Exploring the relationship between technical and service characteristics

The paper explores the complex relationship between technical and service characteristics discussed by the Saviotti–Metcalfe model of innovation. It is proposed that principal components analysis (PCA) is a more appropriate method of analysing this relationship than approaches previously used. A PCA is performed on a dataset of mobile phone handsets for the period 2003 to 2008. In addition to the relationship between technical and service characteristics, the analysis explores the existence of clusters of ergonomic characteristics within mobile phone handsets. The findings indicate that a limited set of core technology components underpin the large set of service characteristics offered by mobile phone handsets, and that the mapping between technical and service characteristics can be highly complex.

On the relationship between hierarchy and type morphisms

Here, we establish a relationship between hierarchy and type morphisms. Both concepts have been used to relate the types in one structure to types in a second “larger” structure. In general, the two concepts may differ, in the sense that a hierarchy morphism need not be a type morphism. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition under which the two concepts coincide. We go on to provide situations under which this condition must be satisfied.     

略论生态经济学与可持续发展经济学的关系

对生态环境的狭义理解，决定了可持续发展经济学与生态经济学是大范畴与小范畴的关系，这种关系决定了它们之间有许多共同的地方，但又存在着许多差别，因此它们之间存在互补的关系，正确处理这种关系，就能促进两者的共同发展。     

On the relationship between population change and sustainable development

This paper investigates the relationship between population growth and economic growth, through the study of fertility choices and their effects on natural resources. It aims at analyzing the interactions between endogenous fertility choices and the environment and their link to the sustainable matter. We analyze a growth model driven by natural resources and without production, where agents have jointly to determine consumption and fertility, taking into account the effects of their decisions on the dynamics of natural resources. We adopt the most optimistic view on natural capital (it generates endogenous growth) and the weakest notion of sustainable paths (all variables are positive): in such a framework we expect that sustainable paths exist. We instead show that this is not always true. In fact, even if renewal capacity of natural resources is unbounded, not always can a sustainable path be found: this depends on the difference between the stationary fertility rate and the mortality rate. If the stationary fertility is lower than the mortality rate, a sustainable path will not be found, and in such a case public intervention is necessary in order to address the economy along a sustainable path. This can simply be done through policies affecting public attention to environmental protection or the intensity of the dilution effect.     

The devil in the details: Non-convexities in ecosystem service provision

Standard economic theory is built on key assumptions regarding concavity and convexity, particular with respect to the production possibility frontier. Non-convexity is readily demonstrated using a two species conventional model. Now that ecosystem services are growing in prominence it is important to confirm that typical natural resource production relations obey these conditions. If not, innocently prescribing price or allocation policies can lead to a minimum rather than a maximum or to wrong equilibrium solutions in general. This is a particular danger in decentralized pricing systems.     

On the relationship between the value of the mark and German production

This study employs Johansen's cointegration technique to determine the long-run relationship between exchange value of the DM and German production. It is shown that depreciation of the DM has a long-run expansionary impact on German production. This conclusion is based on a new method of selecting the order of VAR and the appropriate cointegrating vector simultaneously.     

On the provision of incentives in finance experiments

Monetary incentives are a procedural pillar in experimental economics. By applying four distinct monetary incentive schemes in three experimental finance applications, we investigate the impact of an incentive scheme’s salience on results and elicit subjects’ perception of the experienced scheme. We find (1) no differences in results between salient schemes but a significant impact if the incentive scheme is non-salient. (2) The number of previous participations has a significant impact on the perception of the incentive scheme by subjects: it strongly correlates with subjects’ motives for participation, positively contributes to subjects’ understanding of the incentive scheme, but has no influence on subjects’ motivation within the experiment. (3) Subjects favor more salient over less- or non-salient schemes in the gain domain and negatively evaluate high salience in the loss domain.     

On the time-varying relationship between EMU sovereign spreads and their determinants

We use a dynamic multipath general-to-specific algorithm to capture structural instability in the link between euro area sovereign bond yield spreads against Germany and their underlying determinants over the period January 1999–August 2011. We offer new evidence suggesting a significant heterogeneity across countries, both in terms of the risk factors determining spreads over time as well as in terms of the magnitude of their impact on spreads. Our findings suggest that the relationship between euro area sovereign risk and the underlying fundamentals is strongly time-varying, turning from inactive to active since the onset of the global financial crisis and further intensifying during the sovereign debt crisis. As a general rule, the set of financial and macro spreads' determinants in the euro area is rather unstable but generally becomes richer and stronger in significance as the crisis evolves.     

中央银行独立性与通货膨胀关系的实证研究

对中央银行独立性问题的研究起源于对货币政策动态不一致的讨论,学者普遍认为中央银行独立性的增强有助于减轻货币政策动态不一致导致的通货膨胀.本文提出我国的央行独立性应该包括人事独立性、政策独立性和财务独立性三方面,并且用修正过的指标对我国中央银行独立性与通货膨胀之间的关系进行实证分析.在理论上分析了我国中央银行独立性可以抑制通货膨胀的两个机制:固定资产投资渠道和为了缓解收入不平等进行转移支付的渠道.     

浅析产业损害与倾销、反倾销的关系

本文认为造成产业损害的原因不仅仅是限在贸易领域,而产业损害不仅仅是现实的损害,还应该包括潜在的产业损害威胁以及对建立国内产业造成的实质阻碍。当作为反倾销摩擦中的"受害者"——进口国时,应冷静分析倾销原因,综合考虑整个产业的短期和长期利益,最终采取适当手段应对;对于国外歧视性反倾销,国家应充分利用WTO赋予的权利,必要时启动争端解决机制。     

Institutions,quality competition and public service provision: The case of public education

This paper contributes to the literature on integovernmental competition in two ways. First, the institutional setting within which public services are delivered is analyzed with respect to the impact on the quality of services provided. Previous studies have measured competition only in terms of governmental structure, ignoring the issue of service quality and the potential for differentiating local governmental jurisdictions along quality dimensions. Second, the outcome of competition is defined in terms of service quality. Previous studies generally have measured the outcome of competition by examining the fiscal effects of fragmentation and accountability through service costs or tax revenue impacts. School districts were used to empirically test quality competition. Student academic performance was modeled as a function of control variables and the degree of competition from neighboring school districts. Academic performance in public schools was positively associated with the performance of neighboring districts, although the effect was small. These findings, however, suggest that strategies to strengthen interjurisdictional competition may be useful in enhancing public service quality.     

A research study on the relationship between personal career development management and willingness to relocate

The business-operating environment nowadays is in a severe changing situation and, as a result, triggers an increasingly fierce competition in the development of offshore business and bases. This makes selection of suitable expatriate personnel more and more important for companies. Taking graduates who are about to start their career in the society as subjects, this study focuses on the effect of personal career development management on the willingness to relocate in the future. Data are analyzed using Pearson correlation, multiple regression and structural equation modeling. The result shows that the career development management of the students graduating from a management college of a university has a significant effect on their willingness to relocate and can be well predicted. This study puts forward practical and academic suggestions based on this result.     

On the relationship between energy returns and trading volume: a multifractal analysis

Forecasting and modelling commodities price movements and the activity of energy markets are of real interest to investors and policymakers, especially during turbulent times. This study investigates the volume–returns relationship for two major energy markets (oil and gas) during the recent global financial crisis. Unlike previous studies, we examine this relationship by applying an original fractal approach to intraday data, which has the advantage of accounting for further non-normality, nonstationarity, and fat-tailedness properties. Our study provides two interesting findings. First, we find a significant multifractal relationship between returns and volume in both markets and across all timescales, suggesting nonlinearity in the cross-correlation between returns and volume and rejecting the efficiency assumption. Second, the measure of multifractality in this relationship shows that the magnitude of the fluctuations during bearish and bullish trends affects the volume–return relationship differently, and that the oil market exhibits higher volatility than does the gas market.     

基于供应链管理的军队后勤管理

供应链管理是一种先进的管理思想.在军队采购制度改革的新形势下,我军后勤管理领域应借鉴供应链管理的先进思想和理念,积极协调各部门,改进业务流程,以提高军用物质的保障效益.本文在分析供应链管理内涵及在我军后勤管理领域应用供应链管理的必要性基础上,提出了基于供应链管理的军队后勤管理对策及建议.     

农家乐的服务质量、顾客满意度及忠诚度的关系研究——以天目山地区为例

通过问卷调查和当面访谈相结合的方法,以天目山景区周边的农家乐为例,对其服务质量、顾客满意及忠诚度的关系进行研究。结果表明,农家乐服务质量对于顾客满意度、顾客忠诚度具有正向关系,顾客满意度对于顾客忠诚度也具有正向关系。为进一步提升整体农家乐服务质量,增加顾客满意度,提高顾客的重游意愿和推荐意愿,提出相关建议和意见,以期促进天目山景区周边农家乐的可持续发展。     

On the simultaneity bias in the relationship between risk attitudes,entry into entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial survival

We consider the simultaneity bias when examining the effect of individual risk attitudes on entrepreneurship. We demonstrate that entry into self-employment is related to changes in risk attitudes. We further show that these changes are correlated with the probability to remain in entrepreneurship.     

浅析地下博彩业的兴盛

20世纪90年代初,地下“六合彩”传入内地,给中国部分地区的经济发展造成了严重的影响,十多年过去了,虽经政府的强力打击,“六合彩”还在继续蔓延,彩民购买势头并未消减。本文试图从彩民、庄家两个方面分析地下博彩业兴盛的原因,以及封经济造成的影响,最后提出根除建议。