矿区经济转型期土地利用问题及破解途径分析—以石家庄市井陉矿区为例

采用实地调查的方法,以石家庄市井陉矿区调查的一手资料为数据来源进行研究。通过分析石家庄市井陉矿区土地利用的特点,总结了其经济转型期的土地利用存在的几个主要矛盾:工矿用地快速增长与保护耕地之间的矛盾,地质地貌破坏与社会经济发展之间的矛盾,经济转型与土地规划实施之间的矛盾。研究认为:土地可持续利用是矿区由地下经济向地上经济转型的重要保障,需做好新一轮土地利用规划,土地节约集约利用是当前用地的重要发展方向。     

Land use planning policies and market forces: Utopian aspirations thwarted?

This paper asks the question, to what extent do market forces limit planning policies? It delves into the constraining relationship of market forces on planning by reference to urban policies in the UK. In this context market forces are defined as dominant long term spatial economic trends which promote decentralisation. The essay uses policy case studies to develop its arguments. In general planning is shown to suffer from the lack of a systematic analysis of land use markets. Yet at its heart planning not only regulates/constrains the property market it also shapes and stimulates it. Planning is found to be most successful when it is shaping urban growth and decentralisation. It is a fundamentally different task to stem market flows and the probability of success is very different. Market forces do limit routes to Utopian aspirations but planners need the motivation, understanding and means to work with the market to produce desired outcomes.     

Integrating urban climate into urban master plans using spatially distributed information—The Seoul example

The main aim of this paper is to examine ways to integrate urban climate information into urban planning using spatially distributed information. To achieve this, the structures of urban planning in the study area and their contents concerning climate issues were examined. Spatially distributed information on ventilation, air quality and thermal situation in the study area was generated using the CAMPUS framework, which is a set of climate analysis and evaluation tools suitable for planning purposes. Finally, urban planning strategies concerning ventilation, air quality and thermal situation were suggested, and planning measures for implementing the planning strategies were recommended. This study will contribute to a discussion on how urban climate information can be more efficiently considered in urban spatial planning. Furthermore, the information generated in this study can support the development of an evaluative framework for the integration of the climate information into the environmental assessment process, e.g. the implementation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in urban planning.     

Rural land use policy at the local level : Mechanisms for collaboration

Countryside policies in the UK suffer from a lack of integration, and this may give rise to unbalanced or conflicting land use at the local level. Nevertheless, the UK policy-making style is typically one of consensus, and is thus conducive to collaboration between apparently conflicting Interest groups. This article examines five case studies in which multi-agency fora have been established to resolve local land use and economic development issues. Typically, they are initiated by planning authorities and entail the production of land use plans even though there are few planning powers over rural land. The success of the exercises is evaluated and it is noted that, although their performance is imperfect, there are distinct areas in which progress may be made.     

土地储备对房地产市场的影响

我国实施土地储备的目标之一就是有利于政府对土地市场的集中统一管理,从而实现土地买方市场向卖方市场的转变,增加政府调控土地市场的能力。文章在分析土地储备实施效果以及土地供给、地价和房价的关系的基础上,提出通过土地储备、城市规划、土地规划等使土地市场供给信息公开化,使企业和公众形成合理预期来进一步完善我国土地市场的建议。     

Land consolidation in Cyprus: Why is an Integrated Planning and Decision Support System required?

This paper explores issues of land fragmentation, consolidation and reallocation and argues that a new planning support system for land consolidation is needed in Cyprus because of the long duration of projects, the high operational costs and the conflicts between the stakeholders involved. An Integrated Planning and Decision Support System is proposed that integrates artificial intelligence technologies and multi-criteria decision methods with a geographical information system for use in routine land consolidation planning as well as for undertaking ex ante evaluations of land consolidation projects, as required by the European Union. A framework is provided which shows how the system will contribute to reducing the problems associated with the land consolidation process.     

房山山区八乡镇土地规划编制信息系统的设计与实现

目前的土地管理信息系统建设多以服务于日常管理的系统为主,专业系统尚处在探讨阶段。以房山山区为例,介绍县级土地规划编制信息系统的数据库、规划模型以及规划管理的设计与实现,对于当前的土地利用规划修编具有重要的参考价值。     

基于平原高潜水位采煤塌陷区的人工湿地规划研究——以淮南张集矿区为例

人工湿地的规划研究对改变采煤塌陷区传统的复垦方式具有重要意义.以淮南张集矿区为例.采用文献资料法和实证分析法,在分析张集采煤塌陷区现状和特点的基础上,提出了"一湖一带一区一荡"的规划模式.结果表明该模式能带来很好的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益,促进当地社会经济的发展.     

Agricultural landscape dynamics in response to economic transition: Comparisons between different spatial planning zones in Ningbo region,China

Many major agricultural regions worldwide are experiencing drastic landscape transformations. Examining the complex links among agricultural landscape dynamics (ALD), land use and land cover (LULC) change, socioeconomic development and government planning is pivotal to enhance the efficiency of agricultural landscape management. With a case of the Ningbo region (China), this paper employs the structural equation modeling (SEM) to quantify and compare the relationships between ALD and economic transition as well as the mediating LULC factors in different spatial planning zones. ALD are quantified by time series remotely sensed imageries and a set of landscape metrics; and economic transition is described by a set of indicators from three aspects (globalization, decentralization and marketization). Results show that ALD present similar trend in the two spatial planning zones between 1979 and 2013. However, the magnitude of ALD is larger in the non-urban planning zone. In particular, agricultural landscapes change into the fragmented, irregular, decreased, and isolated patterns at a more rapid pace. Economic transition drivers and LULC mediators differ remarkably between the two spatial planning zones. For the urban planning zone, economic transition influences ALD through construction land morphological changes and water body spatial density increases. For the non-urban planning zone, economic transition influences ALD through forest morphological changes and construction land spatial density increases. In addition, the relative importance of ALD determinants differs between the two spatial planning zones. Marketization plays a more critical role in driving ALD in the urban planning zone, while decentralization has a stronger impact on ALD in the non-urban planning zone. It is argued that land use master plan for agricultural landscape protection should be implemented in the non-urban planning zones and land use plan in the two spatial planning zones should be integrated. This study contributes to the understanding of the complex mechanism of ALD in response to economic transition.     

土地利用现状遥感修编调查的必要性及技术可行性

研究目的:目前欠缺对遥感技术在土地利用现状调查中产生的误差大小,以及其能否满足土地利用现状调查精度要求这方面的定量分析研究工作.从遥感混合像元成像原理、误差产生过程、随机误差的概率分布等方面分析了遥感调查误差的大小.研究方法:定量分析法.研究结果:采用SPOT-5遥感数据进行土地利用现状修编调查是一种经济有效的方法;同时提出了具体的工作方法步骤,以保证修编调查成果的精度.     

Brownfield regeneration in Europe: Identifying stakeholder perceptions,concerns, attitudes and information needs

Brownfield areas are a major concern in Europe because they are often extensive, persistent in time and compromise stakeholders’ interests. Moreover, due to their complex nature, from the decision-making point of view, the regeneration of brownfields is a challenging problem requiring the involvement of the whole range of stakeholders. Many studies, projects and organisations have recognised the importance of stakeholder involvement and have promoted public participation. However, comprehensive studies providing an overview of stakeholders’ perceptions, concerns, attitudes and information needs when dealing with brownfield regeneration are still missing.This paper presents and discusses a participatory methodology applied to stakeholders from five European countries to fill this research gap, to develop a system to support the categorisation of the needed information and to support the understanding of which typology of information is the most relevant for specific categories of stakeholders also in relation with their concerns.The engagement process consists of five phases: (i) planning and preparatory work, (ii) identification of stakeholder categories, (iii) engagement activities (e.g. focus groups and workshops), (iv) submission of a questionnaire and (v) provision of feedback to the involved stakeholders.Thanks to this process, appropriate stakeholders have been identified as well as their perceptions, concerns, attitudes and information needs. Stakeholders’ perceptions proved to be different according to the country: German and Italian stakeholders perceive brownfields as complex systems, where several issues need to be addressed, while Romanian stakeholders consider contamination as almost the only issue to be addressed; Czech and Polish stakeholders address an intermediate number of issues. Attitudes and concerns seemed to be quite similar between countries. As far as information needs are concerned, similarities between some groups of stakeholders have been noticed: site owners and problem holders are primarily interested in information on planning and financing, while authorities and services providers are interested in more technical aspects like investigation, planning and risk assessment. Some outstanding outcomes emerged from the scientific community and research group, which showed an interest for remediation strategies and options and socio-economic aspects.The research outcomes allowed to create a knowledge base for the future development of tailored and customised approaches and tools for stakeholders working in the brownfield regeneration field.     

Evading spatial planning law—Case study of poland

Spatial planning is a part of a general system of social and economic planning in Poland. Although it aims at promoting spatial order and sustainable development, it may sometimes stand in contradiction with the interests of various groups and players. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ways of evading the planning law system by various actors in Poland. Recent examples are discussed and an assessment of the misused regulations is conducted. Case studies are followed by a general evaluation of the Polish legislative techniques and the planning system. To conclude, the paper outlines the most important recommendations for planners and urban officials to prepare more accurate and precise plans and acts of law in order to improve the legislative technique in spatial planning.     

2015年土地科学研究重点进展评述及2016年展望—— 土地资源与利用规划分报告

研究目的:总结2015年国内外土地资源与利用规划方面的研究进展,展望2016年国内研究趋势。研究方法:文献调研法。研究结果:(1)土地资源领域,土地资源保护、土地生态等是国内外学者的共同关注热点,此外,国内学者还关注土地资源基础理论、土地资源分类与调查、土地资源评价等,国外学者对此关注较少;(2)土地利用规划领域,国内外土地利用/覆被变化研究分别偏重社会经济宏观驱动因素与具体微观驱动因素,国内土地利用规划研究注重编制技术优化、规划实施评估及规划协同,国外学者则注重规划理论、规划原则及政策属性的探讨。研究结论:创新土地资源基础理论研究;细化土地资源本底要素研究;构建自然资源资产分类与调查方法体系;开展国土空间合理利用评价,优化土地资源评价指标体系构建方法;加强农用地数量质量研究,深化生态保护红线管控机制研究;探讨土地利用规划促进统一空间规划体系的作用等将是2016年及未来土地资源与利用规划领域着重研究的方向。     

Towards a sustainable capacity expansion of the Danish biogas sector

Promotion of bioenergy production is an important contemporary topic around the world. Vast amounts of research are allocated towards analysing and understanding bioenergy systems, which are by nature multi-faceted. Despite a focus on the deployment of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods for planning of bioenergy systems, only little research has addressed the location component of bioenergy facility planning. In this paper the authors develop a model for sustainable capacity expansion of the Danish biogas sector allowing for an identification and prioritization of suitable locations for biogas production. The model builds on a framework for spatial planning and decision making through the application of spatial multi-criteria evaluation (SMCE). The paper is structured around a case study including four Danish municipalities in order to demonstrate the power of the spatial multi-criteria evaluation model. The model allows a two level comparison of suitability, within municipalities as well as between municipalities. Criteria weights for generation of alternatives are obtained through an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) analysis, carried out among a group of Danish central governmental decision makers. We find that resource and production economic criteria are given highest priority followed by environmental and social criteria. In all four case study municipalities, the identified alternatives are compared through incorporating economic, environmental and social criteria. It is found that 4–6% of the municipal area is suitable for biogas facility location and among the best performing sustainable locations the potential of reducing overall production costs is 3% as compared with current biogas plants. The results of this paper can provide support to central governmental decision makers, regarding regional allocation of subsidies in the country. Likewise local decision makers can obtain important information for planning and decision support, allowing for a more inclusive and transparent planning procedure.     

Land economic rent computation for urban planning and fiscal purposes

This article proposes an innovative methodology to compute economic rents of land designed to current or potential offices uses. It consists in the establishment of a cause-and-effect relation between offices’ price levels and correspondent levels of land rent, considering the main factors that influence property prices, the ones that guide public and private activities’ location decisions and the inter-dependencies between land and real estate property markets. The rationale subjacent to this research is that land economic rent is determined by the difference between offices market price and a set of costs correspondent to land acquisition, planning and building processes, and a profit margin. An assessment of surplus values is provided in order to compute it as the difference between total land market value (land economic rent plus economic return on land use) and correspondent tributary patrimonial-value according to legal valuation proceedings (settled on property law). In order to reach these goals, variables that exert influence on urban planning and municipal management were identified, an urban management information system was designed and implemented, and an integrated and interactive model to support decisions in urban planning – concerning real estate offices and land prices and characteristics – was developed. These tools were applied as a case study to Oporto city (Portugal). They embody updating functionalities, setting up as an on-going support to policies of municipal land use management (particularly applied to offices uses). A proposal is made to integrate similar models in territorial plans as valuation tools to support better approaches to assess the impact of planning decisions on real estate and land values, thus informing a more equitable, efficient and local-based tax basis. Implications of this analysis for urban planning and fiscal settings are proposed.     

Spatial analyses of emerging and fading wind energy landscapes in Denmark

The development of wind energy in Denmark goes back 30 years, during which the technology was commercialised, up scaled and a series of planning systems were developed. After the millennium, the impact on landscapes increased, the planning regime failed and economic conditions were worsened with the removal of the fixed feed in tariff. The earlier forerunner country is left in the lee of the internationally boosting wind energy business. From a land use policy view it is interesting to analyse how this has happened and what impact the planning policy has had on the landscape effect of wind energy. In order to analyse the impact of wind turbine development through times and on the population of a region, the present paper analyses by means of geographical information systems and in time steps. The spatial relations between population, landscapes and the wind turbine development from 1982 to 2007 were modelled for the Northern Jutland region by means of proximity, density and visibility analyses. Results indicate that development was not continuous and impact on landscape and population was closely related to technology development. The paper concludes on the use of these methods and on the effectiveness of planning regimes.     

中国土地规划管理工作的回顾与展望

研究目的：通过对中国不同时期土地利用规划发展状况进行回顾和比较,探索新时期土地利用规划的方向及土地利用规划的任务和编制方法。研究方法：综合分析法,比较法。研究结论：中国土地利用规划的发展过程与不同时期经济体制紧密相连。现阶段土地利用规划机遇和挑战并存,既承担着综合平衡各业用地需求的责任,又承担着参与宏观调控的任务。土地利用规划将向地位强化、体系科学化、编制方法现代化、编制实施过程公开化和规划管理法制化方向发展。     

Is Oregon's land use planning program conserving forest and farm land? A review of the evidence

Planners have long been interested in understanding ways in which land use planning approaches play out on the ground and planning scholars have approached the task of evaluating such effects using a variety of methods. Oregon, in particular, has been the focus of numerous studies owing to its early-adopted and widely recognized statewide approach to farm and forest land protection and recent experiment with relaxation of that approach in 2004 with the passage of ballot Measure 37. In this paper we review research-based evidence regarding the forest and farm land conservation effects of Oregon land use planning. We document the evolution of methods used in evaluating state land use planning program performance, including trend analysis, indicator analysis, empirical models, and analysis of indirect effects on the economic viability of forestry and farming. We also draw on data documenting Measure 37 claims to consider the degree to which Measure 37 might have altered land use and development trends had its impacts not been tempered by a subsequent ballot measure – Measure 49. Finally, we provide a synthesis of the current state of knowledge and suggest opportunities for future research. Common to nearly all of the studies we reviewed was an acknowledgement of the difficulty in establishing causal relationships between land use planning and land use change given the many exogenous and endogenous factors involved. Despite these difficulties, we conclude that sufficient evidence does exist to suggest that Oregon's land use planning program is contributing a measurable degree of protection to forest and farm land in the state.     

Classifying households for water demand forecasting using physical property characteristics

Changes in population distribution across Europe are driving the construction of substantial numbers of new houses, creating a need to forecast water demand for new housing developments. The most certain information available on new households during planning are the physical characteristics of the properties themselves. This paper sets out to establish how to classify properties in terms of their physical characteristics for the purpose of forecasting water demand. Analysis of household water demand under a univariate classification of property type showed significant differences for properties of different size (number of bedrooms), architectural type (e.g. flats vs. terraced) and garden presence but not for age or for garden aspect. Analysis of household water demand under a multivariate classification of property type showed fewer significant differences between property types. The results of the study were compared to studies and found to fit qualitatively. However, quantitative differences were noted indicating geographical and sampling variation which requires further investigation. In addition, further research is required to determine the relative certainty of forecasts derived from physical vs. socio-economic or demographic characteristics.     

我国矿业经济分区问题研究的回顾与展望

目前,我国已形成了一个包含矿业战略区、矿业规划区和矿业经济区三大领域的多目标、多层次、面区点相结合的矿业经济分区体系.我国的矿业经济分区工作是从计划经济时期的矿产资源经济区划工作开始的,目前已形成与市场经济体制相适应的矿业经济分区工作.我国矿业经济分区层次和主要方法包括矿产资源经济区划和矿产资源规划区.为完善矿产资源分区工作,今后应夯实矿业经济分区理论,完善矿业经济分区体系,提出相应的矿产资源分区政策.