基于生产函数的铁路移动装备投资效益评价

基于修正的生产函数构建了铁路移动装备投资效益评价模型,测算了1995—2009年我国铁路移动装备的投资效益。得出如下结论:用于购置铁路移动装备的资金每增加1%,铁路运输效益产出将增加9.6%;铁路移动装备年均新增投入占铁路资本投入总额的11.16%,其贡献率占铁路资本贡献率总额的26.38%,因此其扩张性贡献效益明显。     

Is there an energy paradox in fuel economy? A note on the role of consumer heterogeneity and sorting bias

From the previous literature, it can be found that consumers tend to undervalue discounted future energy costs in their purchase decisions for energy-using durables. We show that this finding could, in part, result from ignoring consumer heterogeneity in empirical analyses as opposed to true undervaluation.     

An evaluation framework for technology transfer of new equipment in high technology industry

With the rapid advancement of technology, product life cycle is shortening continuously. In order to compete against other firms in fiercely competitive global markets, a firm has to keep developing new technology to differentiate itself from others. The acquisition of new core-technology equipment is especially important for manufacturing advanced products, and the technology know-how of the equipment must be transferred completely from equipment supplier to engineers and operators of the firm to effectively utilize the equipment. The objective of this paper is to explore the technology transfer of equipment and to establish a comprehensive framework for evaluating and selecting new equipment with critical technology transfer. Influence factors for technology transfer of new equipment are first collected by literature review and interviews with related experts in the thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT-LCD) industry in Taiwan. Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) is applied next to select the most critical factors. Then, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is employed to determine the interrelationship among the critical factors. A fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) model is constructed to evaluate the technology transfer performance of equipment suppliers. The results of this study should provide a base for firms in evaluating the purchase of new equipment and a reference for equipment suppliers to strengthen their technology transfer process to their buyers.     

中国重大技术装备制造业的技术升级路径选择——政府介入下的业主与中外厂商博弈研究

本文分析了重大技术装备需求业主的购买及重复购买国外设备的策略,指出巨大的市场需求以及业主之间的竞争使得业主购买和重复购买国外设备的行为陷入了囚徒困境。业主的重复购买和国内厂商的技术控制导致了中国重大技术装备制造业的结构性矛盾,造成了对国外引进的技术装备消化吸收能力不强,严重制约了中国重大技术装备制造业技术水平的提升。为此,本文提出以国家重大项目建设为契机,用政策工具约束业主行为,从而提升中国重大技术装备制造业的技术水平。     

Participation of nurse executives in product decisions

This national survey of 30 chief nurse executives documented the significant product purchase power of these administrators. While nurse executives in small organizations tended to be involved in almost all product decisions, nurse executives in larger institutions focused on major hospital equipment purchases.     

Consumer valuation of energy-saving features of residential air conditioners with hedonic and choice models

The promotion of energy-efficient appliances is necessary to reduce the energetic and environmental burden of the household sector. However, many studies have reported that a typical consumer underestimates the benefits of energy-saving investment on the purchase of household electric appliances. To analyze this energy-efficiency-gap problem, many scholars have estimated implicit discount rates that consumers use for energy-consuming durables. Although both hedonic and choice models have been used in previous studies, a comparison between the two models has not yet been made. This study uses point-of-sale data about Japanese residential air conditioners and estimates implicit discount rates with both hedonic and choice models. Both models demonstrate that a typical consumer underinvests in energy efficiency. Although choice models generally estimate a lower implicit discount rate than hedonic models, the latter models estimate the values of other product characteristics more consistently than choice models.     

Why don’t households see the light?: Explaining the diffusion of compact fluorescent lamps

Starting in 2009 the EU ban on the sale of incandescent bulbs will force households to purchase energy-saving compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). The impact of the ban on consumers will depend on the nature of current barriers to the use of CFLs. This paper employs a Double-Hurdle model to identify distinct barriers to household consideration of CFLs and to the subsequent intensity of adoption using a large survey of German households. Barriers to CFL consideration are found to be low for all households, except those with very low incomes. Barriers to CFL consideration are, however, strongly linked to the residential characteristics of low-income households like small size and to the lack of household knowledge of energy consumption. CFLs use will increase after the ban mainly through a rise in the intensity of adoption. But the ban will be costly to consumers because the range of applications where households chose to employ CFLs is limited, particularly for high income households.     

浅谈电气设备相关问题

电气设备的采购和谈判一定要积累经验和技巧,并且建立一套包括购置论证、审批、招标采购、合同签订管理、验收管理等合法、规范的体系。项目部管理人员要分工明确各司其职抓好产品质量。同时,应配备或者兼职一名测量技术人员。而且要熟悉电气设备特性、安装调试规程、调试仪器方法、安全生产制度,注意安装过程的事项和安全措施,这样在日常工作中才能省时省力、安全无忧。     

我国装备制造业自主创新之路

目前,我国装备制造业还没有完成承担起“装备中国”的重任,振兴装备制造业必须走自主创新之路：第一,要树立勇于自主创新的信心,以最大的决心培育创新能力;第二,要加大对装备制造企业自主创新的资金支持力度;第三,制定和完善政府首购和订购国产设备的政策措施;第四,进一步加强关键技术和共性技术研发;第五,要合理选择创新方向和创新模式;第六,要大力培育富有创新能力的各类人才;等等。     

顾客参与对购买意愿影响的经验研究——以电子优惠券为例

市场上的电子优惠券之所以能够蓬勃兴起和运营商终端设备的普及,是由于顾客参与发挥了重要作用。随着电子优惠券使用的日益频繁,电子优惠券市场竞争日益激烈,运营商应该如何维持和吸引新的客户群体加入会员体制,成为市场的关注重点。本文研究中将顾客参与的四个维度即工作认知、搜寻信息、付出努力、人际互动作为本研究的自变量,顾客购买意愿作为因变量,而顾客感知价值作为中介变量,旨在运营商网站或终端设备上获取和使用电子优惠券作为研究对象。从电子优惠券的消费情境出发,研究顾客参与、顾客感知价值的关系以及对顾客购买意愿的影响,以求通过实证研究的结果为竞争激烈的运营商市场提供一定的建议。     

我国节能服务市场主体的博弈分析

节能服务这一新兴产业在我国出现了发展受阻的不利局面,文章从节能服务市场的供给方——节能服务企业的角度对此进行了分析。节能服务市场主体的博弈分析表明,节能服务企业的机会主义行为对用能企业的外包决策有着重大的不利影响。我国政府应进一步完善节能服务的相关法律法规、建立节能服务企业资质认证制度和节能服务效果监测制度,以约束节能服务企业的机会主义行为,促进我国节能服务产业的健康发展。     

不同技术来源对中国装备制造业技术创新的影响——基于企业所有制类型视角

利用2010-2017年中国装备制造业国有企业、民营企业和外资企业面板数据，分析不同技术来源对各所有制企业技术创新的影响，进一步考察各所有制企业对外源性技术来源的吸收效率。结果发现，不同技术来源对中国装备制造业技术创新的影响因所有制不同而呈现显著差异。其中，国外技术引进对民营企业和外资企业技术创新具有显著正向影响，对国有企业没有显著影响;国内技术购买对民营企业有显著抑制作用，对其它类型企业没有影响;外商直接投资对国有企业和外资企业的技术创新有显著正向作用，对民营企业没有显著影响;自主研发显著促进国有企业技术创新，而对民营企业和外资企业没有显著促进作用。考察吸收效率发现，不同所有制企业对各种来源技术吸收效率整体较低且存在一定差异。     

Green monetary and fiscal policies: The role of consumer preferences

We establish a two-sector model to simulate the potential effects of green fiscal poli- cies and unconventional green monetary policy on the economy during a recovery or in case of a stimulus policy. We find that instruments such as a carbon tax, an implicit tax on brown loans, and a subsidy for the purchase of green goods are all beneficial to the green sector, in contrast to green quantitative easing. A carbon tax imposed directly on firms in the brown sector is the most effective tool to reduce pollution. More importantly, the marginal effects of green instruments on the economy depend on consumer preferences. Namely, the marginal effects are the most prominent when consumers start to purchase more green goods as an increasing part of their consumption basket. Furthermore, the effects of those green policies are more effective when the elasticity of substitution between green and brown goods increases. This finding suggests that raising consumers’ awareness and ability to consume green goods reinforce the effectiveness of public policies designed for low-carbon transition of the economy.     

聚丁烯管材投资项目节能减排评价——以某聚丁烯管材投资项目为例

为加强固定资产投资项目节能管理,促进科学合理利用能源,从源头上杜绝能源浪费,提高能源利用效率、降低碳排放,根据节能法规、标准,选择评价模型,以我国某聚丁烯管材投资项目为例,评价该项目的能源利用是否科学合理,结果显示该项目的年单位产品产量综合能耗为0.44tce/t;项目年综合节能量为589.92tce/t;定比节能率为16%;减少CO2排放量1 474.8吨;与国内同行业单位产品能源消耗比较,该项目处于国内领先水平,但仍有拓展空间,进而提出具体的节能减排建议。     

我国汽车制造投资项目节能减排评价——以某汽车投资项目为例

为加强固定资产投资项目节能管理,促进科学合理利用能源,从源头上杜绝能源浪费,提高能源利用效率、降低碳排放.本文根据节能法规、标准,选择评价模型,以我国某汽车整车制造投资项目为例,评价该项目的能源科用是否科学合理,结果显示,该项目的单位产品年综合能耗为0.305吨标准煤;项目年综合节能量为4394.66吨标准煤;年综合节电量为550万千瓦时;节能率为12.01％;减少CO2排放量10986.65吨;与国内同行业单位产品能源消耗比较,该项目处于国内同行业较好水平,但仍有拓展空间;最后本文提出具体的节能减排措施.     

The benefits to domestically owned plants from inward direct investment: the role of vertical linkages

Abstract The paper estimates the effects of the U.S. direct investment in Canada upon productivity in domestically owned plants. We distinguish between FDI in the industry of domestically controlled plants and FDI in the industries linked through supply or use of intermediate inputs. We find that an increase in supplier FDI increases productivity growth in domestically controlled plants. The positive productivity effects of FDI are more pronounced for plants that buy more intermediates and who purchase science‐based intermediate inputs (i.e., electronics, machinery and equipment, and chemicals). Productivity of domestic plants also benefits from larger‐scale and higher rates of advanced technologies adoption.     

Violent crime and punishment: an application of the LISREL model

Public anxiety over violent crime has forged a broad consensus to purchase more crime control. Recently, the President brought into law a federal anti-crime bill that will put an additional 100 000 police on the nation's streets. This paper presents empirical evidence on the deterrence effect of police presence. The principal finding is that police presence deters commission of violent crimes by increasing the risk of being punished for committing those crimes. This risk is modelled as a latent variable, because the probability and severity of punishment for committing a violent crime are generally communicated in an onconsistant fashion. The violent crime commission rate is also treated as a latent variable, because it is almost certainly afflicted with measurement error.     

节能居住建筑的开发分析

在国家提倡建设资源节约型社会的形势下,开发节能居住建筑已成为我国经济发展亟待解决的重要问题.文章分析了我国当前节能居住建筑开发中存在的主要问题,并提出了加快节能居住建筑开发的有效途径.     

电商不同类型促销对购买行为的长期影响——以亚马逊电子书为例

促销的长期影响在学术界一直备受争议,并且传统研究更多地关注实体企业的促销效果,而对电商平台的促销活动研究较少。为了厘清电商平台的不同促销方式对消费者购买行为的长期影响,本文基于亚马逊电子书的销售数据,建立固定效应模型考察了降价和优惠券两种价格促销的长期影响。结果表明,降价促销会导致消费者未来购买数量减少、购买金额增加、购买时间间隔缩短;优惠券促销则会使得消费者未来购买数量增加、购买金额减少、购买时间间隔不变。在此基础上,本文进一步分析了消费者购买经验的调节作用。本文不仅丰富了已有促销长期影响的研究成果,而且对电商如何制定促销策略以优化促销长期效果提供了科学可行的建议,具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。     

Pre-sale information

In markets as diverse as that for specialized industrial equipment or that for retail financial services, sellers or intermediaries may earn profits both from the sale of products and from the provision of pre-sale consultation services. We study how a seller optimally chooses the costly quality of pre-sale information, next to the price of information and the product price, and obtain clear-cut predictions on when information is over- and when it is underprovided, even though we find that information quality does not satisfy a standard single-crossing property. Buyers who are a priori more optimistic about their valuation end up paying a higher margin for information but a lower margin for the product when they subsequently exercise their option to purchase at a pre-specified price.