外部性理论在森林环境资源定价中的应用

本外部性理论是解释经济活动与森林生态环境问题的基础理论。本文利用外部性理论对森林环境外部性的计量分析进行初步的演绎和推算，推出公式为森林环境资源价格=森林资源产品原木的国际价格-边际生产成本-边际使用成本。     

Poverty and resource dependence in rural India

Previous studies of rural households in developing countries have tended to find that the dependence of these households on common-pool resources declines with income. Our study of households in Jhabua, India, finds a more complex relationship. Using the share of resource income in total long-run or “permanent” income as our dependence measure—which we argue is more appropriate than the short-run income-based measure commonly used in the literature—we find that for households that collect any resources at all, dependence exhibits a U-shaped relationship with income. That is, the poorest and richest households depend more on resources than households with intermediate incomes. The poorest and richest households are also found to be least likely to collect, however, indicating that resource use at the income extremes is bimodal—either zero or above average. Moreover, the observed trends for resources as a whole are not mirrored in those for individual resources. Dependence on fuelwood and dung declines with income, for example, while dependence on fodder and construction wood increases. These findings suggest that common-pool resources are a productive source of income not just for the poor but also for the rich, and that improvements in the stocks of these resources can potentially form the basis of poverty reduction efforts in these economies.     

中国东部沿海经济发达地区土地资源空间优化配置研究——以浙江省为例

以浙江省为例,研究了我国东部沿海经济发达地区土地资源空间优化配置问题。研究结果表明：温州-台州-宁波-杭州-嘉兴等沿海城市的建设用地利用具有明显的比较优势;而西部和北部地区的农地利用具有比较优势;浙江省在目前区域土地利用配置上并没有完全发挥其比较优势。按照比较优势原理分配建设占用耕地指标、补充耕地指标和基本农田保护指标,是协调浙江省经济发展与耕地保护矛盾的有效途径。