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1.
Creina Allen Garth Day 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2014,58(2):244-262
Australia's resources boom is underpinned by increased demand from industrialising China and a rise in export prices. Current depletion rates will soon exhaust currently known reserves of iron ore and coal. This paper presents a dynamic optimisation model of a growing open economy where a social planner chooses the time path for depletion of a non‐renewable resource during a demand‐led resources boom. We find that for particular functional forms and in the absence of extraction and social costs, the optimal depletion rate equals the difference between the price elasticity of export demand times the world interest rate and growth in export demand. In contrast to the existing literature, we show that the optimal depletion rate is unaffected by a temporary increase in price, but reduced by growth in demand which is in turn sustained by offshore steel production and urbanisation. The main theoretical implication is that growth in export demand from China reduces the depletion rate. Australian iron ore exports, simulated using this theory, move together with actual volumes over the period 1995–2011, and the error between simulated and actual iron ore exports is lower for the model in this paper than it is for the model without growth in export demand. 相似文献
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The agricultural sector's share of gross domestic product (GDP) in growing economies typically declines but, for a century from the early 1850s, Australia's did not. Drawing on recent structural transformation literature, this paper seeks explanations for this unusual phenomenon, which is all the more striking because agriculture's share of employment continued to decline throughout and growth in manufacturing was being stimulated by tariff protection from imports. Several factors contributed, including a huge land frontier that took more than a century for settlers to explore, rapid declines in initially crippling domestic and ocean trade costs for farm products, the absence of a need to do any processing of the two main exports during that period (gold and wool) and innovations by farmers and via a strong public agricultural R&D system that contributed to farm labour productivity nearly doubling over those 10 decades. The ban on iron ore exports from 1938 and low export prices for fuels, minerals and metals during the two world wars and in the intervening decades also contributed. 相似文献
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矿业权价款评估的原则 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
王蓓 《中国国土资源经济》2014,(5):17-22
矿业权价款制度是我国矿业权管理制度之一。矿业权价款是国家投资的收益,关系到矿产资源勘查开发中国家和矿业权人收益的合理分配问题。矿业权价款评估管理中的诸多问题都可归结到国家出资勘查的回报究竟应该依据什么和由什么来决定,因而需要一个共同的准绳来解决。当原有的原则不能解决我国的实际问题时,就需要原创性的思维和办法。矿业权价款评估的社会平均生产力水平的原则除解决了依据什么和由什么决定的问题之外,还有更多的效果和意义。 相似文献
5.
This paper examines changes in agricultural productivity in 18 developing countries over the period 1961–1985. We use a nonparametric, output-based Malmquist index and a parametric variable coefficients Cobb-Douglas production function to examine, whether our estimates confirm results from, other studies that have indicated declining agricultural productivity in LDCs. The results confirm previous findings, indicating that at least half of these countries have experienced productivity declines in agriculture. 相似文献
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在江苏省农用地分等成果更新的基础上,通过指定作物样本调查与统计分析,建立了各二级指标区内分等单元的理论单产与可实现单产模型.分析了江苏省理论产能、可实现产能与实际产能的空间分布情况,并运用克里金插值方法建立了农用地单产与产能的空间分异规律.研究表明,江苏省理论单产、可实现单产与实际单产分布具有较大差异,农用地数量是影响农用地产能的最主要因素.该研究对基本农田划定和耕地质量保护具有重要指导意义. 相似文献
7.
西方矿业体制简析及几点启示 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
西方矿业体制是市场经济条件下比较完善、符合地质工作特点的运行机制和管理机制 ,具有完善的矿业权制度、统一的管理机构、完备的矿业立法、资源税费制度和环境保护措施。在矿业全球化的新形势下 ,我国应结合国情借鉴西方矿业体制 ,从矿业权的保护和管理、矿业立法、矿业管理机构的行政职能和国有矿业企业的改革等方面来完善我国的矿业体制 ,多渠道吸引资金 ,促进我国矿业的发展进而保障我国工业化的顺利完成。 相似文献
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渔业制度变迁对渔业生产率贡献的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据1950-1999年渔业生产统计资料,分析了渔业总要素生产率(TFP,即制度进步率)在不同历史阶段的变化,揭示了制度因素对提高渔业生产率所起的作用及贡献,并对在今后渔业发展中制度创新的机制进行了探讨。 相似文献
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新疆耕地和粮食生产力变化的区域差异分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于自然和人为因素的影响,耕地的数量、质量在时空上存在较大差异,科技进步等人文因素对各个区域的粮食单产造成不同程度的影响,这些都直接影响到新疆的16个区域的粮食生产水平的分异.从新疆各个区域1996-2004年的耕地面积、粮食产量及粮食播种面积等农业统计资料出发,分析新疆耕地面积和粮食生产力变化的区域差异,并简要分析其变化的原因,从而为新疆农业发展,尤其是粮食生产的发展提供了科学的参考依据. 相似文献
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我国在矿产资源开发中所出现的秩序不够规范、个别环节滋生腐败、矿业资本市场不健全、矿业融资难等相关问题,其主要原因之一,是没有建立起相应的统一、规范市场,而矿业权二级市场的建立将能够在很大程度上解决这些问题。因此,全国统一的矿业权二级市场的建设对于我国矿产资源开发管理具有必要性和迫切性,通过全国统一的矿业权二级市场的建设,将会使我国的矿产资源开发行为日趋合理。 相似文献
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许大纯 《中国国土资源经济》2007,20(5):28-30
矿产资源补偿费征收管理是矿产资源国家所有权权益的经济体现,也是矿产资源有偿使用的一项重要制度。文章分析概括了我国现行费率的相关规定,指出目前费率管理存在的主要问题:一是补偿费费率偏低,现行固定费率制度,难以根据市场状况及时调整;二是费率没有与资源利用水平相结合,没有起到促进提高资源回采率的杠杆作用。在此基础上,文章以石油和煤炭行业为例,对建立浮动费率制度进行了初步的测算分析。 相似文献
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矿业权融资的难点及对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
钟仁一 《中国国土资源经济》2003,16(7):26-27,37
文章分析了矿业权融资的可行性 ,指出矿业权融资存在矿业权市场化程度低、经营矿业权风险大、矿业权法制建设滞后等难点 ,进而提出了要树立矿业权融资意识、构建资源型股份公司、扩大矿业投资合作领域、推进矿业权市场建设、争取矿业权政策扶持、加速矿业权的流转诸方面的对策建议。 相似文献
13.
Rune Skarstein 《Journal of Agrarian Change》2005,5(3):334-362
In the mid-1980s, Tanzania adopted a programme for economic liberalization of the entire economy, including agriculture. After pressure from the IMF and the World Bank in particular, but also from most of the bilateral donors, agricultural producer and input prices were decontrolled, panterritorial prices were abolished, subsidies were removed and trade in agricultural products and inputs was to a large extent taken over by private traders. The international donor community promised that economic liberalization would provide a strong stimulus to Tanzanian agriculture, resulting in increasing yields, increased labour productivity, rising agricultural production and higher incomes. However, available data show that, as far as food crop production is concerned, this promise has not been fulfilled. Even compared to the 'crisis years' 1979–1984, labour productivity, yields and production per capita of food grains stagnated or declined up to the end of the 1990s. Some causes of this failure are discussed. 相似文献
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如何理解矿业权价款的经济内涵 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国法律规定的矿业权价款的经济内涵到底是什么?现有法律并未做出明确解释,学界看法也很不一致,不但给矿产资源有偿使用收费制度体系带来诸多问题,给矿产资源管理实践也带来较大的混乱,从应用矿产资源资产价值示意图对矿业权价款的经济内涵进行的分析来看,将我国矿业权价款的经济内涵界定为国家矿产资源所有权收益中的红利和地勘投资的增值两部分较为妥当。 相似文献
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The relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and farm productivity remains unresolved and often debated with limited evidence. While ICT is generally accepted by many to be a positive driver of productivity, others question it. Realistically, truth is likely somewhere in between. Certain ICT investments are likely to facilitate productivity improvement, whereas others may offer some other benefits such as improved safety or reduced emissions. It is also undeniable that some ICT investments may fail or offer little more than a temporary novelty. Using a sample of Australian farm-level data, analysis in this paper finds a positive relationship between ICT investment and productivity. Specifically, the use of precision agriculture and machinery infused with ICT (such as GPS autosteering tractors) is found to be statistically significant. Moreover, digital internet access or access to the National Broadband Network (NBN) is found to be beneficial—and conversely, farms that reported mobile and internet connectivity problems tended to achieve lower productivity. 相似文献
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黄淮海平原地下水危机下的耕地资源可持续利用 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
研究目的:基于多数据源计算黄淮海平原地下水位平均下降速度,揭示该地区地下水快速下降机理,提出水资源限制下的耕地可持续利用对策。研究方法:根据收集的黄淮海平原266个地下水位下降速度样本点和5个典型城市地下水位长期监测点,由克里格插值得到区域地下水位平均下降速度,并采用空间分析的方法叠加2012年耕地分布图,分析不同地下水下降速度在9个子生态区对应的耕地分布情况。研究结果:1980年以来,黄淮海平原地下水以浅层0.46±0.37 m/年,深层1.14±0.58 m/年的速度下降,成为世界上面积最大的地下水漏斗区。造成地下水快速下降的主要原因是区域粮食增产和一年两熟种植制度下小麦播种面积的增加导致的大面积、高强度的井灌方式。根据地下水资源危机程度,将黄淮海平原划分为休养调整区、强度降低区、生态保护区和潜力提升区4个耕地利用调整区划。研究结论:黄淮海平原高集约高投入的耕地利用方式不可持续,在区域地下水危机的情况下,应降低超采区的耕地利用强度,同时提升潜力区的耕地生产潜力,实现耕地生产、生态质量协同提升,在保障粮食安全和生态安全的前提下实现耕地资源可持续利用。 相似文献
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Abdullah Mamun; 《Agricultural Economics》2024,55(2):346-364
The agriculture sector receives substantial fiscal subsidies in various forms, including through programs that are linked to production and others that are decoupled. As the sector has reached the technology frontier in production over the last three decades or so, particularly in high- and middle-income countries, it is intriguing to investigate the impact of subsidies on productivity at aggregate level. This study examines the impact of subsidies on productivity growth in agriculture globally using a long time series on the nominal rate of assistance for 42 countries that covers over 80% of agricultural production. The econometric results show heterogenous effects from various subsidy instruments depending on the choice of productivity measure. Regression results suggest a strong positive effect of input subsidies on both output growth and labor productivity. A positive but relatively small impact of output subsidies is found on output growth only. 相似文献
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[目的]估算和预测分析贵州复杂地形下的气候生产潜力,为充分利用气候资源和农业可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法]基于1961~2015年贵州81个气象观测站的平均温度和降水量气象资料,运用Miami 模型、Thornthwaite Memorial 模型,计算了温度、降水和气候生产潜力,并运用气候倾向率、Mann Kendall突变检验、GIS空间插值和R/S等方法分析其变化特征。[结果]温度生产潜力以9.2kg/(hm2·10年)的速率递增,降水生产潜力呈递减趋势,递减速率为13.27kg/(hm2·10年),气候生产潜力呈递增趋势,递增速率为0.73kg/(hm2·10年),多年平均值为1462.12kg/hm2; 空间分布上温度、降水生产潜力与年平均温度和年降水量的空间分布一致,气候生产潜力总体呈现出南高北低,由东南向西北递减变化趋势;平均气温和降水量对气候生产潜力均有正影响,其中降水量是主要限制因子,R/S结果表明,温度生产潜力和气候生产潜力继续保持增长趋势而降水生产潜力保持递减趋势。[结论]影响贵州气候生产潜力最重要的因素是降水,其次是光温条件的综合效应。 相似文献
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[目的]为准确及时地监测海南天然橡胶长势变化、估算天然橡胶产胶潜力,为相关部门提供决策依据,并实现风云三号气象卫星资料在天然橡胶产业进行气象服务的应用示范作用。[方法]文章基于风云三号气象卫星资料、同期气象观测数据以及海南天然橡胶种植信息等,采用不同时间天然橡胶NDVI的对比、与历史同期常年平均值的对比分析等方法进行橡胶长势监测,并基于CASA模型构建天然橡胶净初级生产力估算模型,再结合天然橡胶干物质分配率构建了天然橡胶产胶潜力估算模型,在此基础上,利用Visual Stdio.net 2010、MeteoInfo平台采用C#语言设计开发了海南天然橡胶长势及产胶潜力遥感监测系统。[结果]系统主要包括基础数据库、天然橡胶长势监测、天然橡胶产胶潜力估算、专题图制作等功能。[结论]通过天然橡胶长势监测技术方法和天然橡胶产胶潜力估算方法的应用以及监测系统的建立,可及时了解天然橡胶的长势规律及产胶潜力变化,快速掌握气象灾害对天然橡胶生长造成的影响,为提高干胶产量提供了技术和软件支撑。 相似文献
20.
The carrying capacity imperative: Assessing regional carrying capacity methodologies for sustainable land-use planning 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
While some existing carrying capacity methodologies offer significant insights into the assessment of population carrying capacities, a comprehensive model is yet to be developed. This research identifies, examines and compares a range of methodological approaches to carrying capacity assessment and considers their relevance to future spatial planning. A range of key criteria are employed to compare various existing carrying capacity assessment models. These criteria include integrated systems analysis, dynamic responses, levels of risk, systemic constraints, applicability to future planning and the consideration of regional boundary delineation. It is suggested that by combining successful components from various authors, and collecting a range of interconnected data, a practical and workable system-based model may be achievable in the future. 相似文献