我国当代房地产业发展的向度——浅析政府管理主体对我国当代房地产业的责任和存在的问题

在我国房地产行业成长和发展过程中,还有一个至关重要的利益,那就是政府管理主体。市场经济条件下,政府主管部门已不仅仅是单纯的管理主体,各级政府管理主体都有自己独立的经济利益,成了独立的利益主体。作为管理主体,其施政行为势必对投资开发主体、消费主体的经济活动产生直接或间接的影响;同时,作为独立的利益主体,政府主管部门的逐利行为也必然对投资开发主体和消费者的利益造成一定的压力。因而,政府管理主体在与投资开发主体和消费主体间的相互关系中也必然担负着相应的责任。     

消费和社会投资的互动关系

目前投资领域开始出现政府投资与社会投资共同拉动经济增长,但政府投资的拉动作用仍略强于社会投资;而消费领域出现的却是政府消费率上升与居民消费率保持低位;外需对经济增长的贡献率起伏不定。我国经济增长动力机制应由目前的投资主导型转向居民消费、社会投资合力来推动。     

社会经济活动的两个基本法则

供给与需求的矛盾是社会经济活动的基本矛盾。经济合理性法则和利益动力法则是由这一基本矛盾决定的。前者是生产力法则,后者是生产关系法则,后者是前者的实现机制。社会主义经济制度为经济合理性法则的实现提供了最强大的利益动力机制,但只有合理的经济体制才能保证这种动力机制发挥作用。 一、社会经济的基本矛盾 马克思主义经济学告诉我们,任何社会的经济活动,都表现为生产、分配、交换、消费四个互相依存、互相制约的环节的循环运动。其中,生产是手段,消费是目的,分配和交换     

社会责任承担与企业投资效率：基于利益相关者理论的解释

企业社会责任承担的经济后果是理论界与实务界关注的重要话题.基于利益相关者理论解析社会责任承担对企业投资效率的作用机制,采用主成分分析法构建社会责任综合指数实证检验发现:社会责任指数与投资效率显著负相关,表明企业社会责任承担抑制了过度投资和投资不足问题,并在投资不足企业中作用更显著;企业短期社会责任变化对投资效率作用不显著;在内部利益相关者、非国有企业、非发达地区样本中社会责任承担对投资效率的影响更显著;企业可持续发展能力与独立董事声誉在其中起到部分中介作用,盈余管理程度对企业投资效率产生直接影响.研究丰富了企业社会责任承担经济后果研究,拓展了企业投资决策前置因素,为当前企业积极履行社会责任、提升投资效率提供了有意义的借鉴.     

以利益分享机制重建经济增长动力结构

我国未来经济增长结构调整的基本方向必然是从外需和投资拉动型向消费主导型转换。本文首先通过对经济增长结构的考察和分析,指出新形势下的经济增长必须建立在消费主导的基础上,进而分析我国目前消费需求严重不足的深层次原因,论证了消费主导型经济结构的建立必须调整国民收入分配结构,特别应把初次分配当作国民收入分配改革的重点。最后,为了破解初次分配领域中的难点,提出了建立利益分享机制的基本思路。     

浙江省经济增长的结构性分析

运用联立方程和脉冲响应分析方法,在一个经济总体中,依据浙江省宏观数据,分析消费、投资、净出口对经济增长的短期和长期促进作用。得出在短期内,经济增长对净出口的影响远大于对投资和消费的影响,但长期中不能保持,且短期内政府消费对经济增长效果显著;而投资与消费、净出口之闯短期内相互抑制,长期中相互促进。     

论近期凸显的生产与消费的矛盾

生产和消费的关系贯穿于经济运行的各个环节,对于经济运行的全过程具有支配和决定作用。目前,经济运行各环节矛盾之所以不断拓展,根本原因就是生产和消费的关系早已严重失调。近几年,生产与消费的矛盾日益凸显,其成因即长期实行投资扩张。要化解生产和消费的矛盾,不可再搞投资拉动,而必须着力以消费启动经济运行。与消费启动相配套的经济运行机制主要包括内需和外需协调适应的机制、以消费带动投资、投资和消费相互协调的机制、以市场容量带动经济增长的机制等。     

浙江省经济增长的结构性分析

运用联立方程和脉冲响应分析方法,在一个经济总体中,依据浙江省宏观数据,分析消费、投资、净出口对经济增长的短期和长期促进作用.得出在短期内,经济增长对净出口的影响远大于对投资和消费的影响,但长期中不能保持,且短期内政府消费对经济增长效果显著;而投资与消费、净出口之间短期内相互抑制,长期中相互促进.     

基于科学发展观和经济增长的消费与投资比例动态调整

从社会再生产来看，消费包括生活性消费和投资性消费两部分。无论是消费还是投资对经济增长和社会就业都会产生重要的影响，关系到政府宏观调控能否有效实施。然而，我国经济发展的实践很难摆脱消费过热或投资过热的困境，因此，我们需要以经济增长为核心目标，来动态调整消费与投资比例关系，着力提高经济增长速度和经济增长质量。尤其是在坚持科学发展观的今天，更要从提高经济增长质量出发，动态调整消费与投资的比例关系。     

中国消费投资失衡的不良影响与调整方略

投资消费失衡是中国经济内部失衡的最突出表现,与科学发展本义相悖.本文将系统地分析中国消费投资失衡现状,讨论梳理其对中国经济的不良影响,并针对中国对投资消费失衡的宏观调控对策,分析投资消费失衡的形成机制,提出针对性的调整方略.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

研发过程模型优化——研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型研究

本文拟通过对三个现有研发过程模型的评述,结合其他相关文献的回顾以及当前企业界所能够提供的技术服务,对研发过程模型予以优化,并尝试提出了‘研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型”来探讨“知识在研发过程中究竟是如何运作的”的问题,以期能够为当前的企业界和学术界的研发过程运作模式的完善提供有益参考。