中国消费者奢侈品消费动机的实证研究

亚洲特别是中国正成为世界奢侈品的主要市场,但是受文化的影响,东西方消费者的奢侈品消费动机是不同的。本文回顾了东西方奢侈品消费动机的研究,及其文化背景原因,特别关注了儒家文化对于东亚消费者的影响;对中国消费者的奢侈品消费动机进行了实证分析,对于奢侈品市场细分策略提出了建议。     

Segmentation of German Consumers Based on Perceived Dimensions of Luxury Food

Recent trends in the German food sector have shifted and segmented consumer consumption motives toward indulgence, quality, and sustainability. Simultaneously, in Western countries there has been a change in luxury consumption motives, shifting emphasis to hedonism, self-actualization, and quality instead of prestige. These parallel developments give rise to the question of how food is related to luxury. This study investigates the perceived dimensions of luxury food and outlines a number of segmented consumer groups based on these dimensions. By means of principal component and cluster analyes, seven dimensions were revealed, which generated four consumer segments. Six of the perceived dimensions of luxury food correspond to those that are found within general luxury goods and services. Sustainability and authenticity form a further dimension, mirroring new luxury values. In the cluster analysis, two segments can be identified as target groups for classic premium foods, whereby one group is predominated by new luxury values and the other is expected to buy lower-quality food.     

弘扬民族工艺 开拓中国奢侈品发展之路

2011年中国奢侈品消费占全球份额1/4,几乎所有奢侈品都是国外品牌,庞大的市场需求和缺失的本土品牌形成鲜明对比,随着时间的推移这种反差还在继续加大。如何改变这种局面,如何让外流的消费回到国内为国民经济发展作贡献,本文通过分析中国奢侈品消费现状及成因,指出只有合理引导消费,加强消费者文化教育,培育本土品牌,才能彻底改变消费外溢、资金外流的局面,并且提出了将中国民族工艺和元素与现代设计理念相结合的方法来创建本土品牌,从而开拓中国奢侈品发展之路。     

Market Mavens in Social Media: Examining Young Chinese Consumers' Viral Marketing Attitude,eWOM Motive,and Behavior

A paper survey of 835 Chinese college students was conducted to examine young Chinese consumers' social media use, market mavenism, viral marketing attitude, and product recommendation behavior. Structural model testing results showed that young Chinese consumers' perceived pleasure, affection outcome expectation, and subjective norm of viral marketing affected their market mavenism while their subjective norm and pleasure influenced their viral marketing attitude. More importantly, young Chinese consumers' frequency of product recommendations on social networking websites was determined by their social media use, viral marketing attitude, and electronic word of mouth motive to help the company and market mavenism.     

Luxury values and experience as drivers for consumers to recommend and pay more

The study aims to analyse how individual and social luxury values affect the customers' attitude, behavioural control and subjective norms and how these variables and past experience influence the intentions to recommend and pay more for luxury clothing in the Brazilian market. Respondents were surveyed in the São Paulo area of Brazil through a panel sample and using an online survey during April and May 2012. The findings suggest that individual values influence intentions positively. Social values have a positive influence on subjective norms and a negative influence on behavioural control. Past experience does not influence intentions significantly. Extend the theory of planned behaviour introducing luxury values as external variables and past experience as a direct antecedent of intentions to pay more and to recommend the luxury brand.     

Segmenting Markets Along Multiple Dimensions of Luxury Value: The Case of India

abstract

This is one of the first investigations of consumer motivations for purchasing luxury brands in India, a country with an emerging middle class. It identifies four dimensions of luxury benefits for segmenting markets. These include the financial, functional, personal, and social benefits of luxury value. Using data collected from 329 respondents in Mumbai the study identifies nine luxury factors for purchase behavior. These are used for classifying respondents into three behavioral segments using cluster analysis. The first segment appears to buy luxury goods primarily for their snob appeal, the second segment for their prestige appeal, and the third for their value appeal. The results show that while many consumers may buy the same luxury goods, their motivations for doing so differ. The findings should help marketers tailor their messages to specific luxury-seeking segments. There are many papers on luxury brands but very few are from emerging markets. The results may be of great use to global brands that are looking for expansion due to slowdown condition across globe.     

中国奢侈品进入国外市场的障碍与对策

奢侈品具有稀缺、高价和超出一般物质无形价值符号的特性,并蕴含文化、精神、品位、生活追求和地位彰显等意义.通过对中国奢侈品的定义、特征及分类进行分析,探讨其进入国外市场的影响因素与主要障碍,为中国奢侈品企业进入国际市场发展提出相应对策.     

Fish Consumers: Environmental Attitudes and Purchasing Behavior

The objective of this study was to expand on the limited awareness of the U.S. fish consumer. Measures were tested through a Web-based national survey. The final survey consisted of 40 questions, including environmental awareness, food neophobia, fish consumption, reasons for consuming fish, and demographic variables. Correlations and t tests were used to analyze relationships between eating fish in restaurants and other variables. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to segment respondents into two groups based on their environmental awareness and neophylic/neophobic attitudes. EcoFish consumers were more likely to be male, eat fish for health and the environment, and eat fish at restaurants significantly more than the Indifferent Fish consumers. Restaurants can use these results to market to eco-friendly, health-conscious fish consumers.     

Prioritizing Geo-References: A Content Analysis of the Websites of Leading Global Luxury Fashion Brands

ABSTRACT

The current study investigates the extent to which various types of references to geographic entities are being used in communications with consumers on global websites of 15 leading luxury fashion brands. Using the Relevance-Distinctiveness-Believability framework, we posit that references to country of brand origin and to relatedness to developed Western countries are the most distinct and relevant and will be used more frequently than references to brand globalness and non-Western developed countries. We also suggest that Caucasian (i.e., “White”) models will be depicted more frequently than other ethnicities to further connect brands to Western countries. The analysis of 3,750 explicit-verbal, implicit-verbal, and non-verbal geo-references supports our predictions. These results suggest that, at least for the luxury fashion industry, the value of references to the country of brand origin and to the brand's relatedness to Western countries is substantially higher than the value of brand globalness. The article discusses the applicability of the RDB framework for prioritizing different types of geo-references and suggests venues for future research.     

中国消费者中外品牌偏好及关键影响因素实证研究

根据北京大学管理案例中心2004年7-10月在全国32个大中城市调查收集的数据,本文探讨了消费者中外品牌偏好的关键影响因素,研究发现年龄、受教育程度和家庭月收入是主要影响变量;试图探究影响中外品牌选择的深层次原因,研究得到"可转移价值因子"和"不可转移价值因子",它们能较好地解释中国消费者的品牌选择行为.最后针对如何开发中国市场提出了具体的营销建议.     

An Investigation of People's Time Orientation,Attitudes, and Behavior Toward Advertising in an International Context

ABSTRACT

Past studies have indicated that there are cross-cultural/national differences among people's perception of time and how they use time available for them and what factors affect their time-related purchasing and consumption decisions. It is stated that each culture or subculture could have its own dominant construct of time. The present study examines time use and orientation and time attitudes toward different activities, including advertising in an emerging economy of Georgia. Study results indicate that present orientation and consciousness of future, planning orientation, time saving, realization of present in the light of past, and action orientation are salient factors channeling time orientations of Georgian consumers.     

品牌形象对消费者行为倾向影响的实证研究

本文认为,品牌形象影响并决定着人们的购买和消费行为,独特的品牌形象可以帮助企业确立品牌定位,阻止品牌竞争,改善品牌的市场表现。品牌形象由品牌表现、品牌个性、公司形象三个维度构成,三者不存在层级关系。其中,品牌表现是影响消费者行为倾向的主要因素;品牌个性影响消费者行为倾向,但影响程度较弱;公司形象通过品牌表现和品牌个性间接影响消费者行为倾向,对消费者行为倾向无显著影响。文章提出,企业可以通过三种品牌形象进行品牌定位,即品牌功能属性定位、品牌个性定位、公司形象定位,品牌形象管理即企业进行品牌定位的过程。对于中国企业来讲,品牌个性和公司形象的定位更值得关注。开发独特的品牌形象,建立吸引人的差异化的品牌形象的品牌战略,加强企业品牌形象的推广,是提高顾客忠诚度的根本途径。     

Luxury patient experience (LPX): review,conceptualization, and future research directions

ABSTRACT

The article offers a much-needed definition and conceptualization of the luxury patient experience (LPX) through applying customer experience (CX) theory to the patient experience (PX). The author highlights the important differences between the luxury patient, regular patient, and/or patient on the bottom of the service pyramid. The article proposes the implications these differences have for successfully managing the luxury patient experience. Based upon an investigation of prior customer experience and patient experience research, the article submits a definition of both, patient experience and luxury patient experience. The luxury patient experience conceptualization will influence service providers and their experience design and implementation practices. The article outlines fruitful avenues for future research in the patient luxury experience domain by proposing a shift from healthcare to wealthcare.     

Why Consumers Don't Always Accurately Predict Their Own Future Behavior

There is much theoretical and empirical evidence that consumers' predictions of their future behavior are positively correlated with their actual subsequent behavior. However, consumers are not perfectly calibrated in predicting what they will do in the future. This article examines several factors that moderate the link between consumers' stated purchase intentions and their subsequent purchase behavior. Specifically, we examine how the relationship between purchase intentions and purchase behavior is moderated by (1) factors that affect how accurately respondents can represent their current intentions and (2) factors that affect how accurately respondents can predict whether and how their intentions will change over time. The article summarizes the extant literature and develops propositions for future research.     

非处方药品消费者信息搜寻行为的实证研究——以天津地区为例

当前OTC市场存在进入壁垒低,产品同质化严重,市场竞争激烈等问题.政府部门应继续完善药房、药店的监督管理法规并保障其执行;继续加大对药剂师的认证与培训工作的力度,杜绝社会上一些不良风气对药剂师的侵蚀,以提高其在消费者心目中的地位,更好地指导消费者合理用药.企业应把平价大药房和社区药房作为现阶段的营销重点,更多地运用媒体广告来向消费者传递信息,同时,努力把握消费者购买决策的全过程,以期在各个阶段都能有效地对其施加影响.     

Attitude of Muslim Consumers Toward Sex Appeal in Advertising: A Comparative Study Between Subcultures in Malaysia

This research was designed in order to explore the subculture differences in Malaysian consumers’ responses to sex appeal advertising. This study employs a 2 × 2 × 2 full factorial between subjects design. There are two levels of model gender (male/female), two levels of sex appeal (high/low), and two levels of religion of the subjects (Muslim/non-Muslim). When comparing Muslims and non-Muslims in the responses to the ads, it was generally found that Muslim subjects’ attitudes were significantly lower than non-Muslims attitudes toward the same ads. Future research should adopt a more representative sample and test different product categories.     

Understanding Attitude and Behavior of Canadian Consumers Toward Organic Wine

The main objective of this study is to identify the determinants of organic wine purchase and understand their effect in order to illustrate what influences whether Canadian consumers are willing to buy this special type of wine. The data for this study were collected across Canada by means of an online self-administered consumer questionnaire survey. Our major findings indicate that the attitude toward organic wine is defined mainly by consumers’ health consciousness and is negatively influenced by the wine involvement pleasure experienced with regular wine. Interestingly, Canadians are not forming positive attitudes toward organic wine based on their knowledge of organic production and its offering. The main predictors of organic wine purchase are attitude toward organic wine and wine involvement interest. Unexpectedly, price consciousness was not found to be a good predictor of organic wine purchase.     

消费观念与消费行为实证研究

通过构建消费观念的品牌性消费观念、超前性消费观念、实用性消费观念,并在"新消费文化观念构建"的调研数据的基础上,本文对消费行为和消费意向展开实证分析,研究结果表明品牌性消费观念和超前性消费观念对消费意向和消费行为均有正的影响,实用性消费观念对消费意向有负的影响,对消费行为有正的影响。     

中国绿色食品消费群体市场细分研究——基于修正的食品相关生活方式量表

在中国频繁发生食品安全问题的大环境下,食品安全消费的研究就显得十分重要。文章对西方背景下开发的食品相关生活方式量表进行适合中国市场和文化的修正,并基于修正量表对中国食品消费者进行市场细分,经过两步骤聚类分析得出5个细分市场,分别是“传统居家型”（7.5%）、“保守节约型”（16.6%）、“现代都市型”（19.5%）、“享乐探险型”（23.8%）、“淡漠便利型”（32.6%）,并从中识别出“享乐探险型”“保守节约型”“传统居家型”三个细分市场为绿色食品消费群体,“现代都市型”为潜在绿色食品消费群体,“淡漠便利型”为非绿色食品消费群体,最后根据不同细分市场的特点为绿色食品企业提供营销建议。     

基于奢侈度的奢侈品定义及管理研究

对于奢侈品一直没有被广泛接受的、可以量化的定义,为了更好引导居民的奢侈品消费,提高政府的奢侈品管理效率,本文在总结关于奢侈品定义的历史研究的基础上,通过问卷调查的方法,提出了基于奢侈度的奢侈品定义,并探讨了对于拉动内需而言政府可以采取的相应政策。