Reinvestigating the Oil Price–Stock Market Nexus: Evidence from Chinese Industry Stock Returns

The present study investigates the influence of international oil prices on China's stock market returns across 29 different industries. The paper attempts to account for any structural breaks and nonlinearity in this relationship. The results reveal that the effect of changes in the international price of oil on stock returns differs substantially across industries. The stock returns of the coal, chemical, mining and oil industries are found to be positively affected by crude oil price movements. Conversely, electronics, food manufacturing, general equipment, pharmaceuticals, retail, rubber and vehicle industries are found to be negatively affected by movements in the price of crude oil. The results of the estimations also suggest that the majority of Chinese industries have been significantly affected by oil prices since 2004. The influence of international oil prices on Chinese stocks also has a stronger effect in the presence of high volatility but the effect varies across industries.     

Does peace boost stock prices? Evidence from the Korean stock market

This study analyzes the impact on the Korean stock market of the inter-Korean summits in 2000, 2007, and 2018 and the North Korea–United States summit in 2018 using the event study methodology. Three portfolios, which have high exposures to North Korea risks are constructed: stocks related to Kaesong Industrial Complex (KS portfolio), stocks related to inter-Korean economic cooperation (IEC portfolio), and stocks related to the defense industry (DEF portfolio). Empirical analysis show that the cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) of KS, IEC, and DEF portfolios react positively or negatively to each summit. These results imply that peace does not simply play a role in boosting stock prices and that the stock price reflects all available information related to the summits, including the process and agreement of the summits' discussion and political context. The robustness test (performed by changing the event day to the announcement rather than the agreement) shows that KS and IEC portfolios reflect positive expectation and that the DEF portfolio reflects negative expectation in the financial market. Although each CAR pattern varies, it is true that the stock price reflects all available information of summits swiftly. In other words, our paper shows that the efficient market hypothesis holds in the Korean stock market.     

基于神经网络模型的智能产业板块股价探究

针对金融波动性和市场风险,基于A股市场上70余只智能板块的股票近10年的四因子数据,从神经网络模型入手实证分析,利用随机梯度算法对收盘价预测,比较预测值与实际值的模型误差及损失函数,进行因子选取、算法改进及指标择优。结果表明,神经网络模型参数在批次为2、迭代次数为4 150时,MSE(均方误差)、MAPE(平均绝对百分比误差)、MAE(平均绝对误差)分别为60.191 1、30.732 6、4.803 2,收盘价的拟合效果最佳,该参数下的神经网络模型可用于探究股票市场价格趋势,为投资者、金融机构提供一定参考依据。     

资产价格具有通货膨胀指示作用吗——基于LT-TVP-VAR模型的实证研究

资产价格变动通过财富效应等渠道影响总需求进而通货膨胀的变动,但其影响方向、强度及时变性尚有待进一步研究。本文通过建立包含潜在门限的时变参数向量自回归模型,实证研究房地产价格和股票价格对通货膨胀影响的时变特征。实证结果表明,房地产和股票价格均对通货膨胀产生显著的同向影响,并且影响强度表现出顺周期的时变规律。在资产市场发展的“繁荣期”,影响强度不断增强;而在“低迷期”,其影响趋弱甚至无效。当股票市场和房地产市场运行出现周期错配时,其通货膨胀效应更趋复杂和不确定。     

Turnover tax and trading volume: Panel analysis of stocks traded in the Japanese and US markets

Japan eliminated turnover tax on stock trading through the end of the 1990’s to revitalize its ailing stock market by reducing the overall transaction cost for stock trading. This paper empirically examines the effect of this exogenous, institutional change in tax policy on stock trading volume in the Japanese market. To do so, we use panel data of stocks traded in both the Japanese and United States markets and compare changes in their trading volumes at the times of the tax changes. We use a well-established V-shape relationship between turnover and price change, with three different assumptions as regards how the price change relates to turnover across stocks and markets. Although a model allowing for both slope and intercept shifts does not offer any indications one way or the other, a more restricted model allowing only for an intercept shift clearly suggests a statistically significant increase in trading volume in the Japanese market but not in the United States markets for April 1999. However, such a result was not obtained for April 1996. These results indicate that the abolition of turnover tax in 1999, but not the rate reduction in 1996, contributed to the trading volume increase.     

影响中国国际资本流动的因素分析

本文结合中国资本流动的特点,加入证券市场价格及房地产价格水平两个变量实证分析了1982～2004年对我国国际资本流动的影响。结果表明对中国资本流动影响最显著的因素依次为利率、汇率、房地产价格指数和证券市场价格。     

我国股指期货市场价格发现功能研究——基于上升、下跌和震荡状态下的分析

为了研究我国股指期货市场的价格发现功能,文章按照时变的思路,根据股指期货在不同市场环境下的作用和表现,将市场区别为上升、下跌和震荡三种情况来检验价格发现功能的差异。通过采用VEC模型、PT模型和IS模型进行对比分析,发现在大牛市和熊市时期,股指期货的所起到的作用会很明显,在价格发现中所占比例较大,为50-70%;而在股市平盘震荡时期,股指期货的价格发现能力要弱一些,只占20-30%比例。文中建议要加快发展我国股指期货市场,改善和优化目前的产品结构体系,减少对市场的不必要限制措施,使之成为更加规范和成熟的股指期货市场。     

Deflation,Productivity Shocks and Gold: Evidence from the 1880–1914 Period

In this paper we examine the sources and impact of deflation on the growth experiences of the four dominant countries on the gold standard in the period 1880–1913: the United States, The United Kingdom, France and Germany. We distinguish between good deflation, (driven by positive aggregate supply shocks) and bad deflation (driven by aggregate demand shocks). We use an empirical Blanchard/Quah model which decomposes the behaviour of prices, output and the money stock into the impact of shocks such as a world price level shock, a domestic supply shock, and domestic demand shocks including a shock to the domestic gold stock. Our key finding is that the European economies were essentially classic in the sense that output was mainly supply driven and that money was neutral even when country specific gold stocks are included. In the United States, however, we observe both good and bad deflation.     

Excess Returns of Industrial Stocks and the Real Estate Factor

In order to identify the major risk factors in pricing industrial stocks, this study estimates different models based on six explanatory factors: the overall stock market, size, book-to-market equity ratio, the term structure, default risk, and the unsecuritized real estate market. The results of this study indicate that the real estate factor plays an important role in explaining excess returns on industrial stocks, along with other risk factors. The coefficient of the stock market factor declines when the real estate market factor is included in the model. Therefore, the large coefficient in the single-factor (stock market) model probably results from covariation between the overall stock market factor and the real estate factor. Results for subperiods indicate that the effects of the real estate factor are quite stable and second only to the overall stock market factor.     

国际化经营、机构投资者与股价同步性

文章研究了中国上市公司的国际化经营对股价同步性的影响,以及机构投资者在二者关系中所起的作用。结果发现,相对于非国际化经营公司而言,国际化经营公司的股价同步性较高;而国际化经营程度越高,股价同步性越低,且二者的反向关系会随着机构投资者持股比例的增加而增强。结论表明,上市公司提供的信息量、投资者获取信息的成本、投资者的理性程度及结构等因素都会影响投资者识别和区分特质信息和噪音的能力,进而影响股价同步性。     

大小非解禁和股价波动关系的实证分析

本文基于2007年1月至2011年3月的月度时间序列样本,构建了经典的多元回归模型,对"大小非"解禁与股价走势之间的关系进行了分阶段实证研究。计量结果表明,国内国际经济形势、货币政策以及预期等因素才是影响我国股价走势变化的最主要因素,而"大小非"解禁对股价走势的影响程度则要受到我国股市所处行情阶段的限制。     

Dissecting long-run and short-run causalities between monetary policy and stock prices

We adopt a Cointegrated Vector-Autoregressive (CVAR) model to analyze the long-run behavior and short-run dynamics of stock markets across five developed and three emerging economies. Our main aim is to check whether liquidity conditions play an important role for stock market developments. As an innovation, liquidity conditions enter the analysis from three angles: in the form of a broad monetary aggregate, the interbank overnight rate and net capital flows which represent the share of global liquidity that arrives in the respective country. A second objective is to understand whether central banks are able to influence the stock market.     

Influence of macroeconomic factors on the Russian stock market

The article highlights approaches to estimating external factors having an impact on development of the Russian stock market. It contains different standpoints of international and domestic authors on this subject. The authors have tested the econometric EGARCH model in the article in order to evaluate the impact of various factors on the domestic stock market. The factors analyzed include the gross domestic product (GDP), US dollar exchange rate, euro/dollar ratio, net capital movement, and Brent oil free market price. The results of analysis show the heavy reliance of the dynamics of the Russian MICEX stock exchange index primarily on the oil price and US dollar exchange rate.     

Understanding Cross‐Country Differences in Valuation Ratios: A Variance Decomposition Approach

We use a variance decomposition approach to examine why aggregate valuation ratios differ across countries. In a cross section of 22 developed countries from 1980 to 2009, we find that 50 percent of all cross‐country differences in the aggregate price‐to‐book ratio (P/B) can be explained by cross‐country differences in expected future five‐year profitability. In the second half of our sample period, this percentage exceeds that of the first half, rising to almost 64 percent. Although international differences in accounting standards and conventions may have made earnings from different countries more difficult to compare relative to dividends, we find that it is still cross‐country differences in expected future profitability, rather than dividend growth rates, that are more closely related to international differences in valuation ratios. Even among 25 emerging markets, we find that expected future profitability at the five‐year horizon can account for 29 percent of all cross‐country P/B variations. Our results show that international investors are able to identify substantial cross‐country differences in future‐earnings prospects and incorporate them into stock market valuations.     

The Fed’s reaction to the stock market during the great depression: Fact or artefact?

A notable feature of the 1920s and 1930s is the volatility in several key macroeconomic aggregates, and this feature used to econometrically identify the reaction of the Fed to stock market developments. The volatility of economic activity may have contributed to deepening the divisions among policy-makers about how the Fed ought to respond to stock price developments. Relying on the technique of [Rigobon, R. 2003. Identification through heteroskedasticity. Review of Economics and Statistics 85, 777–792], volatility is used as an instrument to estimate the Fed’s response to the stock market. Other identification assumptions based on structural VARs produce compatible results. Fed behavior appeared to have changed following the stock market crash of 1929. Consistent with the Riefler-Burgess doctrine, interest rates and stock returns are negatively related. I conclude that, prior to the stock market crash of 1929, a form of benign neglect explains Fed behavior. Thereafter, the Fed reacts only slightly more aggressively to stock market developments.     

ARCH versus information-based variances: evidence from the Tokyo Stock Market

By using both the individual stock prices quoted on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and their price index (TOPIX), this paper examines whether the conditional variance of stock returns is characterized by the auto-regressive-conditional-heteroskedasticity (ARCH) effect or the information-based effect. The paper finds that the inclusion of the trading volume in both generalized ARCH (GARCH) and exponential GARCH (EGARCH) specifications eliminates the ARCH effect for individual stocks and the TOPIX. The paper explains the reasons for these results. The findings suggest strong support for the information-based variance model which gives a parallel explanation to the ARCH-type models.     

国际市场粮食价格波动性上升的原因及未来趋势分析

近年来,国际市场粮食价格波动性明显上升,其原因在于全球粮食库存持续下降、粮食需求波动加大以及全球流动性过剩与金融投机的推动,未来国际市场粮食价格波动性仍将处于高位。中国需要确保粮食基本自给,以防国际市场粮食价格的高波动性传入中国。     

Characteristics and performance of institutional and foreign investors in Japanese and Korean stock markets

This study examines the characteristics of the stock ownership by institutional and foreign investors, as well as their effects on stock price performance in Japan and Korea. The main results of this study are summarized as follows. First, foreign investors have a clearer preference for stocks with large capitalization and low book-to-market ratios than do institutional investors in both Japanese and Korean stock markets. Second, foreign investors prefer stocks with a high return on equity, especially in Korea. Third, average returns have more apparent differentiation among institutional (foreign) ownership portfolios than among foreign (institutional) ownership portfolios in Japan (Korea). Fourth, the stocks that are preferred simultaneously by both institutional and foreign investors show statistically significant positive abnormal returns in both Korea and Japan, whereas those preferred by either institutional or foreign investors show statistically significant positive abnormal returns only in Korea. The institutional investors' incentive for stock holding, the extent of stock market efficiency, and stock price polarization could be the possible explanations for the different empirical results observed for Japan and Korea. J. Japanese Int. Economies 21 (2) (2007) 195–213.     

Contrarian Investment in the Dutch Stock Market

The efficient markets hypothesis states that at any times security prices fully reflect all available information. Contrarian investment strategies do not recognize the efficiency of capital markets. They call for buying undervalued stocks, i.e. stocks with a low price relative to their fundamentals. The idea behind such a strategy is to take advantage of the extrapolation behaviour of naive investors. Using a fresh and extensive data set from the Dutch stock market, we found that these strategies yield an outperformance without a higher risk. Our results make it hard to maintain the efficient market hypothesis.     

Intraday return and volatility spillover mechanism from Chinese to Japanese stock market

We analyze the mechanism of return and volatility spillover effects from the Chinese to the Japanese stock market. We construct a stock price index comprised of those companies that have substantial operations in China. This China-related index responds to changes in the Shanghai Composite Index more strongly than does the TOPIX (the market index of the Tokyo Stock Exchange). This result suggests that China has a large impact on Japanese stocks via China-related firms in Japan. Furthermore, we find evidence that this response has become stronger as the Chinese economy has gained importance in recent years.