融资约束与政治关系——来自深市中小板的证据

本文以2005年至2007年深市中小板上市公司的数据为样本,在控制了相关财务状况、治理结构、行业等因素影响的基础上,对企业投资支出、融资约束和政治关系之间的关系进行实证检验。结果发现：民营中小企业投资支出与内部经营活动现金流显著正相关,原因是民营中小企业面临较强的外部融资约束;无政治关系的民营中小企业与具有政治关系的民营中小企业相比,表现出更强的融资约束,说明政治关系能够缓解中小企业的融资困境,在企业的融资过程中作为一种非正规的替代机制,降低了中小企业的外部融资压力。     

政治关系、金融生态环境与企业融资约束——基于我国民营上市公司的经验证据

以2009—2013年我国沪深非金融类A股民营上市公司为样本,采用现金—现金流模型,从金融生态环境视角实证研究了政治关系与企业融资约束的关系。研究发现,民营企业普遍存在融资约束,政治关系缓解了民营企业的融资约束,但是在金融生态环境好的地区,政治关系对融资约束的缓解作用不显著。     

代理问题、财务困境与投资—现金流敏感度

基于融资约束理论,探讨了代理问题和财务困境对投资—现金流敏感度的影响。以2010—2014年沪深A股上市公司为样本考察了融资约束、内部现金流与企业投资支出之间的关系,检验结果表明融资约束与投资—现金流敏感度之间呈非线性复杂关系,企业投资支出与内部现金流之间表现出U型非线性关系。进一步研究发现,控股股东代理问题和管理者代理问题可以导致投资—现金流敏感度在低融资约束的情况下反而较大,财务困境可以导致投资—现金流敏感度在高融资约束的情况下反而较小。从代理问题和财务困境的角度丰富了融资约束理论对公司投资行为的分析方法,同时也为优化我国企业投资行为提供一定的理论支持。     

武汉市民营中小企业融资环境的影响因素分析

武汉市民营中小企业在数量上占绝对优势,经济上占主导地位,是武汉市经济增长和提供就业的主力军。民营中小企业融资环境是指能够影响和制约中小企业融资选择与运行过程的各种内外部因素的总和。融资环境对企业融资能力起着决定性作用。本文通过对武汉市民营中小企业融资环境的问卷调查分析,分析了武汉市民营中小企业融资环境的内部影响因素,分别从金融机构与体制环境两方面分析武汉市民营中小企业融资环境的外部影响因素。     

科技型中小企业研发支出与融资结构的实证研究

本文实证研究了科技型中小企业研发支出与融资结构的关系。使用3276个创业板科技型中小企业的相关数据,分析了科技型中小企业融资结构对研发支出的影响。研究发现,创业板科技型中小企业债务融资和其他渠道的融资对企业的研发支出的影响存在差异。其中,内源融资和股权融资对研发支出的影响是正的,而债务融资与研发支出存在负相关关系。进一步研究发现,债务融资与企业研发支出负相关关系源于流动负债在债务融资中占了相当大比例。     

中小企业数字化与投资效率——基于融资约束中介的经验证据

本文在中小企业融资约束的视角下,通过构建结构化、多维数字化指数和企业融资约束指数,理论探讨和实证检验了数字化关于缓解企业融资约束与改进投资效率的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现,数字化缓解了我国中小企业融资约束,促进了企业投资效率的提升。中介机制检验进一步证实,数字化主要通过降低企业债务成本、延长债务期限、优化债务结构以及数字化补贴效应来实现对融资约束的缓解和投资效率的改进。此外,数字化影响效应还存在着异质性,总体来看,产品市场竞争度削弱了数字化关于融资约束和投资效率的正向影响关系,而国有企业产权则增强了数字化对投资效率的促进效应。为此,中小企业应通过持续、深化推进数字化转型,来自主缓解“融资难”“融资贵”,同时政府部门应加大数字化扶持力度,弥合数字“鸿沟”,实现数字化全面均衡发展。     

企业绿色创新投资的平滑机制研究——基于供应链集成的调节作用

新时代背景下,绿色创新是制造业企业转型升级、实现可持续发展的有力武器。以2012—2018年沪深A股制造业上市公司为研究对象,利用双重固定效应模型实证检验融资约束、未吸收冗余与企业绿色创新投资的关系,以及供应链集成在其中的调节作用。研究发现企业绿色创新投资存在外部融资约束,未吸收冗余能够在企业存在外部融资约束时发挥"缓冲器"作用平滑企业的绿色创新投资,供应链集成会减弱企业对利用未吸收冗余来平滑绿色创新投资的依赖性,对未吸收冗余和绿色创新投资的关系具有负向调节作用。将投资拓展至绿色创新领域,将供应链集成引入研究框架,对解决企业绿色创新投资规模和投资持续性问题、提高企业的绿色创新能力、促进绿色发展具有借鉴作用。     

经济危机、货币政策与企业投资行为——基于中国上市公司数据

本文从微观领域的企业投资行为出发,考察经济危机与货币政策对企业投资的影响。以中国A股市场制造业上市公司2007～2011年5年的数据为样本,实证发现货币政策与经济危机是企业投资行为的重要影响因素。企业投资机会和新增投资支出与经济危机具有显著负相关关系,货币政策对企业的投资机会和投资支出具有正向调控作用,宽松的货币政策能够有效降低企业的融资约束,提高企业的新增投资支出。     

融资约束条件下中小企业非效率投资问题研究——基于中小企业板上市公司的经验数据

以2011—2015年的中小企业板上市公司为研究对象,采用Richardson投资期望模型、独立样本T检验、主成分分析和多元线性回归等方法,分析了融资约束条件下中小板上市公司的非效率投资问题,并就融资约束与投资不足二者之间的关系进行了实证研究,以期对其他非上市中小企业非效率投资问题的研究提供有益借鉴。研究结果表明:我国中小企业面临的投资不足现象相比过度投资现象更为严重,且中小企业融资约束程度越高,其投资不足现象越严重。     

金融发展能缩小中小企业融资中的政治差异吗?——基于正式与非正式制度的替代效应分析

转轨经济时期,金融发展和政治关系在中小企业融资中发挥什么样的作用?金融发展是否能够缩小中小企业融资中的政治差异?这是一个极其重要的问题。利用全国民营企业的抽样问卷调查数据,从金融发展和政治关系在缓解中小企业融资约束上的替代效应角度对此进行分析。我们发现:具有政治背景的企业在外源融资上具有优势,中小企业融资中存在政治差异现象。金融发展能够帮助中小企业获得正规金融贷款,缓解他们的融资困境,并对政治关系产生显著的替代效应,它能缩小中小企业融资中的政治差异。     

Identifying Politically Connected Firms: A Machine Learning Approach*

This article introduces machine learning techniques to identify politically connected firms. By assembling information from publicly available sources and the Orbis company database, we constructed a novel firm population dataset from Czechia in which various forms of political connections can be determined. The data about firms' connections are unique and comprehensive. They include political donations by the firm, having members of managerial boards who donated to a political party, and having members of boards who ran for political office. The results indicate that over 85% of firms with political connections can be accurately identified by the proposed algorithms. The model obtains this high accuracy by using only firm-level financial and industry indicators that are widely available in most countries. These findings suggest that machine learning algorithms could be used by public institutions to improve the identification of politically connected firms with potentially large conflicts of interest.     

Do MNCs spur financial markets in corrupt host countries?

This study investigates how MNCs can sway the growth of financial markets in the developing countries with prevalent political corruption. Using annual data of panel of 22 developing countries and applying dynamic generalized method of moment (GMM) technique, we find foreign firms can spur financial markets in the developing countries through direct investment. Furthermore, our results indicate the stimulus effect of foreign investment on financial development is stronger in the more corrupt countries.     

Political Connections and Accounting Quality under High Expropriation Risk

Abstract

We examine the impact of political connections and accounting quality among Venezuelan industrial firms, which face one of the highest levels of expropriation risk worldwide. Based on prior literature, we expect a negative relationship between expropriation risk and accounting quality as firms manage earnings to avoid ‘benign’ state intervention. We find that politically connected firms have higher accounting quality than non-connected firms, which is consistent with connected firms’ lower risk of expropriation due to connections with high-level government officials or ruling party members. The relationship between accounting quality and political connections appears to be strongly moderated by institutional features like expropriation risk.     

Two faces of corporate lobbying: Evidence from the pharmaceutical industry

In this study, we examine how political connections increase firms’ innovation performance. By examining firm-level lobbying activities, we find that political connections lead to a greater number of medical breakthroughs among pharmaceutical firms in our sample. We then examine the underlying ways that political connections enhance innovation among medical firms. Using hand-collected data on government subsidies, we find that politically connected firms have a higher chance of receiving subsidies from federal, state, or local government agencies. These government subsidies enhance medical innovation by insulating managers from short-term threats and mitigate their career concerns by creating a “failure tolerant” environment. Overall, we show that connections between firms and politicians come with increased innovation outcomes.     

Political Connections and Leverage: Firm‐level Evidence from Pakistan

This study investigates the impact of political connections on corporate financing decisions using a sample of listed Pakistani firms over the period 2002–2010. We find a positive and significant link between long‐term debt and political connections, which reflects greater access to credit. Such preferential treatment escalates with the strength of the connected politician. Furthermore, positive effects of political connections are seen to be stronger for large firms and those affiliated with business groups. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The financial investment decision of non-financial firms in China

This paper constructs a portfolio model to analyze the determinants of the financial investment decision of non-financial firms in China. Unlike the literature assuming that financial investments are riskless, our model allows risks in both fixed and financial investments. We show that this extension provides an analytically similar but economically different model from the literature. In particular, it is relative risk and risk-adjusted return gap, not pure risk and simple return gap that enter into firms’ financial investment decision model. Using firm-level panel data of 1902 firms listed in Chinese stock market over the period from 2006 to 2016 with semi-annual frequency, we find that the ratio of fixed investment risk over total risk dominates financial investment decisions of non-financial firms. However, rates of risk-adjusted return gap between financial and fixed investments play no role in Chinese firms’ financial investment decisions, which is in stark contrast to the results using a model assuming riskless financial investments. The baseline findings are robust to alternative measures of financialization and investment risk and different firm sizes, ownership structures and time periods.     

Chief executive officers' sustainability orientation and firm environmental performance: Networking and resource contingencies

Although the existing literature supports the relationship between chief executive officers' (CEOs') sustainability orientation (SO) and entrepreneurial behaviour, empirical studies exploring how SO drives firm environmental performance (FEP) are lacking. In addition, the potential moderating effects of firm-level factors on this relationship are less understood. We contribute to filling this gap by examining the moderating effects of political connections and financial slack on the relationship between SO and FEP. Using data obtained from 297 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana, our results reveal that SO is positively related to FEP. In addition, our results show that the effect of SO on FEP is negative when firms have stronger financial slack and when firms are highly politically connected.     

融资约束、资本投资与公司现金持有竞争效应

以我国上市公司2003-2012年数据为样本,基于产权性质和金融发展水平,从资本投资中介效应视角检验了融资约束对现金持有竞争效应的影响。研究发现:公司现金持有通过资本投资中介效应实现的竞争效应在融资约束公司、民营公司以及金融发展水平较低地区的公司中更加显著。进一步检验表明,现金持有的竞争效应提高了现金价值,而且在金融发展水平较低地区的公司、融资约束公司和民营公司中更高。     

Market Risk Disclosures and Investment Efficiency: International Evidence from the Gulf Cooperation Council Financial Firms

This study examines the association between market risk disclosures (MRDs) and the investment efficiency of financial firms from six emerging markets in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Based on a sample of 553 firm‐year observations over the 2007–2011 period, we find that MRDs are significantly and negatively associated with both under‐investment and over‐investment and that this association is more pronounced for larger firms. We also find that the association between MRDs and under‐investment is moderated during periods of economic distress such as the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 and that the association between MRDs and over‐investment is magnified during periods of reduced financial distress. Our results are consistent with the idea that MRDs reduce information asymmetry, which ultimately improves investment efficiency. We contribute to the literature in an emerging market context by providing empirical evidence on the association between MRDs and investment efficiency across six emerging GCC capital markets. This study also fills a gap in the literature by providing evidence on the factors affecting the investment efficiency of financial firms.     

财务报表重述与公司非效率投资行为

以在2006—2010年的年报附注中披露会计差错更正的上市公司为重述样本,运用倾向得分匹配等两种方法产生控制样本,实证检验财务报表重述公告前后公司投资效率的变化,为财务报告信息质量与公司投资效率间的因果联系提供了更为直接的证据。结果发现：（1）财务报表重述之前,存在融资约束的重述公司会投资不足,不存在融资约束的重述公司倾向于投资过度;（2）报表重述公告后,重述公司投资效率显著提高。