包14断块低渗透油藏注水开发主要做法及效果分析

低渗透油藏天然裂缝和人工裂缝复杂,水淹、水窜现象严重.为控制含水上升速度,对低渗油藏改变注水方式,完善注采对应关系,并对低渗透油藏进行改造,控制了油井的水淹状况,提高了水驱油效率.     

深层低渗透油藏注水开发可行性研究

曙68井区杜家台油藏为岩性-构造油藏,目前为天然能量开发.从油藏地质特点、储层微观特征和渗流特征入手,通过多方面综合研究,评价了油藏注水开发的可行性,确定了适合油藏特征的水质标准和相应的油藏工程方案,对同类油藏注水开发具有一定的借鉴价值.     

锦99块高含水期热采可行性研究

锦99块杜家台油层为注水开发的稠油油藏.常规水驱效果较差,水驱采收率仅为23.8%.高含水期,油层的平面及层间矛盾十分突出.针对该区块油藏特点和剩余油分布状况,利用蒸汽吞吐热采技术,以吞吐引效为主,解堵降粘为辅.累计油汽比达1.63以上,断块采油速度由0.48%上升到0.77%,累计增油8.96×104t,采收率提高至27.4%.     

利用油层裂缝注水是改善油田开发效果的有效途径

头台油田于1994年4月开始注水开发，经历了初期高产、产量滑坡和产量稳定回升3个阶段。开发过程中，主要暴露出2个主要矛盾：一是油层裂缝比较发育，被裂缝沟通的油水井中，采油井很快暴性水淹；而未被裂缝沟通的油水井中，采油井注水受效差，产量递减快，95％以上的油井表现为严重供液不足。二是注入水在油层中的运动主要受裂缝控制，在较高注采比情况下，油井见效慢，单井产量低。由于以上两个主要矛盾，油田产量急剧下降。根据这一严重情况，在茂11井区开设了关闭高含水井沿裂缝线状注水试验，试验一年后，13口南北向油井平均单井产量由3．9dd上升到5．5dd，含水由13．9％降到6．4％，两年来，没有新出现高含水油井。     

复杂断块油藏注水方式探讨

曙二区大凌河油藏为近源物质快速堆积形成的水下扇油藏,发育多套含油层系,且各自有独立的油、气、水组合,断裂系统复杂.早期少井多注的开发方式造成剩余油分布高度分散.通过实施井网完善、动态调注、周期注水、分层注水、轮替注水等技术实现了区块高效开发.     

海外河稠油油田高含水中后期改善注水效果的做法

海外河油田是普通稠油注水开发油田,地质条件异常复杂.随着油田进入高含水中后期开采阶段,水驱油效果越来越差.近年来,以全面加强注水开发管理为中心,不断深化油藏描述和剩余油分布规律研究,采取多种有效手段优化调整注采结构,开发效果得到明显改善,开发水平不断提高.     

Feasibility Criteria in Monetary Trade

Consider the problem of how agents in a pure exchange competitive framework acquire their desired bundles of goods through a process of decentralized trade, i.e., in the absence of an auctioneer. Since the agents' wants are not mutually coincident, a medium of exchange is necessary to conduct trade. One relevant question to ask in this context is what property a commodity should possess in order for it to be eligible as a medium of exchange? This note discovers one such attribute, that the good be included in the final consumption vector of each agent. The condition is an improvement over an earlier one due to Ostroy and Starr (1974) which requires each agent to have large quantities of the medium of exchange in her/his initial endowment of commodities. JEL Classification Numbers: D50, E42.     

柔性行政在税收执法中适用的可行性分析

随着中国改革开放的深入和社会主义市场经济体制的日益完善,传统刚性行政执法那种僵化、忽视行政相对人权益的弊端日渐显露,通过对近几年执法现状的回顾,人们对行政执法问题进行了重新反思,柔性行政执法被提上日程。柔性行政执法以其灵活性强、注重行政相对人意愿的优势弥补了刚性行政执法的缺陷,而税收行政执法一向被认为是具有强制性的,柔性行政执法在税收执法当中是否具有可行性,很多人抱着怀疑态度,因此需要从理论的高度对税务柔性行政执法存在的正当性、合理性及必要性进行认识。     

Feasibility of predatory pricing in a capacity-constrained duopoly

Predatory pricing is feasible only if the minimax profit of the prey is strictly smaller than the expected profit in the corresponding Bertrand-Nash equilibrium. We completely characterize the conditions for feasibility of predatory pricing in Kreps and Scheinkman's model of capacity-constrained duopoly. The predator must have a capacity larger than that of the prey, and also larger than the Cournot capacity. Surprisingly, predatory pricing may be infeasible not only if the prey is too large but also if it is too small.     

汽车行业实施电子商务的可行性分析

我国要实现经济持续增长的关键在于运用高新技术对传统产业进行改造转化。汽车制造业作为我国的传统主导产业,在应用电子商务进行传统产业改造方面具有较为明显的优势。     

Decreasing energy use in buildings by 50% by 2050 — A backcasting study using stakeholder groups

This paper describes a backcasting study focusing on fulfilment of a national target to decrease energy consumption in residential and commercial buildings by 50% by 2050 compared with the consumption in 1995, and identifying possible measures for achieving it. A method based on a combination of backcasting methodology and focus group methodology was used. Two different scenarios were developed. They were used in discussions with stakeholders in the building sector, to explore and identify measures and actors important for target fulfillment. The main outcomes were ideas for strategies and measures needed to achieve the target. The current potential for target fulfilment was also analysed and discussed. The discussions in the different stakeholder groups were mainly concerned with changes in attitude and behaviour and the need for radical changes in social structures. For example, enhanced communication between actors in the building chain, and the need for relevant feedback in order to illustrate the link between the effort in decreasing energy use and actual outcome. The findings suggest that there is sufficient technical potential to achieve the target by 2050 but that this potential will not be realised to a sufficient extent. Achieving the target would be facilitated by policy that is oriented more towards identifying actors with direct influence to promote change. An analysis of incentives for these actors to act, and how different actors can cooperate for energy-efficient solutions should be integrated into the process of suggesting and implementing policy measures.     

保险业交叉销售的可行性分析

本文从收益和成本等经济效益的角度,市场拓展、销售渠道和团队培养等市场营销的角度,资源管理和战略管理等角度,详细分析交叉销售在保险业的可行性,并基于此提出一些促进交叉销售的建议.