Cooperation in R&D and production: a three-firm analysis

The paper analyzes, in a model of quantity-setting three firms, the interaction between cooperation decisions at the R&D stage and merger decisions at the production stage. We assume that only two of the three firms are capable of doing cost-reducing research. Two types of cooperative research, viz., the knowledge-sharing agreement and research joint venture are considered. Cost reduction in the case of a successful research joint venture is larger compared to knowledge sharing or independent research, due to possible synergies. We show that allowing mergers can change the organization of the R&D process, and admitting cooperative research can affect the occurrence and nature of mergers at the production stage.     

实验经济学的兴起与公共产品理论的发展

实验经济学是经济学的一个新的分支,其研究内容主要包括个人决策、市场交易、博弈论、学习理论和方法论。它的兴起对公共财政论的核心理论——公共产品理论产生了影响,加深了搭便车问题的研究,对如何有效提供公共产品从实验角度给出了有益的启示,推动了公共产品理论的研究。     

Cooperation vs. competition in R&D: The role of stability of equilibrium

We consider a model in which firms first choose process R&D expenditures and then compete in an output market. We show the symmetric equilibrium under R&D competition is sometimes unstable, in which case two asymmetric equilibria must also exist. For the latter, we find, in contrast to the literature that total profits are sometimes higher with R&D competition than with research joint venture cartelization (due to the cost asymmetry of the resulting duopoly in the noncooperative case). Furthermore, these equilibria provide another instance of R&D-induced firm heterogeneity.     

Conventions and Local Interaction Structures: Experimental Evidence

We present a series of experimental coordination games with a payoff-dominant and a risk-dominant Nash equilibrium. We examine how much local interaction structures affect players' strategy choices. Our three major observations are the following: First, local interaction with open neighborhoods along a circle leads to less coordination on the payoff-dominant equilibrium than interaction in closed neighborhoods. Second, when players are allocated around a circle, the neighborhood size has, in the long run, no effect on the players' strategy choices. Third, with the same neighborhood size, players allocated on a lattice tend less than players allocated around a circle to coordinate on the payoff-dominant equilibrium. This is true even though the players are given exactly the same instructions. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, C92.     

The effect of mergers on the incentive to invest in cost-reducing innovations

Both mergers and innovation are central elements of a firm's competitive strategy. However, model-theoretical analysis of the merger-innovation link is sparse. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of mergers on innovative activities and product market competition in the context of incremental process innovations. Inefficiencies due to organizational problems of mergers are accounted for. We show that optimal investment strategies depend on the resulting market structure and differ significantly from insider to outsider. In our linear model mergers turn out to increase social surplus.     

专利法利益平衡机制的法经济学解析——基于社会契约论的观点

现有文献对专利法中具体权利限制制度的研究,难以使我们从整体上把握专利法利益平衡原则的作用机制.而从社会契约论的视角着眼,专利法利益平衡机制可归结为信息公开-权利专有的对价关系.运用法经济学原理进行的分析表明,契约对价通过专利长度和专利宽度两个法律变量的变化协调双方的利益关系.分析结果进一步指出专利契约在实践中面临价值缺失的危险,提出在契约订立过程中引入博弈机制是重构专利契约的关键.     

The Costs of Deception: Evidence from Psychology

Recently, it has been argued that the evidence in social science research suggests that deceiving participants in an experiment does not lead to a significant loss of experimental control. Based on this assessment, experimental economists were counseled to lift their de facto prohibition against deception to capture its potential benefits. To the extent that this recommendation is derived from empirical studies, we argue that it draws on a selective sample of the available evidence. Building on a systematic review of relevant research in psychology, we present two major results: First, the evidence suggests that the experience of having been deceived generates suspicion that in turn is likely to affect the judgment and decision making of a non-negligible number of participants. Second, we find little evidence for the reputational spillover effects that have been hypothesized by a number of authors in psychology and economics (e.g., Kelman, H.C., 1967. Psychological Bulletin. 67, 1–11; Davis, D.D. and Holt, C.A., 1993. Experimental Economics. Princeton University Press, Princeton). Based on a discussion of the methodological costs and benefits of deception, we conclude that experimental economists' prohibition of deception is a sensible convention that economists should not abandon.     

电力市场远期合同交易的实验分析

由于电力商品的特殊性,电力市场中的各参与者面临前所未有的风险。远期合同交易的引入不仅可以锁定电价以回避价格风险,还可以对市场成员的交易策略产生影响,抑制市场力和促进竞争。笔者认为实验经济学的方法在电力市场问题的研究中有着广阔的应用前景。     

风险资本对高技术产业有效专利发明速度影响的实证研究

将Grinliches知识生产函数与计量模型相结合,实证检验了风险资本对高技术产业的有效专利申请速度的影响。研究结果显示:相对于政府投入资金、金融机构贷款、企业自有资金等,风险资本对高技术产业的有效专利申请速度的促进作用更大;风险资本对有效专利申请速度的影响具有滞后性,其中滞后1期风险资本对有效专利申请速度的影响最为显著,且风险资本的滞后效应逐期递减。     

Price Expectations and International Quota Trading: An Experimental Evaluation

This paper reports a preliminary experimental test of international quota trading on a market characterized by several dominant traders. Uncertain quota demand and supply imply true market-clearing prices that in general differ from an expected competitive quota price. However, in the experiment the expected price level emerges as a focal point on which the bulk of quota trade contracts are keyed. Thus, incomplete price discovery occurs.     

“一带一路”背景下数字通信领域跨国专利合作特征及网络演化研究

论文以“一带一路”背景下数字通信领域跨国专利合作网络为研究对象,运用社会网络分析法,研究2000年至2019年期间中国和“一带一路”沿线地区在数字通信领域的专利合作状况,分析数字通信领域的专利合作网络在网络地位、结构洞、小世界效应和“专利权人-热点技术”二模网络联系等方面的演化特征。结果表明：中国与“一带一路”各板块专利合作地域分布不均衡性上升。网络集权程度下降,原核心国家新加坡的中心地位下降,中国、印度、俄罗斯等国中心地位逐渐上升。专利合作网络具有小世界效应,但近年来小世界效应正在减弱,影响网络稳定性。中国和新加坡在网络中的中心度和结构洞指数下降,说明中国和新加坡对网络合作资源和合作关系的影响力在减弱。中国在热点技术领域能进行专利合作广泛布局的强势企业偏少,并且专利合作在热点技术领域的宽度和深度布局有待加强。研究成果为中国未来与“一带一路”沿线地区数字通信跨国专利合作策略提供理论依据。     

The valuation of patents using third-party data: the Ocean Tomo 300 Patent Index

This study is the first investigation of the ability of the financial marketplace to value patent assets via exploiting the informational content of a widely quoted stock market patent index known as the Ocean Tomo 300 Patent Index (OT 300). The results suggest that the OT 300 ‘works,’ in the sense that the index generates buy-and-hold returns economically and statistically in excess of those of the market as a whole as well as a specially created 300-firm benchmark portfolio composed of other very liquid patent-holding firms.     

DVD高技术企业市场决策中的专利博弈分析

在高技术领域中，跨国公司运用专利武器主导着整个市场，国内厂商除需要合理地进行技术和市场的定位外，更重要的途径是技术引进、消化、吸收与创新。本文以DVD行业为例，进行了完全信息条件下的博弈分析，得出一些具有启发性的结论。     

专利丛林引发的反公地悲剧及对专利政策的思考

由于专利具有排他性,因此,专利丛林的出现使得后续研发必须得到上游所有专利权人的许可,当专利权人行使排他权时,后续研发工作就难以进行,从而造成专利成果利用不足和上游基础研究被闲置的反公地悲剧。从避免反公地悲剧的角度出发,对专利政策进行了有益的反思。     

管制与反垄断前沿理论和政策效率检验——一个基于实验经济学的研究模型

经济学界对管制和放松管制的态度模棱两可;理解管制与反垄断政策及其市场实施效率,却是真实而又关键。文章基于产业组织理论,从结构、行为、绩效三个角度来拓展垄断前沿理论,并借助实验经济学随机检验方法对政府价格管制政策效率进行研究,以用于阐述管制与反垄断政策的目标和基本原则,文章总体试图对我国管制与反垄断理论及政策制订提供理论参考。     

专利开发商FDI国别选择的博弈分析

在一个把专利开发商和盗版商看作博弈双方的完全信息静态博弈模型中,考察了在某些盗版猖獗的国家仍然有大量外国专利开发商进行投资的现象;发现外商投资很大程度上取决于产品所在国的市场容量、税率以及对知识产权的保护力度等因素.     

苏州企业专利开发与保护的现状与对策

苏州作为我国经济发达的经济区域,在企业专利开发与保护中取得了长足的进步,专利工作处于国内先进水平。面对新的发展机遇和经济全球化竞争所带来的挑战,要在激烈的竞争中生存和发展,企业必须加快制定和实施企业专利开发与保护战略,提高企业自主创新能力;政府要为企业专利开发和保护提供一个良好的制度环境和政策环境。     

企业规模对专利产出影响的实证分析——基于1998—2010年上市公司经验证据

使用1998—2010年中国A股上市公司的年度数据,研究了企业规模对专利产出和专利密度的影响。结果表明:发明专利和实用新型专利与企业规模之间存在U型关系,外观设计专利与公司规模呈倒U型关系;三类专利的专利密度都与企业规模之间存在U型关系;企业的知识存量、成立时间、财务杠杆、所有制类型等企业内部因素以及市场集中度、企业所处区域等外部环境因素都对企业的专利产出有显著影响。据此提出企业创新发展路径假说。     

军民科技创新合作网络结构与演化——基于专利合作与社会网络实证分析

推进军民科技协同创新是攻克制约我国国防与经济发展科技难题的重要举措。为探索军民科技协同创新发展路径,采用北京市装备制造业2000-2019年军队单位、军工单位与民口单位联合专利申请数据,运用社会网络分析法和ArcGIS空间分析法,对北京市装备制造业军民科技创新合作网络结构和演化特征进行研究。结果发现,北京市装备制造业军民科技创新合作网络经历军民分离阶段、军民融合初步发展阶段,现正处于军民融合深度发展阶段初期。从结构特性看,创新合作网络规模不断扩大、密度逐步降低,网络结构呈现“多核心”特征、网络具有无标度特性;从空间分布看,北京与华东、中南地区合作频繁,逐渐形成以北京—陕西、北京—江苏、北京—河南为主的多条军民科技协同创新连接渠道;从核心节点看,军工高校与军队院校仍是军民科技研究主力,对军民科技协同创新发展起重要带动和引领作用。     

管制经济学理论与实践20年的发展演变

从美国管制产业研究中心1982年举行的东部会议开始,20年来,管制经济学和管制都发生了很大的变化.本文从自身研究的角度对这些年来的主要变动进行了评述.文章分析了管制经济学理论的重大发展以及激励管制的理论与实践的关键问题,并对某些理论和放松管制的有效性进行了分析.