Effects of Various Types of Cause-Related Marketing (CRM) Ad Appeals on Consumers' Visual Attention,Perceptions, and Purchase Intentions

ABSTRACT

The study examined whether various types of cause-related marketing (CRM) appeals (informational, emotional, or a combination of the two) influenced visual attention, as captured by eye fixation, and perceptions of the company and the ad, thus, leading to purchase intentions. The results suggest that a combined appeal generates more favorable responses to the ad. An eye-tracking experiment showed that an informational ad led to longer visual attention, and that visual attention was affected by the level of consumers' cause involvement. Visual attention had a negative impact on company credibility. Company credibility mediated the relationship between visual attention and CRM ad attitudes.     

A comprehensive review on logo literature: research topics,findings, and future directions

ABSTRACT

Logos as a visual cue can help firms communicate their unique identities and capture consumers’ attention. Despite the importance and prevalent use of logos, the logo literature remains fragmented. Hence, this article attempts to provide an overarching research framework based on an extensive and comprehensive review of the existing logo literature. Specifically, we review 124 studies published in business journals over the past 30 years, and classify them into six major research topics: 1) theoretical foundations, 2) logo design/redesign, 3) basic logo elements, 4) additional logo elements, 5) outcomes of logo use, and 6) practical applications of logo use. Finally, we suggest future research directions for academics and provide practitioners with guidelines that help manage logos for their businesses.     

Overcoming Consumer Skepticism in Cause-Related Marketing: The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility and Donation Size Claim Objectivity

Even though cause-related marketing has become an increasingly popular marketing tool, consumers have become skeptical about this strategy. Consumer skepticism is likely to lower the acceptance of advertising claims. The current study investigates how marketers might minimize consumer skepticism by varying the level of perceived corporate social responsibility and the level of claim objectivity regarding donation size. The results indicated that consumers were more likely to disbelieve the ad claim when the advertiser was perceived to be socially irresponsible than responsible. In addition, consumers were more likely to disbelieve the ad claim when the donation size was stated subjectively than objectively.     

The Impact of Moral Emotions on Cause-Related Marketing Campaigns: A Cross-Cultural Examination

This research was focused on investigating why some consumers might support cause-related marketing campaigns for reasons other than personal benefit by examining the influence of moral emotions and cultural orientation. The authors investigated the extent to which moral emotions operate differently across a cultural variable (US versus Korea) and an individual difference variable (self-construal). A survey method was utilised. Data were collected from a convenience sample of US (n = 180) and Korean (n = 191) undergraduates. Moral emotions significantly influenced purchase intention for a social-cause product. The influence of an ego-focused moral emotion (i.e., pride) on purchase intention was greater for US than Korean participants. The influence of another-focused moral emotion (i.e., guilt) on purchase intention was greater for high-interdependent participants than for low-interdependent participants. The findings of this research provide important and relevant implications to marketers and policy makers in developing persuasive messages and customer relationship programmes.     

A Study on the Effect of Cause-Related Marketing on the Attitude Towards the Brand: The Case of Pepsi in Spain

SUMMARY

CRM is an effective tool for differentiating brands and for obtaining emotional positioning among consumers. However, an utilitarian use of this tool might be counteractive. This research aims to better understand the effect of CRM on attitude towards the brand. For this purpose, Pepsi's CRM campaigns in Spain have been analyzed. Results show that, unexpectedly, CRM campaigns might lead to adverse effects as a result of the mercantilist abuse of the concept of solidarity.     

面对加入WTO 强化国际营销中的品牌营销

加入WTO给中国带来了很大机遇,也带来了严峻的挑战。要在国际贸易和营销中取得胜利,重要措施之一就是要强化品牌营销。品牌和商标对营销者和顾客都具有重要作用,而我国的品牌营销存在许多问题。针对我国国际营销的环境和存在的问题,我国应采取一些措施以强化品牌营销。     

The Role of Trust in Understanding the Impact of Social Media Marketing on Brand Equity and Brand Loyalty

Abstract

In this era, social media platform is integrated into the marketing strategy. This new technology sets out new mechanisms and communication tools that companies can rely on to interact and engage with actual and potential customers. This study aimed at exploring the impact of social media marketing activities (SMM) on brand loyalty via brand trust and brand equity. Based on an online survey of 287 users who follow telecommunications companies on social media located in Egypt, data was collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results revealed that SMM activities comprise only three dimensions; trendiness, customization and word-of-mouth. These attributes of social media marketing directly influence brand loyalty and indirectly influence brand equity mediated by brand trust. The study emphasis the role of trust and provide guidance toward measuring the effectiveness of social media marketing.     

Influences of Identified Victim Images on Processing Fluency

The aim of this study was to explore whether identifiable victim and processing fluency effects would be confirmed in the context of a charity ad encouraging viewers to help a victim in need. The processing fluency was examined by both objective fluency data captured by eye movement and subjective experiences of processing fluency. An eye-tracking experiment (N = 197) found a message that was easy to process required little time to process. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance revealed that participants in the identified victim condition experienced a greater fluency. A victim’s sad face versus happy face caused viewers’ emotional contagion into the victim’s negative emotional state, and this negative affect guided information processing. The objective fluency was found to mediate the effect of viewers’ negative affect on their sympathetic state, which in turn led to a greater willingness to help the victim in need.     

Logo design in marketing communications: Brand logo complexity moderates exposure effects on brand recognition and brand attitude

Although good logos are essential for creating brand awareness and brand equity, the effects of logo design features have not been tested empirically. Extending previous findings regarding the effects of design complexity and exposure in advertising to the field of brand logos, two experiments tested the effects of logo complexity and exposure on brand recognition and brand attitude. It was hypothesized that logo complexity moderates the effects of exposure on logo recognition and brand attitudes, such that exposure increases recognition and positively impacts brand attitudes in particular for complex logos. Experiment 1 (N = 68) tested the effects of six unfamiliar logos on recognition (in milliseconds) in a 2 (logo design complexity: simple vs complex) × 2 (logo exposure: one vs four) mixed design. Experiment 2 (N = 164) tested the effects of eight familiar logos on logo recognition and brand attitudes in a 2 (complexity: simple vs complex) × 2 (logo exposure: well-established vs recently established) within-subjects design. Findings showed that increases in exposure led to an increase in brand recognition and to more positive attitudes in particular for complex brand logos, suggesting short-term benefits for simple brand logos, and long-term benefits for complex logos.     

浅析我国企业品牌营销的对策

在市场竞争中,品牌意识决定着品牌形象的文化品位和档次,反映了企业的追求和精神境界,成为制胜的关键。迄今,我国很多企业还没有树立起正确的品牌意识观,出口产品品牌化程度及品牌价值低,致使产品销路不畅。我国企业应根据自身的条件与特点,提升品牌竞争意识,实施品牌营销战略,只有把"中国制造"变成"中国品牌,"才能在国际市场上占有更大份额,夺取佳绩。     

Advertising archetypes’ impact on physician engagement and behavior in the context of healthcare products

The pharmaceutical industry spends billions annually on marketing to physicians (over $4.3 billion in 2014). The industry as a whole has a lot of experience in determining what to say to physicians, but it is less confident when it comes to how to say it—sometimes leading to advertising that does not engage, thereby costing sales. In an effort to define a set of rule‐based guidelines for effective pharma branding, the study adapts the primary Jungian archetypes to develop the first collection of archetypal tones of voice for healthcare products. The study here demonstrates, via a series of fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analyses that well executed ads following an archetype consistently connect with physician audiences, while nonarchetypal healthcare ads demonstrate an inconsistent performance. Such an analysis would traditionally take the form of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), but NHST provides substantially less insights than algorithm modeling and the use of fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis as this study describes.     

黑龙江省农产品市场营销面临的问题及对策

当前,黑龙江省农产品营销存在着市场调查滞后,市场定位不准确、品牌营销落后、分销渠道不畅、营销方式过于传统、产品分级与包装不科学、物流技术不完善等问题。应大力开展农产品市场调研工作,积极实施农产品品牌营销战略,加强农产品的绿色营销,组建头龙企业、培植市场营销主体,加大物流技术建设及物流投资力度,政府机构要多加以支持。     

基于物流网络的企业品牌营销发展模式研究

本文试图在物流网络视角下构建企业品牌营销发展模式,通过建立一个多主体博弈模型,描述企业、政府、消费者三方主体的行为激励,以及求解最佳行为均衡策略,提出企业品牌营销发展模式中各经济主体应采取哪些有效措施,以促进由企业为主导的微观经济主体结合物流网络发展品牌营销,实现企业、政府、消费者三方共赢。     

实施品牌营销战略促进商业银行发展

金融品牌是为金融产品而设计的名称、术语或符号,可以维护银行信誉,提升客户忠诚度,促进商业银行发展。但目前,我国商业银行在品牌营销方面还存在很多问题,如产品定位雷同、缺乏品牌创新、缺乏统一的品牌管理和品牌保护等,而公众对金融品牌的消费意识也非常弱,本文阐述了商业银行实施品牌营销的意义,分析了一系列问题,并提出了相关对策。     

The Marketing of Organic Products: An Instrumental/Symbolic Perspective

ABSTRACT

The fact that organic products are growing in popularity is indisputable. This article looks at organics from an instrumental/symbolic perspective and discusses the marketing implications associated with this perspective. Additionally, the article identifies a number of issues for future research that should be examined in the context of organic product marketing.     

Marketing Innovativeness on Marketing Performance: Role of Religio-Centric Relational Marketing Strategy

Abstract

This paper is an empirical study aimed at investigating the effect of marketing innovativeness, market sensing capabilities and customer relationship management on marketing performance. The researchers tried to develop and solve the problem of the gap between marketing innovativeness and marketing performance. The respondents of this study were 318. Some of them are leaders or owners of SMEs Muslim fashion in Central Java, Indonesia. Data was analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the study show that marketing innovativeness (MI) has no significant effect on marketing performance (MP), while market sensing capabilities (MSC) and Customer Relationship Management Capabilities (CRMC) have a significant effect on marketing performance. Likewise, marketing innovativeness, market sensing capabilities, and CRM capabilities have a significant effect on the religio-centric relational marketing strategy. Furthermore, religio-centric relational marketing strategy (RRMS) is able to mediate the relationship between marketing innovativeness and marketing performance.     

如何使广告在建立品牌和市场营销中发挥最佳效果

中国企业已经在有意识的树立品牌和进行市场营销,但是如何使广告在建立品牌和市场营销中发挥最佳效果?中国企业在此问题上存在误区。为此,企业在制定广告策略时应该合理分配广告预算,坚持广告宣传的持久定力和采用多媒体的广告宣传方案,以此来达到最好的广告投入性价比。     

Conceptualization of Brand Experience in an Event Marketing Context

ABSTRACT

Despite the growing importance of brand experience and event marketing, research addressing what constitutes brand experience in an event marketing context is scarce. The purpose of this article is to develop a conceptualization of brand experience that is specifically applicable to an event marketing context. Drawing on qualitative data collected from an international motor show, which is an important form of event marketing in the automotive industry, this article develops a conceptualization of brand experience as consumers' multifaceted interaction with brands enabled through four interrelated processes of multisensory stimulation, bodily performance, social interaction, and discovery/learning. In turn, these four interaction processes trigger perceptual, embodied, social, and epistemic brand experience. Drawing on data and the relevant literature, the article elaborates on these dimensions of brand experience and discusses their theoretical and managerial implications.     

Fluency in Commercial Breaks: The Impact of Repetition and Conceptual Priming on Brand Memory,Evaluation, and Behavioral Intentions

Although sold by television channels for high fees, the effectiveness of tandem-spots and brand exclusivity has not been investigated so far. A 2?×?2 between-subjects experiment (N?=?325) was conducted to investigate the effects of repetition (tandem-spot) and conceptual priming (competing spot) on brand memory, evaluation, and behavioral intentions toward the brand, while applying the processing fluency construct as theoretical foundation. Tandem-spots improved brand recall, but no significant effects were found concerning brand evaluation or behavioral intentions. Competing spots meanwhile acted as conceptual primes, enhancing brand memory, evaluation, and behavioral intentions. These findings partially contradict offerings and recommendations made by television channels.     

浅议北京奥运会产品营销的策略与对策

随着2008年北京奥运会的日益临近,越来越多的企业以前所未有的热情,投入到奥运营销热潮中来。与国际成熟品牌的奥运营销经验相比,国内企业对于奥运营销的真正实施策略缺乏透彻的了解,没有领会到奥运营销与企业品牌传播之间的真正内在联系,没有建立起一套适合奥运营销规律的整合传播策略体系。