知识资本和中国企业国际投资的模式选择

随着中国经济步入创新驱动的高质量发展阶段,知识资本成为日益重要的企业核心竞争优势,在其国际化战略决策中扮演着关键角色。本文基于中国企业海外子公司数据和全球跨国并购数据,创建了一套可识别中国企业在特定国家投资模式的新型数据集,结合基于专利数据的企业知识资本水平指数,评估了企业因知识资本不同而产生的国际投资模式选择差异,并着重探讨了企业知识资本和东道国技术禀赋间的交互作用。研究发现,企业知识资本通过国际投资动机影响投资模式选择。企业知识资本越少,越倾向于进行战略性资产获取型投资,从而偏好更有效的跨国并购模式;企业知识资本越多,越注重在国际投资中充分利用其知识资本优势,因而选择以绿地投资的模式进入海外市场。在技术禀赋较丰富的东道国,企业知识资本的多少对国际投资模式选择的影响较弱。考虑企业吸收能力后发现,企业知识资本对国际投资模式存在非线性影响,即在企业知识资本较少时,知识资本的积累对企业跨国并购倾向存在正向影响。     

TCL集团：国际化走向新生

改革开放30多年来,我国企业在引进外资进行合资、合作的同时也对走向海外跨国投资经营进行了积极的探索,这是我国企业从被动参与经济全球化到实施主动参与全球经济战略的必然选择。我国企业通过主动走出去,打造中国的跨国公司,从国外直接获取资金、技术、市场等资源来实现自己的可持续发展。TCL集团国际化过程就是一批中国企业主动跨国投资经营的典型案例之一。     

跨国并购和有机扩张的学术论争及其引申

中国对外直接投资采用了复杂一体化战略,国际直接投资的传统OLI-IDP框架不完全适用于解释中国在海外寻求知识资源的行为,需要调整和补充。中国政府在企业对外直接投资方面发挥着重要作用。跨国并购和有机扩张是获取海外知识资源的主要方式,学者们基于调查问卷和典型案例分析、大型并购数据库分析和模型构建等方法评估了包括跨国并购在内的各种海外市场进入方式的绩效。对这些问题的研究有助于进一步推动中国知识资源寻求型对外直接投资。     

TCL集团:国际化走向新生

改革开放30多年来,我国企业在引进外资进行合资、合作的同时也对走向海外跨国投资经营进行了积极的探索,这是我国企业从被动参与经济全球化到实施主动参与全球经济战略的必然选择。我国企业通过主动走出去,打造中国的跨国公司,从国外直接获取资金、技术、市场等资源来实现自己的可持续发展。TCL集团国际化过程就是一批中国企业主动跨国投资经营的典型案例之一。TCL国际化的三阶段充分认识到国际化经营对于一个企业发展重要性,自上个世纪90年代以来,TCL就开始海外经营的探索,在新兴市场开拓推广自主品牌,在欧美市场并购成熟品牌,成为中国     

中国企业跨国经营存在的问题及对策

跨国经营是国家经济发展的重要组成部分,也是占领世界市场的重要手段。全球经济一体化背景下,研究中国企业跨国经营问题,有利于我国在世界市场上占领更多份额,取得更大的利益,为和平崛起打下坚实的经济基础。文章搜集近十年跨国经营的投资、利润、产业数据,研究中国企业跨国经营的现状、特点以及存在的问题,对中国企业跨国经营进行了总结,并且提出了合理的解决对策。     

对中小企业跨国经营几个问题的认识

跨国经营是指国内企业通过对外直接投资,在国外建立子公司或分支机构,并以此为基础展开的跨国界的以赢利为目的的经营活动。为了寻求经营机会、保护和扩大原有市场、克服贸易壁垒、追求优惠政策、获取技术,走国际化经营之路成为中小企业的战略选择。     

提升浙江民营企业跨国经营能力研究——以知识学习为分析视角

改革开放30年来,浙江民营企业不断发展壮大,逐渐成为浙江＂走出去＂开拓市场、寻求国际商机的重要力量。但是当前浙江民企的跨国经营活动仍处于初级阶段,相比国际大型跨国组织,其跨国经营能力仍显不足。本文从知识学习的角度着手,指出知识对跨国经营能力提升的重要性,分析了在跨国经营活动中获得国际化知识的内外部途径。论述了企业如何通过内外部的知识学习,获得知识,并构建了企业通过知识学习与集成提升企业跨国经营能力理论模型。     

解学智：完善税收政策支持企业跨国投资

国家税务总局副局长解学智近日在“第二届中国企业跨国投资研讨会”上表示,国税总局将在企业跨国投资的收益、业务和经营准备等环节完善税收政策,促进企业实施“走出去”战略。     

企业跨国经营行为的矩阵分析

跨国经营一般指境内企业到境外开展投资、工程承包、劳务合作的一种经营活动。随着我国加入WTO过渡期的结束，我国对外开放呈现出全方位、宽领域和多层次的格局，企业跨国经营已成为我国主动融入经济全球化的重要方面。如何有效实现跨国并购，无论是对理论界还是企业界，都是值得深入思考和研究的课题。文章通过对目前中国企业跨国并购经营行为的剖析，采用二维矩阵模型来描述企业跨国经营的过程。二维矩阵的四个不同区间，代表了企业在跨国经营过程中的四种状态。     

规模优势与中国企业跨国经营

在提到跨国经营时，人们很自然地把跨国公司与规模大的企业联系在一起；而且在许多关于跨国公司的传统理论中，对跨国公司的分析均突出规模巨大这一特征。但20世纪70年代中期以来，发展中国家的中小企业对外直接投资迅速发展，引起了人们的广泛关注。那么，如何解释企业跨国经营与企业规模的关系?这对中国企业进行跨国经营有什么现实意义?     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

我国发展天文旅游的条件、前景探析及策略思考

天文旅游资源从成因可以分为行星地球天文旅游资源、天体天文旅游资源和天文文化旅游资源三类。天文旅游方兴未艾,我国天文旅游具有很大发展前景。文章对我国开展天文旅游的条件进行了分析,对发展天文旅游的策略和措施进行了梳理。     

城市社会的开放与农民的城市化

城市社会在对农民的开放与封闭之中徘徊。改革开放后城市社会对农民的开放已经使很多农民城市化。城市社会对农民的封闭已由政策性封闭转向经济性封闭。城市社会对农民的封闭增加了农民城市化的成本和社会风险。必须加强城市社会对农民的开放,逐步消除对农民的封闭政策,以推进农民的城市化。     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.