消费者对移动增值服务的感知风险外向因素及其中的调节效应研究

对消费者感知风险的相关研究大多集中在其对消费者行为的影响上。本文创新之处在于,从感知风险来源的视角对移动增值服务环境下消费者感知风险进行了研究,证实了消费者对移动增值服务感知风险的前因变量和消费者个性特征对风险关系的调节效应。基于委托代理理论,提出了移动增值服务环境下的感知风险关系模型,然后采用结构方程模型和多元回归的方法对假设进行了检验。结果表明,移动增值服务环境下,消费者感知信息不对称对感知风险影响最大,消费者感知技术不确定和移动增值服务的无形性对感知风险也有积极的影响,消费者风险偏好和移动商务知识对风险关系具有显著调节效应。     

网上消费者的感知风险及其来源分析

本文回顾了感知风险理论的演变与发展,分析了我国网上消费者的感知风险及其来源．揭示了消费者在网络环境与实体购物环境中有着不同的风险感知。本文认为,网上感知风险主要与互联网、网上交易、网络零售商和物流配送服务有关。     

感知风险构面、产品价差与顾客网上购买意愿

顾客感知风险各构面对于网络购买意愿的影响程度不同,其中感知财务风险、产品风险和服务风险对顾客购买意愿影响较为显著。笔者把通过互联网络和实体店购买同一产品的价差作为调节变量,分析了在不同的产品价差水平下顾客的感知风险各构面对购买意愿影响程度的变化,通过方差分析得出了较高的产品价差会弱化顾客感知财务风险、心理风险与购买意愿的关系,会强化顾客感知产品风险、服务风险与顾客购买意愿的关系。     

现代服务业顾客参与服务创新机制研究——基于感知利益与感知风险权衡视角

本文以具有高利益与高风险特征的现代服务业为研究背景,基于感知利益与感知风险权衡视角探讨了不同类型顾客的顾客参与服务创新机制.首先,探讨了感知利益与感知风险对于顾客参与服务创新的影响作用,顾客参与服务创新对于创新绩效的影响作用,以及感知关系质量对于顾客参与服务创新及创新绩效影响关系的调节作用,并据此构建出“现代服务业顾客参与服务创新机制模型”.其次,基于感知利益与感知风险权衡视角对现代服务业顾客进行了识别,分别探讨了各类型顾客的顾客参与服务创新机制.本文弥补了以往顾客参与理论忽视服务创新背景下的顾客参与及不同类型顾客参与服务创新机制研究的缺陷,以期为打开顾客参与服务创新内在机制的黑箱提供有效指导与借鉴.     

基于“三力模型”的银行业顾客感知价值

本文在介绍了感知价值内涵、价值感知的基础上,探索地提出了银行业顾客价值感知的＂三力模型＂——感知收益、感知风险、感知成本,并从银行业顾客服务感知收益、感知风险、感知成本三个方面进行剖析,进一步探讨了三者如何对银行顾客感知价值产生影响,并为银行提高顾客服务感知价值提出了相应的建议。     

创业融资决策过程中的感知风险分析——展望理论在创业融资决策领域的应用

展望理论是描述风险决策的重要理论。创业融资决策是一种风险决策行为,感知风险是其主要的决策依据。因此,尝试运用展望理论分析创业融资决策过程中的感知风险。首先,划分了创业融资决策过程中的感知风险维度,然后根据展望理论构建了单一维度的感知风险函数,最后确定了融资决策过程中的总体感知风险价值函数,并进行了分析。     

移动社交商务下用户的隐私悖论

基于TAM理论和隐私计算理论,分析了移动社交商务中的隐私悖论现象,隐私关注对移动社交商务用户使用意向的影响,以及隐私悖论中存在的多重中介效应。研究结果表明:男性较为关注移动社交商务的感知有用性和感知易用性,而女性则非常在意移动社交商务的风险和收益;隐私关注、感知有用性、感知易用性、感知风险和感知收益均对使用意向有显著正向影响;感知有用性、感知易用性和感知收益在隐私关注与使用意向间起部分中介作用,而感知风险的部分中介作用得到部分支持。     

科技型小企业与服务中介机构组织互动影响因素的实证研究

基于社会资本理论、交易成本经济学和组织间关系记忆理论,从组织内、组织间和情境等层面,构建了科技型小企业与服务中介机构间互动的影响因素模型,并提出相关假设。利用调研数据,采用结构方程模型检验理论假设。结果显示:企业家关系风险感知、企业家创新导向、关系专用性资产、竞争环境和产品模块化对两者的互动具有显著的正向影响;企业家创新导向和竞争环境对关系专用性资产有显著的正向影响。     

基于TPB理论修正的农民工返乡创业意愿影响因子研究——以江西省262名农民工微观数据为例

基于TPB理论修正和江西省17个县262名返乡创业农民工有效样本数据,利用因子分析和结构方程模型,从主观规范、创业态度、风险感知和感知行为控制四个潜变量来探讨返乡农民工创业意愿影响路径。中国农民工创业正处于生存型创业和机会型创业并立状态,并有逐步向机会型创业过渡的趋势;风险感知和家庭成员意见均对农民工创业意愿形成产生影响。     

基于服务能力和关系资本的服务商选择研究——决策者个体视角

根据认知行为理论,从我国服务商选择的实际情况出发,构建了服务商选择影响机制概念模型,并利用问卷调查数据对概念模型和研究假设进行实证检验。结果显示,客户在选择服务商时通过对服务商提供服务感知来形成自己的选择意图,这种感知包括承诺感知和移情感知,客户感知承诺越强,其对服务商的选择意图越强;客户感知移情越强,其对服务商的选择意图越强;服务商的服务能力和关系资本明显地影响着客户对服务的感知。     

服务价值认知及相关因素的关联性:中外资银行客户的比较实证分析

本文以调查问卷和命题论证的方式 ,遴选出中国境内外资银行客户和中资银行客户两个样本 ,运用线性回归分析和结构模型等计量手段 ,论证服务质量认知、风险付出和企业形象等因素与服务价值之间的关联关系 ,分析服务质量认知的五个维度与服务价值的关联关系 ,测试企业形象在风险付出与服务价值间的中介角色 ,并验证中、外资银行客户对核心服务和风险付出的认知机制是否一致。通过比较研究发现 ,服务质量认知无论在总样本中还是在中、外资银行客户的分样本中都与服务价值正相关而且是影响价值认知最关键的因素 ;风险付出以企业形象为中介反向影响价值认知 ;在服务质量五个认知层面中 ,人员因素和系统因素成为服务价值认知的核心 ;中、外资银行客户对核心服务的认知机制没有显著的区别 ,而对风险的看法则不同。分析结果同时引申出中资银行如何在金融市场化过程中进一步提升服务价值的建议。     

PERCEIVED ARSENIC‐RELATED MORTALITY RISKS FOR SMOKERS AND NON‐SMOKERS

Prolonged ingestion of arsenic in drinking water can increase the risks of dying of lung and bladder cancer, particularly for smokers. In a survey of arsenic hotspots in the United States, we elicited individuals' subjective mortality risks related to the presence of arsenic in drinking water. Using this data, we address whether smokers perceive mortality risks from this source differently from non‐smokers. We find that those who have smoked at some point in their life have significantly higher perceived arsenic mortality risks than those who have never smoked, on average. We also find that the sample group of current smokers has higher average perceived arsenic mortality risks than those who have quit smoking. We model the decision to treat water for arsenic and find some evidence that current smokers are less likely to engage in this mitigating behavior than are ex‐smokers or non‐smokers even though their perceived risk is higher. We infer that smokers are either less risk averse or have a higher rate of time preference than non‐smokers and ex‐smokers. (JEL I0, D81, Q53)     

AIDing contraception: HIV and recent trends in abortion

Using a difference-in-differences estimation framework and state-level data, we investigate the potential role of HIV/AIDS in contributing to declining abortion utilization in the United States. Our results suggest that the perceived risk of HIV contraction negatively affected unwanted pregnancies. Specifically, a 10% increase in HIV incidence is associated with 0.34–1.1% fewer abortions per live births, an effect that can account for at least one-tenth of the sharp decline in abortions observed from the early 1980s to mid-1990s.     

How do epidemics induce behavioral changes?

This paper develops a theory of optimal fertility behavior under mortality shocks. In an OLG model, young adults determine their optimal fertility, labor supply and life-cycle consumption with both exogenous child and adult mortality risks. We show that a rise in adult mortality exerts an ambiguous effect on both net and total fertility in a general equilibrium framework, while child mortality shocks unambiguously lead to a rise in total fertility, leaving net fertility unchanged. We complement our theory with an empirical analysis using a sample of 39 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the 1980–2004 period, examining the overall effects of the child and adult mortality channels on both total and net fertility. We find child mortality to exert a robust, positive impact on total fertility but no impact on net fertility, whereas a rise in adult mortality is found to negatively influence both total and net fertility. Given the particular demographic profile of the HIV/AIDS epidemic (killing essentially young, active adults), we then conclude in favor of an unambiguous negative effect of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on net fertility in SSA.     

Livestock as Insurance and Social Status: Evidence from Reindeer Herding in Norway

The theory of livestock as a buffer stock predicts that agropastoralists facing substantial risks will typically use liquid assets such as livestock for self-insurance to smooth consumption. This paper examines this hypothesis for reindeer herders in Norway where the herders, in contrast to pastoralists in, say, sub-Saharan Africa, face well-functioning credit markets. Using survey data including slaughter responses to a hypothetical meat price increase, we test whether keeping reindeer as insurance against risks affects the slaughter response. Furthermore, we examine whether status motives for keeping large herds affect the harvest response to a changing slaughter price. As a background to the empirical analysis, a stochastic bioeconomic model describing Saami reindeer herding is formulated.     

The effects of mega-events on perceived corruption

In recent decades, the media have covered many cases of corruption related to the celebration of mega-events around the globe. In most of these cases, politicians and other high officials are involved. This paper analyses the effect of hosting mega-events on the level of perceived corruption in 34 OECD countries, during 1996–2017. Summer and Winter Olympic Games, FIFA World Cups, and Universal Expositions are considered. Results show that, when we take the year of the celebration of the event as the turning point, there is no robust evidence in favour of a positive impact on perceived corruption. However, when we take the election date of the host country as the threshold, the magnitude of the effect is lasting, reaching its maximum value 1–2 years before the celebration itself, and increasing the perceived level of corruption by about 4%.     

企业防范核事故风险的法律责任分析——以日本“福岛核事故”为视角

核能的开发利用在给人类带来巨大利益的同时也伴随着各种潜在的风险。对于核能产生的各种风险，政府、企业、国际组织和公众都有防范的责任。从福岛核事故的发生和发展情况来看，核企业在预防和应对核能风险方面负有不可推卸的责任。对企业防范核事故风险责任的适用原则和构成进行规范是我们尽量避免和减少核事故风险发生的有效手段。     

The urban–rural divide

A vast literature has related perceptions of income inequality to individuals' income: the higher the level of income, the less inequality is perceived. Here, examining the perceptions of income and social inequality, we argue that rural or urban residence affects both inequality perceptions and the impact of income on these perceptions. We test the theory using survey data from 12 Central and Eastern European countries and we find that income negatively affects inequality perceptions but only in urban areas. These findings confirm the importance of accounting for urbanity to understand what drives individuals' perceptions of inequality.     

Investment behavior and the biased perception of limited loss deduction in income taxation

We use a laboratory experiment to study the extent to which investors’ choices are affected by limited loss deduction in income taxation. We first compare investment behavior in the no tax baseline to a tax control setting, in which the income from investments is taxed. We find that investors significantly reduce their risk-taking as predicted by theory. Next we compare the baseline investment choices to choices under three different types of income taxation. We observe that risk-taking is significantly increased with partial and with capped loss deduction, but is unaffected by a tax system that allows no loss deduction. Since in all these treatments the after tax outcomes of the prospects were identical, we conjecture that investors have a positively biased perception of partial and capped loss deduction that promotes their willingness to take risks.