基于自发地理信息的旅游地景观关注度研究——以九寨沟为例

自发地理信息作为旅游地理学研究的全新数据源,具有多时间尺度和多级空间尺度的特点。文章以九寨沟为例,通过采集旅游者上传的VGI照片数据,运用核密度估计方法挖掘多种时空尺度下旅游者关注度空间格局及其演化过程;同时,以互联网用户对照片的访问量为权重,进一步描述潜在旅游者的景观关注度。研究表明,旅游者对九寨沟的关注度格局相对稳定,旅游地尺度下的关注热点是树正沟、日则沟两条风景线,则查洼沟仅有少量景段关注度较高;风景线尺度下,树正沟的盆景滩-犀牛海景段,日则沟的诺日朗群海-镜海、珍珠滩瀑布-五花海、熊猫海瀑布-箭竹海景段,则查洼沟的五彩池-长海景段以及景区入口段等,均是旅游者关注度较高的热区;景点尺度下的树正群海、诺日朗群海、珍珠滩、五花海、熊猫海、箭竹海等水景观关注度日益提高,成为九寨沟的核心吸引物,而以藏族文化为主的人文景观关注度较低。研究同时发现,潜在旅游者受到照片上传者引导,其景观关注度格局也表现出层次性。     

文学旅游地的社会文化建构:以凤凰古城为例

该研究基于文化环及其拓展理论,通过定性和定量相结合的方法探讨了凤凰古城作为文学旅游地的文化生产和消费。结论指出:(1)沈从文及其文学作品所构建的文学世界中的"湘西世界",旅游开发者和经营者所构建的"现实中的边城"与旅游者的"口碑中的凤凰古城"共同构建了"想象中的凤凰古城",即待阅读的"凤凰古城文本",并使这一文本公共化;(2)作为文化消费者,旅游者在文学旅游地的构建与重构过程中扮演了重要的角色,是联系整个社会文化建构过程的纽带。在此基础上,本研究构建了一个新的旅游地社会文化建构模型,以期对旅游地的文化生产和消费相关研究及具体应用进行补充和拓展。     

旅游地社会-生态子系统恢复力比较分析——以浙江省淳安县为例

旅游地社会-生态系统恢复力研究是当前旅游可持续发展研究的新视角.从脆弱性和应对能力两方面分别建立旅游地社会、经济和生态子系统的恢复力指标体系,采用集对分析法,对浙江省淳安县1987-2012年的各子系统恢复力进行测度和比较分析.结果表明:(1)程度与趋势上,3个子系统脆弱性均处于中等水平,但社会子系统呈下降趋势,经济子系统呈先降后升态势,生态子系统呈上升趋势;应对能力和恢复力基本同步增长,3个子系统均呈上升趋势,目前处于相对高级水平.(2)变化幅度上,脆弱性方面,生态子系统变幅相对最大,经济子系统相对最高;应对能力方面,3个子系统均经历了由相对较弱到较强的过程,且阶段节点大致相同,其中社会子系统由最弱变为最强,生态系统变化由最强变至最弱.(3)恢复力方面,社会子系统增长最强劲,经济子系统具有波动性,生态子系统变幅最小.生态和经济子系统脆弱性尤应受到关注,应对能力应注意系统物质资本的积累,避免过多注重社会能力的创造,真正提高系统恢复力.     

生活方式型旅游企业主移民社会交往研究

生活方式型旅游企业主移民是为了追求某种特定的生活方式,在目的地长时间居住,与周围群体发生交往.文章以大理古城生活方式型旅游企业主移民为研究对象,综合运用深度访谈、非参与式观察等方法,分析生活方式型旅游企业主移民的日常生活与社会交往.研究发现:生活方式型旅游企业主移民的日常活动主要分为三类:购物消费、朋友交往、休闲活动.生活方式型旅游企业主移民的社会交往"圈子"具有三大特征:(1)自发性和同质性;(2)随意性和非功利性;(3)交往空间的开放性与私密性.社会交往"圈子"对生活方式型旅游企业主移民的作用主要体现为":圈子"是生活方式型旅游企业主移民的信息来源和资源支持,圈子交往为生活方式移民提供了情感支撑和归属感.该研究丰富了旅游移民的研究内容,并为旅游目的地移民政策的制定、社区管理与目的地可持续发展提供参考.     

旅游地社会责任对旅游地品牌资产的影响——中介与调节作用机制

文章构建了旅游地社会责任、旅游地声誉、旅游地认同、旅游地品牌资产的整合性理论模型,采用结构方程模型实证分析旅游地社会责任、旅游地声誉、旅游地认同和旅游地品牌资产之间的结构关系,试图发掘旅游地社会责任对旅游地品牌资产的影响机理,并引入信任倾向作为调节变量,剖析在不同信任倾向的旅游者中,旅游地社会责任对旅游地品牌资产的影响是否存在差异。研究结果表明,旅游地社会责任直接显著正向作用于旅游地品牌资产;旅游地社会责任通过旅游地声誉和旅游地认同对旅游地品牌资产产生显著的间接作用;信任倾向对旅游地社会责任和旅游地声誉之间的关系具有正向调节作用;信任倾向对旅游地社会责任与旅游地品牌资产之间的关系具有正向调节作用。最后,提出研究结论,指出研究不足和未来研究展望。     

基于网络文本分析的大院型旅游地形象感知研究——以山西乔家大院为例

旅游形象是影响旅游目的地竞争力的重要因素,对旅游目的地的长久发展起到重要作用。文章以山西乔家大院为研究对象,采用网络文本分析法对其旅游目的地形象感知进行研究,发现以下几个问题：游客对乔家大院的认知局限于建筑层面;过度的商业化使游客对景区产生了抵触情绪;景区设施和服务不完善加重了游客的消极情绪。根据以上问题本文提出了几条具有针对性的建议,以推动乔家大院的高质量发展。     

地域文化差异对旅游者的旅游地意象感知影响——以内蒙古自治区草原旅游地为例

在旅游地意象研究中,学者们一直很重视地域文化差异对旅游地意象感知的影响。文章基于旅游地意象构成模型,采用主成分分析、方差分析等定量方法,以内蒙古草原旅游地为例,对比分析了内蒙古自治区区内和区外两个地域文化组旅游者的草原旅游地意象的认知、情感以及整体意象感知的变化和差异。研究得出以下结论:(1)两个地域文化组旅游者的草原旅游地意象感知都是积极正面的,草原旅游地意象在市场中发挥着积极的作用。(2)区内文化组旅游者的整体意象感知高于区外,但区外文化组却拥有比区内文化组更高的情感意象。在7个认知意象维度中,多数认知意象维度的感知都是区内文化组高于区外文化组。(3)地域文化差异对旅游者的草原旅游地意象感知没有显著影响。本文的研究对于同一文化体系内部的文化差异对旅游地意象的影响研究具有一定的参考价值。     

旅游地适应性循环模型修正及实证研究——以大别山区金寨县为例

适应性循环是社会-生态系统经历开发、保护、释放、更新的过程,可表征社会-生态系统发展趋势。文章基于旅游地恢复力、潜力以及连通度三要素,指出Holling和Tsao适应性循环模型的局限性,对其病态陷阱进行完善,并提出阶段判定的量化指标,揭示阶段转化的主导因素。根据修正后的理论模型,以旅游地社会-生态系统较为敏感的贫困山区金寨县为例,运用综合指数法对2010—2017年间的恢复力、潜力以及连通度进行定量分析,判断和预测旅游地适应性循环阶段及转化趋势,验证修正后的理论模型。结果表明:金寨县目前处于贫困陷阱,根据当前转化条件,未来将趋向于赌博陷阱;受政策的影响也可能进入开发阶段或保护阶段,若发展过程中避免陷阱可能带来的资源浪费,适应性循环将呈良性运行。     

新开发旅游地市场分析研究——以陕西洛川县为例

通过对洛川县现实和潜在客源市场的调查,分析了洛川旅游市场的空间分布和等级特征、消费者行为特征,并对洛川未来游客的规模进行了预测.在此基础上,探讨了新开发旅游地市场分析的方法.     

国内有关旅游对接待地社会文化影响的研究述评

旅游对接待地的社会文化影响是近年来旅游学界研究的热点问题之一。本文在回顾国内研究进展的基础上．对旅游对接待地社会文化影响的基础理论和主要内容作了重点而详尽的介绍,并就我国目前研究中存在的问题提出了一些看法。     

信息质量对旅游目的地形象的影响研究——基于不同关系强度的社交媒体平台

在互联网迅猛发展以及智能手机不断更新迭代的大环境下,社交媒体已成为人们生活中必不可少的一部分,随着网络技术的发展,流畅的网络系统不仅给人们带来了高质量的上网体验,也为人们的信息收集提供了便利。有出游意愿的游客往往事先通过社交媒体搜索、浏览、接收相关旅游目的地信息,进而感知旅游目的地形象。以往研究中较少关注人们与平台的关系强度或者只选取某一个特定的社交平台来探讨其对信息质量的影响。文章创新性地从不同关系强度视角出发,选取微博、微信两大代表性社交平台,探讨不同关系强度对信息质量的影响,以及信息质量对目的地形象的影响,并得出相关结论。通过研究结论,为目的地营销提供有针对性的建议。     

Share the Gaze: representation of destination image on the Chinese social platform WeChat Moments

ABSTRACT

This paper explores photos and texts posted by tourists on the Chinese social media networking site WeChat Moments, which is an important complementary data source when examining the representation of the destination image. The research applies Aggregated Maps and Social Semantic Networks to analyze the graphic and textual image of the tourist destination Zhangjiajie on WeChat Moments, as well as the relationship between the two forms. The findings are: (1) photos construct an image of the destination as a mountain area with natural scenery and artificial landscapes; (2) texts reflected a multilayer image with a core and subset; (3) photos and texts echoed each other and their differences contributed to an interactive interpretation. The similarities and differences between photos and texts stimulate a discussion about the internal logic of representation.     

国外旅游目的地营销研究综述

本文对国外旅游目的地营销研究进行综述.近10年来国外研究主要涉及旅游目的地形象、旅游目的地营销组织、旅游目的地促销、信息技术与目的地营销4大方面.文章在简要评述我国旅游目的地营销研究现状的基础上,结合国外研究情况,认为强化实证研究及定量分析、旅游目的地品牌及定位研究、旅游目的地营销组织、信息技术的促进作用和旅游目的地营销绩效评价应是我国近期旅游目的地营销研究的主要方向.     

Community-Based Destination Governance in a Developing Economy: The Jamaican Experience

Utilizing a destination governance and social capital conceptual framework, the research examines opinions concerning goals and outcomes in regards to the Jamaican Ministry of Tourism's Ten-Year Master Plan to enhance tourism and increase shared governance. In addition to secondary sources of information, researchers use primary data obtained through an email survey sent to 540 Jamaican managers and executives, 18.3% of whom (n?=?99) completed the survey. Study findings may be deemed contrary to destination governance theory and best practices. However, upon closer examination, they are wholly consistent with theory and models that examine governance issues in developing nations. Arguably, Jamaica tourism may not be ready to fully embrace a network-based model of destination governance, but instead is in the process of evolving toward that model. The findings should be useful for the Jamaican and other developing nation's tourism industries. Further, it should spark discussion regarding governance differences between developing versus developed destinations.     

Policy communities,networks and issue cycles in tourism destination systems

This paper demonstrates how concepts derived from policy community, policy network and issues management theories can be used to understand the roles, activities and interactions of government, corporate and pressure group stakeholders engaged in tourism policy, planning and management in destination contexts. It shows the relevance and utility of an “integrated issue lifecycle approach” to trace the evolution of tourism policy, planning and destination management within specific destination contexts. The application of this approach is demonstrated through a case analysis of the tourism policy and planning system that underpins the destination system of Byron Bay, a significant domestic and international destination on the East Coast of Australia. The underlying premise adopted for this study is that the examination of the antecedents of tourism policy and planning processes, within particular destination contexts, can lead to an understanding of the driving values and ideas that have led to contemporary tourism policy issues and problems.     

Cross-Border Destination Management Systems in the Alpine Region–The Role of Knowledge Networks on the Example of AlpNet

SUMMARY

The Alps are the focus of a wide-ranging discussion. Researchers, scientists, politicians, inhabitants, and people who earn their living in the Alpine region are all confronted with difficult challenges. The main topics are the development in the fields of nature, landscape, tourism and leisure, traffic and transport, and its consequences for the Alps as a living space and economic area. About 30 years ago, a cooperation of tourism and political authorities in 11 countries, regions, provinces, and cantons of Switzerland, Germany, Italy, and Austria has been established. Due to globalization and changing traveling patterns, people have become more and more aware that a new international cooperation of the Alpine tourism regions in the field of destination management and marketing is required. This is necessary in order to react to market changes accordingly. This acknowledgment is instead of small and more or less independent and self-sufficient organizations. It also includes the collaboration concerning one of the most important resources of our time-knowledge-and the establishment of a network where it can be consciously managed.

The following paper shows the special qualities of networks, especially knowledge networks at the example of AlpNet. It consists of three parts. The first part deals with the change of Alpine tourism management and marketing, the second part discusses the necessities and challenges of a cross-border cooperation in tourism marketing with a special focus on networks and knowledge networks, and the third part presents the results of an empirical study explaining the problems and perspectives for developing knowledge networks of cross-border destination management in the Alpine region. As far as management and marketing of tourism destinations are concerned, it is shown what possibilities-yet what limits-may result in launching cross-border cooperation projects in the future. For decades cross-border cooperation was used for compensating existing competitive disadvantages on tourism markets. The example of the new project AlpNet shows how important cooperation and member-specific requirements are for tourism and other economic industries when it comes to the establishment of knowledge networks.