浅谈中国居民预防性消费储蓄的实证检验

本文拟以预防性消费储蓄理论为研究框架,运用1978年～2004年时间序列数据,采用误差修正模型来(ECM)来对中国居民的储蓄行为进行实证检验。本文证明了经济转轨时期中中国居民消费储蓄的预防性储蓄特征,并提出了刺激居民消费的相关政策性建议。     

中国居民储蓄变动的社会分析

长期以来,储蓄被看着是收入暂时未被消费的剩余,储蓄变动是收入的函数.边际储蓄倾向就是储蓄增量与收入增量之比,由于边际消费倾向递减,测边际储蓄倾向递增.然而中国从1978年至1992年以来的经验证明,储蓄与收入之间并非呈完全的线性递增关系.由此看来,单纯从经济变量方面研究居民储蓄变动,并不能找到统一的有规则的储蓄变动趋势.本文试图从储蓄的社会整体出发,以多种角度和多种层次,综合研究人们储蓄行为的总体框架,从社会学角度分析居民储蓄的变动规则.     

我国居民预防性储蓄研究

由于未来的不确定性所导致的预防性储蓄动机,造成我国居民储蓄率较高,而抑制了即期消费。本文从预防性储蓄理论出发,通过定性和定量分析研究我国居民的预防性储蓄行为,然后分析预防性储蓄动机对居民消费需求的影响,最后提出政策建议。     

转轨时期中国城乡居民预防性储蓄比较研究——中国城乡居民消费的理论框架及实证研究

本文利用欧拉方程,推导出预期消费增长时消费效用最大化的条件和相应的消费函数。并利用中国城乡居民的面板数据,运用预防性储蓄和流动性约束假说以及空间状态模型,对中国城乡居民的消费行为进行了比较研究。结果表明,中国城乡居民消费的"随机游走"假说不成立,农村居民的过度敏感性要大于城镇居民,城乡居民存在显著的预防性储蓄动机,城乡居民的预防性储蓄动机交替变化。本文还验证了消费与收入之间存在变协整关系。     

效用-收入函数对消费者行为的解释

本文是黄冈师范学院大学生科研基金项目"货币的边际效用与消费者行为研究"的成果之一。主要从效用-收入函数的角度对消费者行为的特征进行经济阐述与数学论证。并且建立了对储蓄/投资、收入、消费的相互作用做相关分析的模型方程。利用数学方程及其相关演算,从经济学角度来解释他们之间的相互依赖关系。为指导企业行为提供帮助。     

经济转轨时期不确定性对我国城镇居民消费行为的影响

本文从我国城镇居民面临的不确定性入手,从定性和定量角度分析不确定性对我国城镇居民消费行为的影响,结论表明:经济转轨时期城镇居民面临的不确定性增加是导致居民消费需求不足,储蓄增长过快的重要原因;预防性储蓄动机在我国城镇居民消费决策中普遍存在,要想启动消费,就必须采取措施降低居民的预防性储蓄动机。     

我国居民消费及储蓄的年龄结构效应分析

内容:本文使用 Park 等(2010)的半参数协整方法,研究了人口年龄结构我国居民消费及储蓄的影响效应.消费、储蓄函数的“U”型及“逆 U”型特征说明我国居民的消费、储蓄行为符合生命周期假说.实证分析表明,我国居民消费、储蓄率与收入之间存在长期稳定关系,消费收入弹性为0.8695,收入储蓄弹性为0.1129,说明居民收入增长是促进居民消费及储蓄率增加的一个重要原因.但同时也表明,居民收入增长幅度缓慢则是抑制储蓄率增长的一个重要因素.     

中国居民预防性储蓄行为的实证分析

针对近年来中国居民储蓄超常增长的现象,本文首先检验了预防性储蓄行为的存在性;然后对影响预防性储蓄的一些因素实证分析;最后讨论了我国解决居民高储蓄问题的政策选择。     

失业风险和预防性储蓄动机——中国城市的实证分析

本文运用来自中国城市家庭的微观数据,对预防性储蓄理论进行实证研究。在已有的预防性储蓄实证研究中,以总量数据为基础的研究居多,运用微观数据的尚不多见。本文在永久收入假说和生命周期理论模型的基础上研究失业风险对家庭流动性资产持有的影响。我们发现,当失业风险增加时,中国城市居民倾向于持有更多的流动性强的资产,即预防性储蓄动机在中国城市确实存在,不过这种预防性动机并不强烈;而过去收入的波动并不能造成居民持有流动性资产的增加。     

我国居民消费需求不足:一个消费函数两因素解释及其对策

我国居民消费需求不足主要表现在居民消费率偏低、居民储蓄增长率快于消费增长率、社会消费品零售总额增长速度持续下降以及居民消费品价格下降等方面。根据凯恩斯的消费函数理论,消费需求取决于居民可支配收入和边际消费倾向。现实中造成居民消费需求不足的原因很多,但最终都可以归结为居民可支配收入水平低、增长慢和居民边际消费倾向偏低。促进居民消费需求增加的主要对策,一方面采取各种政策措施,促进居民收入增加;另一方面通过缩小居民收入差距、转变居民消费观念和模式、增加消费品有效供给、加快社会保障制度建设步伐等途径,提高居民边际消费倾向。     

Public Utility Marketing

No abstract available for this article.     

Dissecting the Random Component of Utility

We illustrate and discuss several general issues associated with the random component of utility, or more generally unobserved variability. We posit a general conceptual framework that suggests a variance components view as an appropriate structure for unobserved variability. This framework suggests that unobserved heterogeneity is only one component of unobserved variability; hence, a more general view is required. We review a considerable amount of empirical research that suggests that random components are unlikely to be independent of systematic components, and random component variances are unlikely to be constant between or within individuals, time periods, locations, etc. We also review evidence that random components are functions of (elements of) systematic components. The latter suggests considerable caution in the use and interpretation of complex choice model specifications, in particular recently introduced forms of random parameter models that purport to estimate distributions of preference parameters. Several areas for future research are identified and discussed.     

Pricing Via Utility Maximization and Entropy

In a financial market model with constraints on the portfolios, define the price for a claim C as the smallest real number p such that sup_π E[U(X_T^{x+p, π}?C)]≥ sup_π E[U(X_T^{x, π})], where U is the negative exponential utility function and X^{x, π} is the wealth associated with portfolio π and initial value x. We give the relations of this price with minimal entropy or fair price in the flavor of Karatzas and Kou (1996) and superreplication. Using dynamical methods, we characterize the price equation, which is a quadratic Backward SDE, and describe the optimal wealth and portfolio. Further use of Backward SDE techniques allows for easy determination of the pricing function properties.     

货币边际效用与需求曲线再认识

基数效用理论通常用边际效用递减来解释需求规律,但存在令人感到困惑的地方,即"货币边际效用不变"假设与边际效用递减规律相矛盾,而后者所支持的"货币边际效用递减"也常被广泛认同,这就影响了基数效用理论的解释力。本文通过分析,解释了这一矛盾,让读者全面认识货币边际效用和需求曲线。     

Challenges and Opportunities in European Utility Markets

This article calls on companies – and governments – in Europe to welcome competition in their markets. Liberalisation of Europe's utility sectors has lagged behind the Single Market generally, to the detriment of consumers and industrial users – except in telecommunications where new technology has forced the pace. The author argues that the potential advantages for incumbents of loss of domestic market dominance are outweighed by the advantages of embracing competition and access to overseas markets: they benefit from the discipline of benchmarking, lessened regulatory pressures and fewer barriers to access to markets abroad. He compares the strategies of Electricité de France and British Telecom to illustrate this.     

效用曲线对避免风险型决策者的应用分析

一般来讲,期望值是决策者进行决策的依据.但是,当决策者根据期望值决策时,往往会与其真实满意度存在一定的偏差,而这种偏差通常会带来一定风险.为此,决策者可运用效用曲线分析方法帮助其决策,通过winQSB可求解出最佳决策方案,有效避免决策不慎带来的巨大风险,使效用值增大.这一理论对于在企业采取横向联合等经济行为进行决策时,提供了决策依据.     

User,Use & Utility Research

Business and Information Systems Engineering (BISE) is at a turning point. Planning, designing, developing and operating IT used to be a management task of a few elites in public ad-ministrations and corporations. But the continuous digitization of nearly all areas of life changes the IT landscape fundamentally. Success in this new era requires putting the human perspective – the digital user – at the very heart of the new digitized service-led economy. BISE faces not just a temporary trend but a complex socio-technical phenomenon with far-reaching implications. The challenges are manifold and have major consequences for all stakeholders, both in information systems and management research as well as in practice. Corporate processes have to be re-designed from the ground up, starting with the user’s perspective, thus putting usage experience and utility of the individual center stage. The digital service economy leads to highly personalized application systems while organizational functions are being fragmented. Entirely new ways of interacting with information systems, in particular beyond desktop IT, are being invented and established. These fundamental challenges require novel approaches with regards to innovation and development methods as well as adequate concepts for enterprise or service system architectures. Gigantic amounts of data are being generated at an accelerating rate by an increasing number of devices – data that need to be managed. In order to tackle these extraordinary challenges we introduce ‘user, use & utility’ as a new field of BISE that focuses primarily on the digital user, his or her usage behavior and the utility associated with system usage in the digitized service-led economy. The research objectives encompass the development of theories, methods and tools for systematic requirement elicitation, systems design, and business development for successful Business and Information Systems Engineering in a digitized economy – information systems that digital users enjoy using. This challenge calls for leveraging insights from various scientific disciplines such as Design, Engineering, Computer Science, Psychology and Sociology. BISE can provide an integrated perspective, thereby assuming a pivotal role within the digitized service led economy.     

国有企业集团的资源整合与利用战略

本文分析了国有企业集团资源利用效率较低的原因 ,通过对集中、分散与共享服务等企业内部资源整合方式和外包与战略联盟等企业外部资源利用方式的比较分析 ,建立了企业资源组织战略选择模型 ;提出了国有企业集团提高资源使用效率的改革建议。     

效用理论在保险决策中的应用

效用函数的凹凸性将风险态度进行了三类划分：风险中性型、风险厌恶型、风险喜好型。本文从效用理论出发研究了不同的风险态度决策人的不同的风险决策结果,讨论了效用理论在保险产品的定价中的应用,并根据不同的风险态度和不同的损失分布函数确定最优投保方式.