对现代经济增长理论的反思——来自亚当·斯密的启示

文章分别阐述了亚当·斯密和现代的经济增长理论 ,提出两者存在着互补性。尤其亚当·斯密增长理论中有关相对价格变动对经济增长过程影响的思想能够促进内生增长理论的进一步完善和发展。     

行业剩余与经济增长

一 分工、行业与剩余 亚当·斯密将经济增长定义为:一国国民财富或社会财富的增长,其表现为国民生产总值或国内生产总值或国民收入的增长。经济增长是一个实证性概念,侧重于效率,只有高的效率才能带来高的经济增长。它不同于经济发展,经济发展是一个规范性概念,发展包括了社会各个方面的均衡进步,它强调公平。从这个角度说。经济增长和经济发展是一个矛盾的概念。经济的增长不可能同时     

亚当·斯密财富增长理论探析

市场经济理论之父亚当·斯密 ,最早系统分析了财富增长的源泉及促进财富增长的制度安排 ,他所提出的财富增长理论 ,不仅影响了西方市场经济几百年的发展方向 ,而且对已经迈入市场经济的当代中国也有着巨大的启示作用     

经济增长理论演进文献综述

英国古典经济学家亚当?斯密(1776)在其著作《国富论》中,第一次进行了关于如何实现经济增长的讨论,他认为自由竞争的市场经济之于经济增长是有促进作用的.从此之后,各个国家的经济学家不遗余力地进行经济增长方面的研究,一时之间经济增长和经济增长理论成为经济学的核心问题之一.阐释经济之所以增长的理论在不断进化中,这段演进历史,也是经济学家不断寻找经济增长源泉,以及对经济增长路径分析的过程.     

新经济条件下经济增长方式的转变

一、对传统经济增长理论的简要分析 1.古典增长理论。古典增长理论是由亚当·斯密、托马斯·马尔萨斯、大卫·李嘉图和约翰·穆勒为主要代表的英国古典经济学家们共同创建的。他们认识到,一部分社会产品的积累和投资是推动经济增长的主要动力,在资本主义条件下,主要采取的是利润再投资的形式。在取得了这种认识之     

农业劳动生产率与农业劳动力转移相关增长规律初探

城市与非农产业的扩张决定着农业劳动力转移的规模与速度。但又是什么因素决定着城市与非农产业扩张呢?亚当·斯密指出:“都市的增设,决不能超过农村耕作情况和改良情况所能支持的限度。”又说:“都市财富的增长与规模扩大,都是乡村耕作及改良事业发展的结果,而且按照乡村耕作及改良事业发展的比例而增长扩大。’[参见:亚当·斯密<国家财     

对亚当·斯密理论人性基础的探析

亚当·斯密(Adam Smith),18世纪英国著名的经济学家和伦理学家,是现代经济学的主要创立者.其一生奉献了两部传世经典:《道德情操论》和《国富论》.后者的全称是《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》,主要探讨国民收入和财富是如何构成、增加、以及国家(或君主)的收支怎样支配是合理的.同时也成就了亚当·斯密作为"经济学之父"的不朽名声.     

生产力论对财富论的超越——李斯特对后发国家的重大理论贡献

在经济活动中,是财富重要还是生产财富的能力更重要,经济思想史并未给出一个清晰而肯定的答案。文章开启尘封已久的李斯特生产力论,指出它对以亚当·斯密为代表的财富论的超越,充分肯定它对后发国家加快发展作出的重大理论贡献。     

八大经济学流派关于经济增长问题的综述

经济增长指的是在一定时期内,一个国家人均收入水平的不断增加,其高低反映了国家或者地区的经济增长速度.除此之外,经济增长也能在一定程度上衡量一个国家或者地区的总体经济实力状况.自古以来经济增长问题就是社会必不可少的重要话题.在《国富论》被亚当·斯密发表以后,众多学派的经济学家就开始对经济增长问题产生了兴趣并进行了大量的研究.长时期以来,经济学家们主要研究的话题还是经济增长中的各类主要决定因素,也据此提出了不同的经济增长理论.本文根据西方经济学流派的时间先后和发展脉络,指出各大流派对于经济增长问题的看法及主张,再结合个人的观点,提出自己对该问题的感悟.     

亚当·斯密和凯恩斯研究

<正> 中华外国经济学说研究会第三次全国讨论会暨第三届年会于1986年10月28日至11月2日在长沙市召开。这次会议主要讨论亚当·斯密和凯恩斯的经济学说,同时讨论了对西方经济学说的评价等问题。关于《国富论》的研究与会者认为,亚当·斯密的《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》(以下简称《国富论》)在经济学说史上的地位可以概括为三个方面:第一,基本理论方面,亚当·斯密第一次比较深入、完整地阐述了劳动价值论和剩余价值论。其中的科学成分成为李嘉因劳动价值论和分配理论的重要学术渊源,后来又     

经济发展、模型再造与中国经济发展方式的转变

经济发展理论是社会经济发展的一种理论反映,源于斯密和李嘉图为代表的古典经济学派,是二战后在发达国家广泛流行的经济理论,其大体经历了三个发展阶段。现代经济发展理论及模型的建立强调科学技术进步、人力资本积累对经济发展的促进作用。但是,发达国家经济学家自身存在的认识论缺陷使其不可能科学完整地建立经济发展理论及模型,因此必须遵循马克思的方法论从理论为实际的反映入手建立科学模型,并指导中国社会经济建设实践。特别是经济发展方式的转变实践。     

浅析现代经济增长理论的演变

经济增长不仅是经济学研究的永恒主题,更是全世界都普遍关注的问题。从亚当·斯密开始,经济学家就不断地对经济增长进行探索。正是由于经济增长与全世界人民的福利息息相关,所以我们对经济增长的研究就显得格外重要。然而随着经济全球化的发展,传统经济增长理论已经不能解释现代社会经济发展过程中出现的种种现象。理论和现实之间的矛盾促使我们探求现代经济增长理论,以更好地解释世界。因此,对现代经济增长理论的演变进行探索,具有积极的理论和现实意义。本文从经济增长的事实入手,首先界定了现代经济增长的概念,然后对现代经济增长理论的发展脉络进行梳理和阐述,分别对哈罗德一多马模型、新古典经济增长模型（外生增长理论）和新增长模型（内生增长理论）进行了详细分析。通过分析可见现代经济增长理论经历了由技术外生增长到内生增长、市场结构由完全竞争到垄断竞争的演变。     

Luxury and Economic Development: David Hume and Adam Smith

David Hume thought that a taste for luxury was desirable, because it promoted economic and political development (it brought down feudalism, among other things). Adam Smith's early works follow a very similar line though, unlike Hume, he saw a taste for luxury as rather contemptible despite its desirable effects. In the Wealth of Nations , however, saving is the key to growth, suggesting that spending on luxury harms growth, but Smith wanted to hang on to the arguments he had taken from Hume. This may explain a number of oddities and inconsistencies in the Wealth of Nations.     

Economies in transition and in development: A possible warning from Adam Smith

Abstract

If Adam Smith were asked about transitioning and developing economies today, one may infer, he might suggest introducing small, yet constant, opportunities for wealth accumulation, avoiding the sudden accumulation of riches. Good institutions and the moral rules often needed to comply with them are more likely to be disregarded if there are large, sudden material gains, such as new wealth generated by the sudden opening of markets or government granting monopolies. For Smith, the desire to show off in front of others can inhibit moral behaviour and respect for good institutions, generating perverse incentives that hinder growth. Gradual change is to be preferred.     

Vernon Smith's Explanation of Moral Sentiments

This paper is a comment on Vernon Smith's paper, Adam Smith: from propriety and sentiments to property and wealth. This paper argues that while Vernon Smith is correct in his analysis that Adam Smith's theory of human nature, as expressed in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, provides a much more accurate model of behavior than does that of utility maximization, Vernon Smith's analysis can be much enriched by including a more complete explanation of Adam Smith's model of human behavior to include an analysis of prudence, justice, beneficence, and self-command.     

论收入分配理论的历史演变和劳动价值论的实践价值

马克思的劳动价值论继承和发展了斯密、李嘉图等人承认人类财富主要来源于劳动的理论 ,既表明了劳动与物的共性 ,又表明了劳动与物的区别 ,为我们结合现代实际建立适合我国先进生产力发展要求和最广大劳动人民根本利益的收入分配理论 ,奠定了最重要的理论基础。在马克思劳动价值论的基础上 ,创立适合中国实际和需要的能够解放劳动、保护劳动的收入分配基础理论 ,是顺应历史发展潮流 ,符合经济学现代趋势 ,适应中国发展要求 ,是一项具有重要实践价值的工作。     

Latent Theoretical Convergence upon a Pluralist Conception of Economic Action: Adam Smith and Max Weber

This paper engages in exploring certain latent theoretical convergences between the works of Adam Smith and Max Weber. The fact that these two have been major protagonists in the establishment and development of political economy and sociology respectively gives a rationale to such an endeavor. Another rationale is provided by the paucity of attempts at exploring the theoretical relations between Smith and Weber in the current economic and sociological literature. Helping fill in this gap in the literature is the paper's intended contribution. That Weber's writings contain pertinent convergences with Smith's work is the general premise of this article. In particular, the treatment of economic action epitomizes these congruencies between Smith's political economy and Weber's economic sociology.     

Trustworthiness as a Moral Determinant of Economic Activity: Lessons from the Classics

This paper reviews the way that social norms and ethical values in general, and trustworthiness in particular, is perceived to affect the behavior of economic agents in view of the work of Adam Smith, Nassau William Senior and John Stuart Mill. Classical Political economists held that economic actions are context-dependent and thus constantly under the influence of social norms and values. It is further suggested here that Classical Economists had established that trustworthiness acts as a general ethical precondition for the efficient behaviour of the markets and an important asset of the national social capital.     

Trustworthiness as a Moral Determinant of Economic Activity: Lessons from the Classics

This paper reviews the way that social norms and ethical values in general, and trustworthiness in particular, is perceived to affect the behavior of economic agents in view of the work of Adam Smith, Nassau William Senior and John Stuart Mill. Classical Political economists held that economic actions are context-dependent and thus constantly under the influence of social norms and values. It is further suggested here that Classical Economists had established that trustworthiness acts as a general ethical precondition for the efficient behaviour of the markets and an important asset of the national social capital.     

Smith,Marshall and Young on division of labour and economic growth

The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the theory of division of labour and economic growth proposed by Adam Smith and developed by Alfred Marshall and Allyn Young. In their approach division of labour is the main engine of growth and plays a central role in capital accumulation and technological progress. We suggest that, according to their theory: 1) economic growth is endogenous; 2) it has the nature of a cumulative, path-dependent process; and 3) it can be described as a disequilibrium process, supported by competitive forces. We argue that these aspects make the contributions of Smith, Marshall and Young still insightful for the development of growth theory, even in the light of the modern approach of endogenous growth theory.