货币政策因素对房价影响的实证分析

新世纪以来,我国房地产业发展迅猛,已经成为我国国民经济的重要支柱.然而房价的不断上涨引起了社会的极大关注,同时也引起了学术界探讨房价畸高原因的热潮.文章在理论分析的基础上,进一步运用向量误差修正模型(VECM)实证检验货币政策对房价波动的影响.实证结果表明,货币政策对房价的影响作用比较显著.因此文章认为在调控房价时,除了必要的行政手段,更应重视货币政策的运用.     

结构性货币政策、金融杠杆与经济增长

基于TVP-VAR模型对结构性货币政策、金融杠杆与经济增长三者关系进行动态识别,并结合我国“去杠杆”的特殊时点进行补充性分析。研究发现：MLF在单独调节金融杠杆、实现经济增长方面的执行效果优于其他工具,而整体上数量型工具的调控幅度和持续性优于价格型工具;“结构性货币政策—金融杠杆—经济增长”间接作用机制表明,短中期内稳杠杆措施加剧了金融体系的脆弱性,对经济发展产生负面影响,而结构性货币政策的长期效应能够通过持续、精准调控金融杠杆促进经济平稳增长。据此,应把握“灵活适度”“精准导向”原则,逐步扩大结构性货币政策的覆盖范围和使用频率。同时,深化金融体制改革,强化宏观审慎管理。     

货币政策、融资战略与企业绩效——基于民营企业的经验证据

本文以中国2006~2011年民营企业数据库中的上市公司为研究对象,检验了货币政策、融资战略与企业绩效的关系。研究发现:货币政策总体上会显著影响民营企业的财务杠杆水平,而相对于紧缩货币政策,宽松货币政策与财务杠杆之间的正向关系更强;财务杠杆在宽松货币政策下对民营企业长期绩效起抑制作用。本文为中国宏观货币政策变化对微观民营企业融资战略及长期绩效的传导影响提供了新的视角和证据。     

货币政策对我国房地产价格影响的区域差异性研究

房地产行业作为与民众生活息息相关的行业,一直是我国政府关注的重点。但自1998年中国住房制度改革以来,房价发展的态势并不稳定,除了市场的自动平衡,也依赖于政府的宏观调控。而货币政策一直是政府调控房价的重要手段。研究发现,货币政策对房地产价格影响效果一般,且具有区域差异性。本文依照聚类分析法,将我国房地产市场按照传统的东、中、西部进行分类研究,认为货币政策确存在影响力的区域差异性,并主张政府在进行调控时考虑区域化的货币政策,从而缩小房价地区差异,促进房地产市场平稳发展。     

货币政策与房价的关系——基于货币政策传导机制角度分析

本文在货币政策传导理论基础上,通过向量误差修正模型实证分析了房价在货币政策传导过程中的作用。通过分析可知,房价在货币政策传导过程中起到了一定的作用,房价渠道的传导效率整体而言比较高,由此而知货币政策和房价之间存在着一定程度的关系。     

房地产价格、经济杠杆与金融系统性风险

经济杠杆在房地产价格与金融稳定的关系中起到不可忽视的作用。基于1997—2017年44个国家和地区的面板数据,合成金融系统性风险综合指标,构建门槛向量自回归模型,检验房地产价格对金融系统性风险的非线性影响。结果表明,房价对金融系统性风险存在门槛效应：低杠杆下,房价上涨有利于金融稳定;中杠杆下,房价上涨促进风险累积;高杠杆下,房价上涨加速金融系统性风险。并且稳健性检验结果一致。当前中国经济杠杆已处于中杠杆向高杠杆转移的区间,个别地区已经跨进高杠杆区域。由此,在当前受疫情影响经济增速下滑的阶段,应该坚守“房住不炒”的原则,不放松对房价和杠杆的调控。     

地区异质性、房价调控与区域货币政策效果

房产市场是典型的区域市场,市场参与者对货币政策反应的敏感度因地区而异。文章基于最优货币区理论,以2010-2017年30个省市直辖市的面板数据为分析对象,采用两步SYS-GMM(系统广义距估计)方法,具体考察我国货币政策对各地区房价波动区域异质和时间滞后性的影响大小。实证结果表明:货币政策对全国住房价格的调控具有时间差异,滞后期数量型政策和预期价格型政策会显著影响当期房价;由于各区域经济发展程度的差异,货币政策对房价调控较为显著存在明显的区域差异效果,其中二线城市的调控作用最为明显。因此,我国应根据各区域经济结构特点加强与完善适度差异化的区域金融调整政策的同时,着力完善二、三线城市金融体系,提高其金融环境。     

我国房价波动对货币政策有效性的影响研究——基于面板VAR模型的实证分析

文章采用2000年~2010年的31个省级面板数据,建立面板VAR模型,从价格效应和产出效应两个维度,实证研究房价波动对我国货币政策有效性的影响。结果表明,货币政策的价格效应显著且有约1年半时滞,而产出效应不显著;房价波动对货币供给量影响不显著;无论是短期还是长期内,房价波动对通货膨胀和经济增长均无显著影响。因此,我国央行不仅要充分考虑货币政策传导的滞后性,提高货币政策的前瞻性;同时要将房价、房价投资及销售等房地产市场数据纳入调控货币供给量的参照指标中。     

货币调控政策对房地产作用的时滞分析

影响房地产宏观调控效果的一个重要因素是政策的时滞性,本文通过脉冲效应函数、方差分解方法测算了1999年至2010年房地产宏观调控政策中货币政策对房地产投资与房价的作用时滞。同时,为了得到测算的精确性,还通过时差相关系数的方法对其进行对比分析。研究表明,货币供应量对房地产投资与房价的作用时滞都为4个季度,贷款对房地产投资与房价的作用时滞分别为4个季度、2个季度。     

货币调控政策对房地产作用的时滞分析

影响房地产宏观调控效果的一个重要因素是政策的时滞性,本文通过脉冲效应函数、方差分解方法测算了1999年至2010年房地产宏观调控政策中货币政策对房地产投资与房价的作用时滞。同时,为了得到测算的精确性,还通过时差相关系数的方法对其进行对比分析。研究表明,货币供应量对房地产投资与房价的作用时滞都为4个季度,贷款对房地产投资与房价的作用时滞分别为4个季度、2个季度。     

浅析影响房地产价格的三大政策因素

文章在根据近年房地产市场迅速发展的基础上,对房地产价格的影响较大的土地政策、金融政策和财税政策等三大宏观调控政策进行了深入的分析。     

Infrastructure provision and macroeconomic performance

This paper studies the differences between private and government provision of infrastructure. Capital utilization decisions and their differential role in determining market prices for capital goods under the two regimes of infrastructure provision serve as a critical transmission mechanism for fiscal policy. A subsidy to private providers of infrastructure is preferable to direct government provision irrespective of how the subsidy or expenditure is financed. The case for private provision is much stronger in economies characterized by high levels of congestion. The choice between private and government provision also has a crucial effect on the design of optimal fiscal policy.     

Reprint to: Infrastructure provision and macroeconomic performance

This paper studies the differences between private and government provision of infrastructure. Capital utilization decisions and their differential role in determining market prices for capital goods under the two regimes of infrastructure provision serve as a critical transmission mechanism for fiscal policy. A subsidy to private providers of infrastructure is preferable to direct government provision irrespective of how the subsidy or expenditure is financed. The case for private provision is much stronger in economies characterized by high levels of congestion. The choice between private and government provision also has a crucial effect on the design of optimal fiscal policy.     

货币政策和财政政策、市场情绪与大类资产收益——基于隐性知识传播视角的解读

以货币政策和财政政策为主的宏观经济政策松紧程度不仅对大类资产收益产生直接效应,还会通过市场情绪对大类资产收益产生间接效应。通过构建基于隐性知识传播的概念模型,探究了宏观经济政策、市场情绪和大类资产收益之间的内在逻辑关系,并提出三个研究假说：宏观经济政策紧缩程度的提高会降低大类资产收益;宏观经济政策紧缩程度的提高会促进市场情绪高涨;宏观经济政策紧缩程度的提高会通过市场情绪高涨,进一步降低大类资产收益。在采用多种计量检验方法并进行稳健性检验后,检验结果都能很好地验证所提出的三个研究假说,研究结论能为我国政府制定相关宏观经济政策提供决策参考。     

Monetary policy transmission in a model with animal spirits and house price booms and busts

Can monetary policy trigger pronounced boom-bust cycles in house prices and create persistent business cycles? We address this question by building heuristics into an otherwise standard DSGE model. As a result, monetary policy sets off waves of optimism and pessimism (“animal spirits”) that drive house prices, that, in turn, have strong repercussions on the business cycle. We compare our findings to a standard model with rational expectations by means of impulse responses. We suggest that a standard Taylor rule is not well-suited to maintain macroeconomic stability. Instead, an augmented rule that incorporates house prices is shown to be superior.     

Impacts of Monetary, Fiscal and Exchange Rate Policies on Output in China: A Var Approach

Applying the VAR model and using the interest rate as a monetary policy variable, we find that in the long run, output in China responds negatively to a shock to the interest rate, the real exchange rate, government debt, or the inflation rate, and it reacts positively to a shock to government deficits or lagged own output. When real M2 is chosen as a monetary policy variable, long-term output in China responds positively to a shock to real M2 or lagged own output, and it reacts negatively to a shock to the real exchange rate, government debt, or government deficits. Its response to a shock to the inflation rate is negative when government debt is used and is positive when government deficits are considered. In the short run, fiscal policy is more important than monetary policy in three out of four cases. In the long run, monetary policy is more influential than fiscal policy in three out of four cases. Therefore, the government may consider conducting monetary and fiscal policies differently in the short run and long run. The government needs to be cautious in pursuing deficit spending as its long-term impacts depend on the monetary variable employed. The policy of maintaining a relatively stable exchange rate is appropriate as the depreciation of the Yuan may hurt the economy in the short run.JEL Classifications: E5, F4, H6     

Monetary and fiscal policy under deep habits

Allowing habits to be formed at the level of individual goods – deep habits - can radically alter the fiscal policy transmission mechanism as the counter-cyclicality of mark-ups this implies can result in government spending crowding-in rather than crowding-out private consumption in the short run. We explore the robustness of this mechanism to the existence of price discrimination in the supply of goods to the public and private sectors. We then describe optimal monetary and fiscal policy in our New Keynesian economy subject to the additional externality of deep habits and explore the ability of simple policy rules to mimic fully optimal policy. We find that the presence of deep habits at empirically estimated levels can imply large externalities that significantly affect the conduct of monetary and tax policy. However, despite the rise in government spending multipliers implied by deep habits, government spending is barely used as a stabilisation tool under the optimal policy.     

Dealing with a liquidity trap when government debt matters: Optimal time-consistent monetary and fiscal policy

How does the need to preserve government debt sustainability affect the optimal monetary and fiscal policy response to a liquidity trap? To provide an answer, we employ a small stochastic New Keynesian model with a zero bound on nominal interest rates and characterize optimal time-consistent stabilization policies. We focus on two policy tools, the short-term nominal interest rate and debt-financed government spending. The optimal policy response to a liquidity trap critically depends on the prevailing debt burden. While the optimal amount of government spending is decreasing in the level of outstanding government debt, future monetary policy is becoming more accommodative, triggering a change in private sector expectations that helps to dampen the fall in output and inflation at the outset of the liquidity trap.     

凯恩斯假设下AD-AS模型的比较静态分析

在凯恩斯假设下的AD-AS模型是一个静态分析模型,文章在假设下,讨论了财政政策和货币政策对产出和价格、利率和投资的影响,分析结果表明:财政政策和货币政策对产出水平和劳动力市场的失业率具有直接的影响,结果同的假设下的分析结果相同,不过变动幅度同以上不同。     

Fiscal and monetary policies in complex evolving economies

What is the most appropriate combination of fiscal and monetary policies in economies subject to banking crises and deep recessions? We study this issue using an agent-based model that is able to reproduce a wide array of macro- and micro-empirical regularities. Simulation results suggest that policy mixes associating unconstrained, counter-cyclical fiscal policy and monetary policy targeting employment is required to stabilise the economy. We also show that “discipline-guided” fiscal rules can be self-defeating, as they depress the economy without improving public finances. Finally, we find that the effects of monetary and fiscal policies become sharper as the level of income inequality increases.