Existence and uniqueness of marginal cost pricing equilibrium

This paper considers a regulated monopoly that is subject to a marginal cost pricing policy. A marginal cost pricing equilibrium is a price-subsidy combination for which price equals marginal production cost and any losses are offset by the lump-sum subsidy. Employing basic degree theoretic results, conditions are established under which a marginal cost pricing equilibrium exists and is unique.     

The decline of the marginal utility of the guilder, 1952–1977

Summary The annual change in the marginal utility of the guilder is numerically specified, together with its two components: the real-income and the price level components. Research supported in part by the McKethan-Matherly Eminent Scholar Chair, University of Florida, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation).     

企业并购整合的超边际分书

企业并购作为一种资源的再配置过程，通常是指市场机制作用下企业为了获得其他企业的控制权而进行的产权交易活动。然而，现实中的企业并购大约一半最后都没有成功，统计资料显示，并购失败的主要原因在于企业并购后没能进行有效的整合。我国企业目前并购的形式主要是横向并购，那么同这种横向并购方式相对应，就更应该重视整合中并购企业之间的专业化协作问题。     

企业并购整合的超边际分析

企业并购作为一种资源的再配置过程,通常是指市场机制作用下企业为了获得其他企业的控制权而进行的产权交易活动。然而,现实中的企业并购大约一半最后都没有成功,统计资料显示,并购失败的主要原因在于企业并购后没能进行有效的整合。我国企业目前并购的形式主要是横向并购,那么同这种横向并购方式相对应,就更应该重视整合中并购企业之间的专业化协作问题。     

Memory utility,food consumption and obesity

Introducing the concept of memory utility, we explore the effect of memory capacity on overweight and weight control by building a theoretical model and conducting related empirical research with a double-hurdle model. The result shows that better memory capacity can lead to a higher probability of overweight due to the higher discount rate and more food consumption when this person is not obese; while it helps the overweight individuals to lose weight due to memory disutility from obesity. The different effects of memory result from the tradeoff between memory utility from food consumption and memory disutility from obesity.     

产权、交易费用、效率

最近看了很多关于产权和交易费用方面的书，本来是带着弄清楚的目的去看的，结果发现越来越迷糊了，也不知道大家有没有这样的感觉。想弄清楚产权和交易费用究竟指的是什么，但是发现不同的人有不同的看法，也就是说，现在有这么多的人在讨论产权和交易费用，说什么产权必须要明晰之类的话，但是对于产权究竟指的是什么，我认为他们未必弄清楚了，只是人云亦云而巳。在这里，我想就几个问题来谈谈我的看法。     

研发费用、经济增长与税收贡献

笔者以广东省佛山市的有关数据为基础,运用实证研究方法,检验了研发费用、经济增长与税收贡献三者之间的逻辑和经验关系。证据表明,研发费用越高,企业的销售收入越大,国家的经济增长也越快,从而对税收贡献也越大。论文还就研发费用投入的相关财税政策进行了初步探讨。     

Measuring marginal intra-industry trade

Measuring Marginal Intra-Industry Trade. — Trade liberalisation and adjustment: how important is intra-industry trade? This paper focuses on the appropriate measurement of intra-industry trade as indicator of structural adjustment costs. It is argued that existing dynamic versions of the Grubel-Lloyd index reflect horizontal trade only and classify vertical intra-industry trade with inter-industry trade. The paper proposes a method to distinguish between horizontal and vertical trade and applies these techniques to emerging trade between the EU and the economies of central and eastern Europe.     

Saving,investment, growth and the cost of financial repression

This paper presents a quantitative estimate of the cost of financial repression in developing countries. Here, financial repression is interpreted as the technique of holding institutional interest rates (particularly deposit rates of interest) below their market equilibrium levels. For a sample of developing countries, saving is found to be affected positively by the real deposit rate of interest, as is real money demand, where money is defined broadly to include savings and time deposits. Under disequilibrium interest rate conditions, higher saving which raises real money demand increases pari passu the real supply of credit. Credit availability is an important determinant not only of new investment but also of capacity utilization of the entire capital stock. Hence, the growth rate is itself affected positively by the real deposit rate of interest through two channels – first, the volume of saving and investment and, second, capacity utilization of the entire capital stock, i.e. the measured incremental capital/output ratio. Estimates of saving and growth functions lead to the conclusion that the cost of financial repression appears to be around half a percetage point in economic growth foregone for every one percentage point by which the real deposit rate of interest is set below its market equilibrium rate.     

电子商务网站的收入、成本与效益分析

主要分析了影响电子商务网站盈利的收入来源、成本构成、管理等因素以及讨论了电子商务技术与经济的关系等。     

Mixed duopoly,location choice,and shadow cost of public funds

We examine the relationship between equilibrium and efficient levels of product differentiation in a mixed duopoly, where a welfare‐maximizing public enterprise competes with a profit‐maximizing private firm. We introduce shadow costs of public funding (i.e., the excess burden of taxation). The profits of public firms obtained by the government reduce these costs. We find that in a mixed duopoly, the level of product differentiation is too low for social welfare. This result is in sharp contrast to the private oligopoly, where the level of product differentiation is too high. Finally, we show that when the shadow cost is high, privatizing the public enterprise improves welfare.     

“交易费用”范畴的提出、发展和运用

罗纳德.科斯通过“交易费用”范畴和“科斯定理”的提出创立了新制度经济学,开启了经济学研究的新领域。科斯之后,一大批新制度经济学家通过“交易费用”范畴的广泛运用和内涵扩展,实现了交易费用理论的一般化,扩展了经济学理论的研究范围,阐明了在交易费用为正的现实世界中,制度安排特别是产权制度安排的重要性———制度能够降低交易费用,从而优化资源配置和提高经济效率。在某种程度上讲,这个一般化过程也就是新制度经济学体系形成和不断完善的过程。     

优化支出结构,提高教育资金使用效益

近 年 来,我国 公 共教 育投 入 不断 增长 ,国家 财政 性 教育 经费投 入占 国 内生 产总 值的 比 例也 不 断上 升,表 明了 财政 支 出对 公共教 育支 持 力度 的不 断加 大 ,但 同 时,教育 经 费短 缺的 呼 声仍 然强烈 ,其 重要 原 因之 一 就是 公共 教育 资 源的 配 置结