营销渠道中依赖、公平与角色外利他行为

文章以交易成本理论与企业资源基础观为理论基础,营销渠道中经销商的角色外利他行为为研究对象,检验了经销商依赖、公平感知对其角色外利他行为的影响关系。通过问卷调查,获得660个经销商的有效样本数据,应用SPSS18.0软件和多元层次回归方法对研究假设进行检验。研究结果表明：经销商依赖、分配公平、程序公平对其角色外利他行为均有显著的正向影响;经销商依赖对分配公平、程序公平与角色外利他行为的影响关系具有不同的调节作用,在经销商依赖程度高的情况下,分配公平对角色外利他行为的正向影响作用变强,程序公平对角色外利他行为的正向影响作用变弱。最后,文章讨论了研究结果与应用及未来的研究方向。     

负面事件修复策略对品牌资产的影响

近年来,类似于三聚氰胺毒奶粉的负面事件频发。负面事件发生后,如何修复它所造成的不利影响,成为企业关注的热点问题。本文将修复策略划分为情感性修复、信息性修复、纠正性修复三大类,基于公平理论,以品牌资产为因变量,构建概念模型,展开实证研究。研究结果发现情感性修复和信息性修复正向影响感知交互公平,信息性修复正向影响感知过程公平和感知交互公平,纠正性修复正向影响感知分配公平,交互公平和分配公平正向影响修复满意度,修复满意度正向影响品牌资产。     

同事非伦理行为对员工离职倾向的影响：一个有调节的中介模型

文章从伦理道德视角出发,通过研究之前学者所忽视的同事非伦理行为对员工离职倾向的影响,丰富了员工离职倾向的前因研究。基于社会比较理论,本文探究员工分配公平感在同事非伦理行为影响员工离职倾向过程中的中介作用,并考察员工自身非伦理行为对以上关系的调节作用。通过对271名企业员工开展两轮配对问卷调查,统计分析结果表明：（1）员工分配感在同事非伦理行为与员工离职倾向之间起完全中介作用;（2）员工非伦理行为显著调节了同事非伦理行为与员工分配公平感之间的关系;（3）员工非伦理行为显著调节了分配公平感在同事非伦理行为与员工离职倾向之间的中介作用。     

Justice in triad: Revisiting supplier involvement in new product development

Recognizing the importance of involving suppliers in the new product development (NPD) process, extensive studies have examined this issue at a buyer–supplier dyadic level. However, how supplier involvement leads to better NPD performance is not clearly explained. Additionally, extending the dyadic relationships to triadic relationships and addressing how to manage the two competing suppliers with fair conduct remains unexplored. To answer these questions, this study developed a conceptual model theorizing the role of supplier involvement, information sharing, and justice in the NPD process within a buyer–supplier–supplier triadic relationship. Based on survey data collected from 200 U.S. firms, Structural Equation Modeling is used to test the hypothesis. The results first confirmed the criticality of involving both primary and secondary suppliers during NPD. Second, the positive effect of triadic supplier involvement on innovation performance is fully mediated by information sharing. Finally, this study explored the different roles of procedural justice and distributive justice; the results confirmed that procedural justice acts as a moderator for the relationship between triadic supplier involvement and information sharing, whereas distributive justice moderates the effect between information sharing and innovation performance. Our findings contribute to the literature of triadic supplier involvement-new product development and relationship management. Accordingly, these findings highlight key implications for managers and policymakers.     

Loyalty program rewards and their impact on perceived justice,customer satisfaction,and repatronize intentions

This study examines three types of rewards in a retail loyalty program context (under-reward, equity-reward, and over-reward) and their impact on perceived distributive justice, customer satisfaction, and repatronize intentions. The results from a between-subjects experiment showed that equity-reward produced higher levels of perceived distributive justice than both under-reward and over-reward. Moreover, equity-reward and over-reward produced higher levels of both customer satisfaction and repatronize intentions than did under-reward. Yet there were no differences in satisfaction and repatronize intentions for equity-reward and over-reward. These outcomes suggest that loyalty programs have the potential of not boosting members' loyalty, at the same time as they may reduce loyalty among non-members.     

The Perceived Fairness of Layoffs in Germany: Participation,Compensation, or Avoidance?

This study analyses to what extend and under what circumstances layoffs are accepted in Germany. Principles of distributive justice and rules of procedural justice form the theoretical framework of the analysis. Based on this, hypotheses are generated, which are tested empirically in a telephone survey conducted between East and West Germans in 2004 (n = 3036). The empirical analysis accounts for the different points of views of implicated stakeholders and impartial spectators. Key findings are: (1) The management of a company can increase the acceptance of layoffs if the employees get some participation rights. (2) For impartial spectators generous compensation for those made redundant leads to a higher degree of perceived fairness. But job alliances are not even preferred to layoffs without measures to soften the blow of job loss. (3) Implicated stakeholders accept job alliances and perceive wage cuts as more fair than layoffs. However, compensation does not have the expected impact. Christian Pfeifer is resarch assistant at the Institute of Labour Economics, Leibniz University Hannover.     

“Equality Theory” as a Counterbalance to Equity Theory in Human Resource Management

This conceptual paper revisits the concept of equality as a base of distributive justice and contends that it is underspecified, both theoretically and in terms of its ethical and pragmatic application to human resource management (HRM) within organizations. Prior organizational literature focuses primarily upon distributive equality of remunerative outcomes within small groups and implicitly employs an equity-based conception of inputs to define equality. In contrast, through exposition of the philosophical roots of equality principles, we reconceptualize inputs as de facto equal and consider the systemic application of distributive equality in the form of status leveling practices. Ethical ramifications of distributive equality so viewed are explored. We conclude by arguing that, to implicitly insert a stronger ethics focus into the study and practice of HRM, perhaps there should be ??equality theory?? competing with equity theory for recognition in managerial and scholarly discourse.     

The Roles of Procedural and Distributive Justice in Logistics Outsourcing Relationships

In this paper, the effects of two dimensions of justice—procedural and distributive—on key attitudinal and behavioral elements of logistics outsourcing relationships are investigated. The findings suggest that the fairness of policies adopted by a third‐party logistics provider (3PL) and respective outcomes nurtures a customer's trust in and long‐term orientation toward the relationship with a 3PL. In such a relationship climate, patterns of cooperative behavior take place, providing an incentive for a 3PL to proactively pursue operational improvements.     

When gamification backfires: the impact of perceived justice on online community contributions

ABSTRACT

While online communities may enhance firm performance, they commonly fail to retain members. To address this challenge, scholars and managers call for the use of gamification. However, despite gamification’s growing use in online communities, insight into its effect on member experience and behaviours remain limited. We hypothesise that gamification affects member-perceived distributive and procedural justice. In experimental studies, we assess the impact of in-gamification perceived justice on member contributions. We find that while high in-gamification perceived procedural justice acts as a necessary prerequisite for member contributions, high distributive justice can reduce game-related uncertainty, thereby rendering gamified practices less fun, particularly for low-engaged community members that tend to value rewards. We add to the literature by (a) pinpointing the core role of perceived justice in the persistence of online communities, and (b) unveiling that high distributive justice can lead gamification to backfire in online communities by affecting member experience and contributions.     

Some concepts of distributive justice in bargaining problems

In this article we study the problems associated with distributive justice in an abstract framework originally conceived for the analysis of social choice and bargaining problems. Induced social choice correspondences are derived by considering alternatives which are invariant under permutations of the status quo point. We study in particular the fairness correspondence and a generalized Walrasian bargaining solution and establish links between the two concepts. The analysis in this article can be extended far beyond the point at which it ends.     

To Share or Not to Share: Modeling Tacit Knowledge Sharing,Its Mediators and Antecedents

Tacit knowledge sharing discussed in this study is important in the area of business ethics, because an unwillingness to share knowledge that may hurt an organization’s survival is seen as being seriously unethical. In the proposed model of this study, distributive justice, procedural justice, and cooperativeness influence tacit knowledge sharing indirectly via two mediators: organizational commitment and trust in co-workers. Accordingly, instrumental ties and expressive ties influence tacit knowledge sharing indirectly only via the mediation of trust in co-workers. The model is assessed by using data from different companies’ employees, who attend an evening college in Taiwan for advance study. The test results of this study indicate that tacit knowledge sharing is affected by distributive justice, procedural justice, and cooperativeness indirectly via organizational commitment. Additionally, tacit knowledge sharing is also affected by distributive justice, instrumental ties, and expressive ties via trust in co-workers. The paths from procedural justice and cooperativeness to trust in co-workers are shown to be insignificant. Managerial implications of the empirical findings are also provided. Chieh-Peng Lin is an Assistant Professor in the Graduate School of Business and Management, Vanung University, Taiwan. He had performed international business practices for several years and now focuses on the research related to consumer and organizational behaviors. His work has been published in a variety of journals including Journal of Business Ethics, International Journal of Service Industry Management, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, and so on.     

Service Recovery,Justice Perception,and Forgiveness: The “Other Customers” Perspectives

ABSTRACT

While extant research has examined the effects of service recovery on customer attitude and behavior, little is known about whether customers react differently to the same recovery depending on whether they are victims or observers of a service failure. Adopting the “other customers” perspectives, this study used a quasiexperimental design using scenarios in a professional services context with 267 U.S. respondents recruited from Qualtrics national online panel. We found that when compensation is offered, victims will perceive a higher level of distributive justice than observers. However, the effects of service recovery on forgiveness intention is stronger among observers than victims.     

The Mediating Role of Postrecovery Satisfaction in the Relationship between Justice Perceptions and Customer Attitudes

ABSTRACT

The present study advances the literature by examining the meditating roles of postrecovery satisfaction in the relationships between distributive and interactional justices, and postrecovery attitudes. The model is empirically tested using survey data collected from 600 telecommunications service customers; and analyzed using partial least squares technique. Results indicate that postrecovery satisfaction partially mediates the perceptions of justice in the recovery process and service quality as well as repurchase intention. It is the first study to examine postrecovery satisfaction as a mediator in understanding the impact of recovery justice (antecedent) on service quality (consequence) in the telecommunications service context.     

Direct and Multiplicative Effects of Ethical Dispositions and Ethical Climates on Personal Justice Norms: A Virtue Ethics Perspective

From virtue ethics and interactionist perspectives, we hypothesized that personal justice norms (distributive and procedural justice norms) were shaped directly and multiplicatively by ethical dispositions (equity sensitivity and need for structure) and ethical climates (egoistic, benevolent, and principle climates). We collected multisource data from 123 companies in Hong Kong, with personal factors assessed by participants’ self-reports and contextual factors by aggregations of their peers. In general, LISREL analyses with latent product variables supported the direct and multiplicative relationships. Our findings could lay the groundwork for justice research from a morality perspective in future.     

效率和公平的交响：以唯物史观为视域——兼评乔恩·埃尔斯特对马克思思想的理解

在一定意义上,效率与公平理论是唯物史观的基本内涵或一条主线。在经济学和唯物史观的不同视域中,效率和公平具有不同的规定性。在唯物史观中,效率是指生产力的发展,公平是指分配公平或分配正义。经济关系中的公平分配是最基本的维度,而效率又包含着人的发展和经济增长两个基本维度,其中人的发展具有根本性,是最终价值。效率与公平都与人的发展呈现一种直接相关或正相关的关系。效率与公平不构成一个矛盾,不形成一种冲突性关系,而是以人的发展为目标的交响。人的发展效率是衡量和界定效率与公平关系的根本准则。在人的发展问题上,效率和公平都是第一性的,不存在谁先谁后和彼此冲突的问题。     

Procedural and Distributive Justice: Examining Equity in a University Setting

The concept of organizational justice is important to understanding and predicting organizational behavior. A significant development in the research literature has been the separation of distributive and procedural justice. While much of the research has focused on negative outcomes, this research attempted to verify the presence of both forms of justice in the context of positive outcomes. Subjects completed an instrument designed to measure their perceptions of distributive and procedural justice. The subjects also reported their satisfaction and sense of fairness with their salary increases, their belief that the procedures to award the increases had been followed, and their level of information and agreement regarding the salary program. These measures, along with size of salary increase and gender were examined to determine their impact on the subjects' perceived level of justice. The data support the existence of the two distinct forms of justice, but suggest that procedural justice may, in turn, branch out into two aspects. One category involves being informed, and a second appears to deal with acceptance of procedures. A series of relationships are then considered. Significant gender effects were non-existent.     

The Influence of Perceived Justice on Recovery Satisfaction in the Airline Industry

This study examines the influence of perceived justice on customer satisfaction with service recovery and on the future behavioral intentions of customers in the airline industry. The study uses an exploratory research design that is quantitative in nature. Questionnaires were used to collect data, and structural equation modeling was used for hypothesis testing. The study revealed that the three dimensions of perceived justice, namely interactional, distributive and procedural justice, influence satisfaction with service recovery in the South African airline industry. However, only interactional and distributive justice had a positive influence on future behavioral intention.     

分配公平、经济效率与社会稳定的协调性研究:一个文献述评

长期以来,关于公平、效率、稳定三者内涵的讨论始终绵延不断,但已有研究重点偏向分配公平或经济效率或社会稳定等某一个问题上,没有将三者纳入一个完整的分析框架内。未来应明确界定分配公平、经济效率与社会稳定的协调性内涵与判断标准,构建三者协调性评价指标体系,探讨其协调性测度方法,并建立其协调性预警机制。     

The Influence of Distributive Justice on Lying for and Stealing from a Supervisor

In a controlled laboratory experiment, we found evidence for our predictions that participants who received fair distributive treatment were more likely to lie to give a supervisor a good performance evaluation than those treated unfairly, and those who received unfair distributive treatment were more likely to steal money from a supervisor than those treated fairly. We further proposed that the presence of an ethical code of conduct would moderate these relationships such that when the code was present these relationships would be weaker than when the code was absent, but we failed to find support for these moderating effects. Our findings suggest that the relationship between distributive justice and unethical behavior is likely more complex than previously considered. Both researchers and managers may benefit from a broader understanding of the factors that motivate and inhibit unethical behaviors intended to benefit and harm supervisors and/or organizations.     

The effects of distributive,procedural, and interactional justice on customer retention: An empirical investigation in the mobile telecom industry in Tunisia

The framework offered in this study provides empirical evidence concerning the interaction between distributive, procedural and interactional perceived justice and loyalty program satisfaction on relational satisfaction in the mobile telecommunication context. Firms that rely on justice perception for strategy implementation are able to attain customer retention. This study suggests a theoretical model of customer retention that aims at investigating the role of satisfaction with loyalty program on relationship marketing. The structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothetical relationships. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to a total of a convenience sample of 520 customers of multiple mobile phone companies. The target population includes customers who have subscribed to a loyalty program. Results show that distributive justice moderates the relationship between satisfaction with the loyalty program and relational satisfaction. The results highlight the need to focus on distributive justice in order to nurture satisfaction and loyalty. Satisfaction with the loyalty program is a key predictor of a satisfactory relationship with the operator and customer retention.