江西省中小城市居民体育消费状况分析

通过对江西省中小城市居民体育消费群体、消费水平、消费结构的调查,发现:体育消费群体在性别、年龄、职业、个人收入及学历等方面存在差异,体育消费水平偏低和消费结构不合理等现状。并提出拉动江西省中小城市居民体育消费的策略。     

西安市城镇居民体育消费水平及消费结构研究

采用文献资料、社会调查和数理统计等研究方法,对西安市城镇居民的体育消费状况进行了调查研究,结果表明:体育消费正成为大多数城镇居民家庭生活消费的组成部分,但体育消费水平较低;居民可支配收入水平与其体育消费水平呈现正相关;消费结构侧重于体育实物消费和体育健身消费;消费水平与消费结构都存在职业差异。     

上海市社区居民体育消费现状分析

改革开放后,上海市的国民经济一直呈持续增长的良好态势,这引发极大的社会变化,改观了上海居民的诸多生活方式.细化到体育消费领域,经济、社会的变革又引申出对社区居民体育消费现状研究的必要性.本文分析得出:上海市社区居民人均收入水平位居全国前列.家庭消费水平较高,消费结构优化特征显现.上海市居民总体消费水平并不高,而社区居民体育消费水平偏高.     

豫东地区城镇居民体育消费现状研究

运用问卷调查和文献资料等方法,对豫东地区城镇居民体育消费水平、体育消费结构、体育消费影响因素、体育消费发展趋势等进行了分析研究。结果表明:居民对体育的功能和作用有较深认识,但由于经济因素和传统习惯等影响,保守性消费观念仍占主导地位;体育消费水平有所提高,但涨幅不大。     

豫东地区城镇居民体育消费现状研究

运用问卷调查和文献资料等方法,对豫东地区城镇居民体育消费水平、体育消费结构、体育消费影响因素、体育消费发展趋势等进行了分析研究。结果表明：居民对体育的功能和作用有较深认识,但由于经济因素和传统习惯等影响,保守性消费观念仍占主导地位;体育消费水平有所提高,但涨幅不大。     

陕西省城市社区居民体育消费结构的调查研究

目的本文对陕西省城市社区居民的体育消费情况进行调查研究。方法:采用文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法。结果陕西省城市社区不同性别、年龄、职业的居民在体育消费结构和观念上有显著区别,各类别居民的体育消费很不平衡。结论:陕西省城市社区居民体育消费水平在全国处于偏低水平。     

江西省大学生休闲体育消费行为特征调查与分析

运用文献资料法、问巷调查法和数理统计法，通过对江西省大学生体育消费水平、消费结构，以及影响江西省大学生体育消费的因素的分析，总结出江西肖大学生体育消费行勾特征，探索符合江西省大学生休闲体育发展的对策，并提出相应的建议。     

江西省大学生休闲体育消费行为特征调查与分析

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法,通过对江西省大学生体育消费水平、消费结构,以及影响江西省大学生体育消费的因素的分析,总结出江西省大学生体育消费行为特征,探索符合江西省大学生休闲体育发展的对策,并提出相应的建议。     

我国不向阶层人群体育消费行为的比较研究

本文以中国社会科学院“当代中国社会结构变迁课题组”所划分的我国十大社会阶层为依据,分别在浙江、湖南、陕西三省选取十大阶层各100名居民。,调查各个阶层人群的体育消费的来源、体育消费水平以及体育消费结构,分析并比较我国不同阶层人群体育消费行为,得到了以下主娄结论：我国不同阶层人群体育消费的差距是非常显著的,依据体育消费水平,不同社会阶层将区分为上层、中上层、中层、中下层以及下层等五个层次,影响我国居民体育消费的因素,除了经济资源外,更主要的还有社会资源以及文化资源,实物型体育消费仍然在我国体育消费结构中占有非常重要的比例,我国未来体育市场具有非常巨大的发展空间。     

我国不同阶层人群体育消费行为的比较研究

本文以中国社会科学院"当代中国社会结构变迁课题组"所划分的我国十大社会阶层为依据,分别在浙江、湖南、陕西三省选取十大阶层各100名居民,调查各个阶层人群的体育消费的来源、体育消费水平以及体育消费结构,分析并比较我国不同阶层人群体育消费行为,得到了以下主要结论:我国不同阶层人群体育消费的差距是非常显著的,依据体育消费水平,不同社会阶层将区分为上层、中上层、中层、中下层以及下层等五个层次,影响我国居民体育消费的因素,除了经济资源外,更主要的还有社会资源以及文化资源,实物型体育消费仍然在我国体育消费结构中占有非常重要的比例,我国未来体育市场具有非常巨大的发展空间。     

Sustainability, Epistemology, Ecocentric Business, and Marketing Strategy: Ideology, Reality, and Vision

This conceptual article examines the relationship between marketing and sustainability through the dual lenses of anthropocentric and ecocentric epistemology. Using the current anthropocentric epistemology and its associated dominant social paradigm, corporate ecological sustainability in commercial practice and business school research and teaching is difficult to achieve. However, adopting an ecocentric epistemology enables the development of an alternative business and marketing approach that places equal importance on nature, the planet, and ecological sustainability as the source of human and other species’ well-being, as well as the source of all products and services. This article examines ecocentric, transformational business, and marketing strategies epistemologically, conceptually and practically and thereby proposes six ecocentric, transformational, strategic marketing universal premises as part of a vision of and solution to current global un-sustainability. Finally, this article outlines several opportunities for management practice and further research.     

Rethinking managership,leadership, followership,and partnership

Organizations underperform, or fail, when members avoid partnering with managers—whether through subtle resistance, disagreement, protest, or walkout—to achieve common purpose. Managers should boost partnering not by affecting a pretense of leadership but through a nuanced balance of managerial authority and understanding of members’ points of view. The objective of this article is to sharpen attention on the concept of partnership with organization members and how it relates to some of the important previous literature. We also argue that some of the previous scholarly work contributes to misconceptions related to these concepts. Our work is forward-looking in that it is motivated by the dangerous societal and cultural differences evident in the world, differences that surround management’s decisions and that may induce an overuse of authority to quash disquiet. Using our experiences in both industry and academia, we argue that the crucial link between managers and members is leadership—not leadership thought of as directional and inspirational, but leadership as building a relationship toward common purpose through partnership. “Lead” and “leader” are sorely misused terms, and worse, substituting “leader” for “manager” is just plain wrong. We believe that managers become leaders only when followers agree to follow, not when the managers simply step forward energetically with direction. Managers are cheated by mistaken definitions. Reviewing past perspectives about what makes good leaders and managers, we rethink ways to enhance organizational harmony through a clearer understanding of managership, leadership, followership, and partnership. Only by thinking and acting as partners in common purpose can managers and members form the core of success in organizational endeavors.     

Trust,terrorism, and technology

The development of civilization implies an evolution of complex trust mechanisms which integrate the social system and form bonds which allow individuals to interact, even if they are strangers. Key elements of trust are predictability of consequences and an evaluation of consequences in terms of self-interest or values. Values, ethics, and norms enhance predictability. The terrorist introduces an unpredictable event which has negative consequences, thus destroying trust. However, terrorist-like situations occur in day-to-day activities. Technology itself makes the world more interdependent and less predictable. Furthermore, technological accidents and disasters, which are also unpredictable and negative, may prompt individuals to perceive technology as if it were a terrorist. Louis H. Bluhm is Associate Professor of Sociology at the Mississippi State University. He has written several articles which have been published in Rural Sociology, and with P. M. Shingi he has written a chapter in a book.     

Networks,firms, and trade

Fixed costs associated with learning about demand and setting up distribution networks are expected to be lower when there are more potential contacts in the destination market, suggesting a greater probability of market entry and larger export revenues. We match historically-determined emigration stocks with detailed firm-level data from Portugal to examine the effect of migrant networks on these export outcomes. We find that larger stocks of emigrants in a given destination increase export participation and intensity. In addition, we show that the former of these effects tends to be more pronounced among firms that are more likely to have close ties with the emigrants. These results are consistent with a multiple-destination version of the Melitz (2003) model featuring market-specific entry costs and idiosyncratic firm-destination demand shocks.