在改革中完善省级国有资产营运体制

随着国家和省、市(地)三级国资的设立,我国有庞大的国有资产,将在新的管理和监督模式下营运.据财政部材料,截至2001年底,我国国有资产总量(净值,下同)为109316.4亿元,高于当年国内生产总值.其中,经营性国有资产为73149.3亿元,占66.9%;非经营性国有资产为36167.1亿元,占33.1%.这些国有资产分布在全国各地方各行业,分布在17万多户国有企业中.     

透视国有资产管理体制改革

如何构建高效的国有资产管理体制是国有企业改革过程中的关键环节.改革开放以来,国有资产管理体制也发生了很大的转变.本文通过回顾国有资产管理体制改革的背景与过程,并在综述新型国有资产管理体制基本框架的基础上,深入分析新体制的优势与不足,并提出相应的解决建议,旨在为我国未来的国有资产管理体制改革提供理论借鉴与经验参考.     

中国市场经济转型下提高国有资产管理效率的途径研究

市场经济转型下国有企业在我国发挥着巨大的作用.社会主义市场经济转型下国有资产管理体制仍具有国有资产管理目标尚不明确、分级管理界限模糊,责权利失衡、政企不分等问题.随着国有资产管理体制改革的深化,这些问题都影响着国有资产管理的效率.文章提出国有资产管理必须严格遵循企业发展规律、重点加强管理人员的激励机制、提高国有资产流转效率、构筑和完善自上而下的激励和约束系统、进一步理顺国有资产监管职能等途径提高国有资产管理效率.     

国有资产监督机构的创新研究

解决国有资产监管的关键是所有权和控制权相分离所带来的代理问题。光有监督，就缺乏动力：只有激励、没有约束，国有资产就可能变成随意取用的公共钱包。因此，政府必须建立完整有的激励、监督、约束机制，在责权利统一的基础上，实现公司控制权的合理配置，在所有与经营之间形成相互制衡的机制，对经营的激励与监督机制，以最大限度地提高公司的运营效率。国有资产应如何监管？重点应该在实行产权制度改革，抓好外部监督和内部监督的结合等方面。     

用市场方式盘活国有资产——优化党政机关行政单位资产配置的对策性思考

为了加强河北省党政机关行政单位国有资产的管理．规范行政单位国有资产管理行为，优化政府资源配置，我们在深入分析河北省省直党政机关行政单位国有资产结构和存在问题的基础上．借鉴外省市的成功经验．试图通过建立资产经营公司．实现市场运营方式，加强河北省行政单位国有资产管理。     

以区块链应用推动国有资产监管信息系统建立

建立国有资产管理情况报告制度,由政府向人大报告全口径国有资产管理情况,能促进人大国有资产监督职能充分发挥及国有资产管理水平大幅提高。随着国有资产管理情况报告制度全面实施,要求建立配套的国有资产监管信息系统,实现全口径国有资产信息的真实完整记录和实时互联互通。区块链应用在信息记录及处理上的优势为建立国有资产监管信息系统创造了包括确保信息真实完整、打破各地区各部门"信息孤岛"、促进信息管理智能化等若干有利条件。通过应用区块链解决国有资产数据口径的自动化转换、国有资产价值变化与产权变动的实时监控等难点问题,能推动国有资产监管信息系统加快建设及国有资产管理情况报告制度不断完善。     

加强县级行政单位国有资产管理的几点建议

县级行政单位国有资产是国有资产的重要组成部分,是行政单位履行职能的物质基础,也是我国政府现阶段构建和谐社会的重要资产,其使用效率直接关系着我国基层政府的工作效率以及政府形象。因此,必须切实做好县级行政单位国有资产管理工作,确保县级行政单位更好地服务"三农"工作,促进县域经济的发展壮大。     

财务总监制度探析

财务总监制度自出现以来,在一些国有企业特别是大中型集团化经营企业中已逐步实行.引起了社会较大的关注,同时,也取得了良好的效果,它在保证国有资产保值增值,防止国有资产流失等方面,起着重要的作用.     

国有资产管理的“双轨制”

国有资产应如何管理？笔者认为应该搞“双轨制”。也就是说，对属性和功能不同的国有资产，分别采用两种不同的管理制度：一种是实行计划管理制度，以法律作后盾，主要采用行政手段来进行管理；一种是采用市场经济制度，作为生产要素来进行管理。前者是一个管理问题，后者实质上是一个经营的问题。国有资产管理的主体是国家，管理的客体是国有资产，国家拥有对该类资产的占有、使用、收益、处分的全部权能。至于谁来代表国家，可以是各级政府或政府授权的某个职能部门。国有资产经营是指作为生产要素的那一部分资产，国家以所有者的身份，将…     

国有资产中介性经营组织刍议

国有资产中介性经营组织是兼有国有资产所有者代表和国有资产经营者双重身份的国有资产产权运营主体,是以产权关系为纽带,联结政府与企业的中介性资产经营管理机构。正确认识这类组织的地位与职能,并积极探索与发展其运作模式,是搞好国有资产运营管理的重要基础。一、...     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.