw general rules applicable to all proposed research joint ventures.     

Cooperation in R&D and production: a three-firm analysis

The paper analyzes, in a model of quantity-setting three firms, the interaction between cooperation decisions at the R&D stage and merger decisions at the production stage. We assume that only two of the three firms are capable of doing cost-reducing research. Two types of cooperative research, viz., the knowledge-sharing agreement and research joint venture are considered. Cost reduction in the case of a successful research joint venture is larger compared to knowledge sharing or independent research, due to possible synergies. We show that allowing mergers can change the organization of the R&D process, and admitting cooperative research can affect the occurrence and nature of mergers at the production stage.     

Endogenous Entry and Exit in Common Value Auctions

We develop and experimentally test a model of endogenous entry, exit, and bidding in common value auctions. The model and experimental design include an alternative profitable activity (a safe haven) that provides agentspecific opportunity costs of bidding in the auction. Each agent chooses whether to accept the safe haven income or forgo it in order to bid in the auction. Agents that enter the auction receive independently-drawn private signals that provide unbiased estimates of the common value. The auctioned item is allocated to the high bidder at a price that is equal to the high bid. Thus the market is a first-price sealed-bid common value auction with endogenous determination of market size.     

Competitive Equilibrium and Classroom Pit Markets

Efforts to show the relevance of economic concepts early in a student's education can prevent the “economics is not very useful” attitude from setting in. The author extends the work of Holt to describe a pit-market experiment used to illustrate the concept of competitive equilibrium. In addition to detailed instructions as to how to set up and conduct a pit-market experiment, the author discusses features of the data and provides accompanying materials, including software for the display of the data.     

电力市场远期合同交易的实验分析

由于电力商品的特殊性,电力市场中的各参与者面临前所未有的风险。远期合同交易的引入不仅可以锁定电价以回避价格风险,还可以对市场成员的交易策略产生影响,抑制市场力和促进竞争。笔者认为实验经济学的方法在电力市场问题的研究中有着广阔的应用前景。     

产品差别化、价格战与合谋

随着中国市场化改革的不断深入,价格战成为各行各业企业间不断上演的舞台剧。文章旨在从产品差别化与企业间合谋的相互关系出发,来分析企业频繁选择价格竞争而难以进行合谋的原因,即产品垂直差别水平的降低将使合谋难以维持,价格战容易爆发。因此,解决价格战的途径之一是中国企业应该加大自主创新的能力,提高产品垂直差别化程度。     

风险资本对高技术产业有效专利发明速度影响的实证研究

将Grinliches知识生产函数与计量模型相结合,实证检验了风险资本对高技术产业的有效专利申请速度的影响。研究结果显示:相对于政府投入资金、金融机构贷款、企业自有资金等,风险资本对高技术产业的有效专利申请速度的促进作用更大;风险资本对有效专利申请速度的影响具有滞后性,其中滞后1期风险资本对有效专利申请速度的影响最为显著,且风险资本的滞后效应逐期递减。     

风险投资与创新:激励、抑制还是中性?——来自中国省级面板的经验证据

构建了中国省域的创新投入产出经验模型,采用面板数据方法,实证分析了2006～2008年我国27个省市的风险投资、研发、经济发展水平、工资水平、教育水平和开放度对区域创新产出的影响。实证结果表明,无论是仅仅考虑研发和风险投资的简单模型,还是在控制了研发、经济发展水平、工资水平、开放度、教育水平变量后的扩展模型,风险投资对创新均具有明显的促进作用。     

T+1制度对中小投资者保护效果的实验研究

为了保护中小投资者,我国股票市场于1995年开始执行与国外主要市场有着显著差异的T+1交易制度。20多年以来,该制度的有效性一直饱受争议。本文利用实验经济学的方法构建了T+0和T+1制度的股票市场,并利用收集到的市场层面和个体行为层面的数据对这两种制度进行了对比分析。研究发现,相对于T+0制度,T+1制度保护的并不是中小投资者,而是大投资者。而且,T+1制度显著减少了市场的成交量,不但不能明显地降低市场泡沫,还加剧了市场价格的波动。研究还进一步发现,T+1制度还保护了具有较高风险偏好水平的投资者,避免了这类投资者的频繁交易。     

Islamic economics versus market economics： The concept of taxations

Taxation plays a major role in both market economics and Islamic economics. The difference is that in market economics, the tax system has evolved throughout the centuries in order to address the constant change in market-based societies. In Islamic economics, however, the tax system bases on the writings of the Qur＇an and the principles of shariah. As a result, it did not flourish as the needs of Islamic society changed. Therefore, governments in Islamic countries that seek to follow Islamic law are facing major economic challenges. Recently, some Islamic scholars have asserted that Islamic governments can go beyond the explicit instructions of the Qur＇an and impose taxes as needed. They justify their arguments based on the interpretation of Qur＇anic verses. This paper briefly compares both rationality and the methods of taxation in both market economics and Islamic economics, and further elaborates on the shortcomings of the original Islamic tax laws.     

The False Consensus Effect Disappears if Representative Information and Monetary Incentives Are Given

We present an experiment on the false consensus effect. Unlike previous experiments, we provide monetary incentives for revealing the actual estimation of others' behavior. In each session and round, sixteen subjects make a choice between two options simultaneously. Then they estimate the choices of a randomly selected subgroup. For half of the rounds we provide information about other subjects' choices. There we find no false consensus effect. At an aggregate level, subjects significantly underweight rather than overweight their choices. When we do not provide information, the presence of a false consensus effect cannot be detected.     

Shanghai Venture Capital and Innovation：Incentive, --Empirical Resuhs of China＇ s Province

构建了中国省域的创新投入产出经验模型,采用面板数据方法,实证分析了2006—2008年我国27个省市的风险投资、研发、经济发展水平、工资水平、教育水平和开放度对区域创新产出的影响。实证结果表明,无论是仅仅考虑研发和风险投资的简单模型,还是在控制了研发、经济发展水平、工资水平、开放度、教育水平变量后的扩展模型,风险投资对创新均具有明显的促进作用。     

中外合资企业管理中的文化整合分析

合资企业不仅是中国利用外国资金的基本形式,也是中国引进先进技术和设备,学习国外先进管理经验的重要渠道.但是,必须看到由于合作双方来自不同的国家和地区,其社会政治法律制度不同,文化背景不同,由此而形成的经营理念、管理决策思维、企业行为方式等也有着很大的差异,因此在合作过程中出现管理冲突是不可避免的.正确认识中外双方的文化差异,努力促进不同文化的融合,消除管理冲突,对促进合资企业的发展有着极为重要的意义.     

2006年国际风险投资研究特征及前沿动态综述

建立了一个新的分析框架,将风险投资研究分为经济学和管理学两个维度12个研究领域,使用Excel分析了2006年国际风险投资研究的特征,重点介绍了风险投资研究的前沿动态,给出了可能的研究方向。     

中国转轨经济中的产权结构和市场结构——产业绩效水平的决定因素

本文利用 1 995年全国工业企业普查数据检验了中国转轨经济中产权结构和市场结构对于产业绩效的影响作用 ,发现国有产权结构变量对于产业绩效具有明显的负效应 ,产业集中率和规模变量则具有正效应。绩效的优劣主要是根据这几种因素的力度大小和相互抵消的结果来决定的。研究发现 ,国有企业通常是与垄断、缺乏竞争的市场结构密切相关 ,而可竞争的市场结构是与非国有产权或民营产权结构密切相关的。竞争市场与较低的国有产权结构的结合产生了良好的绩效 ,而竞争市场与较高的国有产权结构的不相容性则产生了不良的绩效结果。高度的国有产权结构和垄断性市场的结合 ,则会具有国有结构的负效应和某种较高垄断利润的综合效果。