特大城市出租车合理数量估计及实现路径——以北京市为例

打车难、黑车泛滥等问题一直困扰着国内一些特大城市。政府认为目前出租车数量处于合理区间,而乘客却反映打车难;许多学者也认为城市出租车存在供给缺口,这导致黑车泛滥。为了解决出租车行业困境、制定有效的产业政策,需要对出租车数量进行合理估计。本文利用布鲁斯·夏勒（Bruce Schaller）需求估计模型,基于北京市数据对出租车合理数量进行估计,揭示了北京市出租车行业供给缺口并评估了出租车数量增加对现有行业体制的冲击,最后提出相应的政策建议。     

Patent statistics: deciphering a ‘real’ versus a ‘pseudo’ proxy of innovation

Patent statistics have fascinated economists concerned about innovation for a long time. However, fundamental questions remain as to whether or not patent statistics represent the real state of innovation. As Griliches pointed out, substantial questions involve: What aspects of economic activities do patent statistics actually capture? And, what would we like them to measure? He pointed out that these statistics can be a mirage appearing to provide a great number of objective and reliable proxies for innovation.This paper aims to address some of these questions by making a comparative evaluation of the representability of patent statistics in four levels of the innovation process, using as examples research and development (R&D) in Japan's printer and photovoltaic solar cell (PV) industries over the last two decades. Furthermore, this research provides a new set of patent statistics which could be considered a more reliable proxy for innovation.     

The development of a destructive sampling method designed for high quality production processes (DSM-HQ)

Customers are requiring producers to conduct destructive testing using traditional sampling techniques as monitoring tools. These techniques are not well suited for situations where the quality is high and tests are destructive since a high number of units need to be tested (and in turn destroyed) in order to guarantee good quality. Furthermore, traditional sampling methods are not specifically designed to monitor a high-quality production process where destructive tests are required and therefore make costly and inefficient monitoring tools. A sampling method is developed to monitor quality in high-quality processes where destructive testing is required. This method is based on a cost function, which balances the costs of sampling versus the costs of finding a defect on the field. It assumes a Poisson process defect pattern and uses an empirical Bayes updating scheme.     

A multi-criteria decision making method for sustainable development of Naples port city-area

Quality & Quantity - The port of Naples is a city’s important economic resource, and represents a great opportunity for the development of tourism and improvement of businesses. We...     

Storytelling as a vehicle for self‐awareness: Establishing a foundation for intercultural competency development

Intercultural competence and the ability to work with diverse populations are critical for successful experiences abroad. Immersion has been identified as a strong preparatory and developmental opportunity for learners engaging in these experiences. However the increasing cost of higher education and the depletion of federal support for these programs have forced educators to employ innovative means to prepare students for international experiences. The authors address this charge via theoretical perspectives suggesting the inclusion of storytelling and narrative as a means of developing self‐awareness and a pathway towards intercultural competence. This perspective provides the foundation for global competency development in non‐immersive contexts with respect to the underlying financial limitations in the current higher education landscape. The authors provide an educational framework that has the potential for a renewed emphasis on self‐development and ultimately, the creation of more globally conscious study abroad learners.     

Deducing a state-of-the-art presentation of the Eclectic Paradigm from four decades of development: a systematic literature review

Management Review Quarterly - For over four decades the Eclectic Paradigm has experienced a myriad of interdisciplinary advancements and evolved into an ever-broader and complex accumulation of...     

Pursuing your leader development: Lessons from 101 executives

To lead effectively in a VUCA (i.e., volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous) environment, leaders must quickly and continuously acquire new skills. However, formal development opportunities aren’t nearly enough to support the ongoing skill development leaders need to manage the level of complexity and change they are facing. Instead, leaders must take ownership of their own development. In this paper, we describe a straightforward, four-step process that leaders can implement to pursue their individualized development through leader development planning. Specifically, we walk leaders through the evidence-based steps of creating their unique leader development plan (LDP), including (1) identifying their leadership strengths and weaknesses, (2) setting effective leader development goals, (3) designing SMART strategies, and (4) reflecting, refining, and realigning their plan. Throughout the article, we detail positive examples as well as common pitfalls that we observed from our work supporting 101 mid- to senior-level leaders in designing their LDPs. Our purpose in doing so is to provide tools and examples to enable leaders at all levels to drive their development at their own pace.     

Knowledge as a public good: efficient sharing and incentives for development effort

We consider Research-Development joint ventures where adverse selection arises in knowledge sharing, while there is moral hazard involved in the choice of private development efforts aimed at translating privately acquired and/or shared knowledge into valuable marketable innovations. We extend earlier work by Bhattacharya et al. [Bhattacharya, S., Glazer, J., Sappington, D., 1992. Licensing and the Sharing of Knowledge in Research Joint Ventures, J. Econ. Theory, Vol. 56, pp. 43–69.] to situations where one cannot identify a ‘most knowledgeable' partner, by giving conditions under which there exist transfers implementing both efficient first best knowledge sharing and subsequent development efforts.     

Changing the paradigm for telemedicine development and evaluation: a prospective model-based approach

Telemedicine is an application of information technology that provides the means to deliver healthcare services at a distance. Interest in telemedicine by the healthcare community has been highly variable since its beginnings in the early 1960s, in part due to the failure to quantitatively demonstrate its cost-effectiveness in delivering healthcare services. Although once again on the upswing, we argue that telemedicine will not fulfill its advertised promises unless the community adopts a new paradigm for its development and evaluation. The paper thus summarizes the prevailing approach—technology driven, retrospective evaluation, little planning—and describes a new one which is based on capability requirements and the use of models for prospective analysis and planning. A new program to develop structural models of the healthcare delivery system for this purpose is presented, including the program's modeling criteria, major components and processes of the healthcare system being considered, the development strategy being pursued, and the structure of specific models being developed.     

从历史经验出发研究北京城市发展中的规律性问题

分析了城市发展的一般规律和北京城市发展的特殊性.认为应重点从城市发展的主要历史经验中研究那些规律性的问题,从而进一步认识和把握城市发展的一般规律和北京城市发展的特殊规律,用以指导北京今后的城市发展.     

The heterogeneous impact of taxation on economic development: New insights from a panel cointegration approach

In this paper, we study the role of taxation on long-run income performance. In the theoretical part of the study, we develop a stylized model based on Barro (1990), in which income taxation has two contradictory roles in the standard Solow (1956) setup: on the one hand, taxation appropriates resources that would otherwise be used for physical capital accumulation, and on the other, it is the source of government spending, which is used to support private production. In the empirical part of the study, the impact of consumption tax, personal income tax, corporate profit tax and property tax on income is estimated using the common correlated effects (CCE) panel cointegration approach, which allows for cross-sectional dependencies and provides both panel- and country-specific results. The panel findings for 30 OECD countries for the period of 1995–2016 indicate that only consumption tax has a statistically significant negative effect on long-run income. However, because the type and sign of the tax coefficients are heterogeneous for the country-specific results, we conclude that taxation has heterogeneous effects on income.     

A method to obtain new copulas from a given one

Given a strictly increasing continuous function φ from [0, 1] to [0, 1] and its pseudo-inverse φ^[−1], conditions that φ must satisfy for C_φ(x₁, . . . ,x_n)=φ^[−1](C(φ(x₁), . . . ,φ(x_n))) to be a copula for any copula C are studied. Some basic properties of the copulas obtained in this way are analyzed and several examples of generator functions φ that can be used to construct copulas C_φ are presented. In this manner, a method to obtain from a given copula C a variety of new copulas is provided. This method generalizes that used to construct Archimedean copulas in which the original copula C is the product copula, and it is related with mixtures     

Restructuring materiel management functions: a method for prioritizing changes and reducing costs

The success of any manager depends highly on the ability to seize on opportunities that will achieve the organization's goals. Hospitals are currently searching for ways to reduce costs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of services. Quality services are increasingly being defined as those that are most responsive to customer needs. It is important, as hospital management restructures materiel systems or methods of operation for reduced costs, to focus on the user departments as the customers. The consolidation of materiel management activity should not be seen as a loss of control at the user department level. Instead it can be seen as a new way of providing service with higher quality. User departments should see concrete benefits on a weekly basis, including reduced time spent on materiel management functions; increased planning of purchasing, inventory, and distribution functions; and assistance in meeting restricted supply budgets.     

Outsourcing and strategic alliances for product development: a case of Banta Digital Group

Banta Digital Group (BDG) is a pre media company needing to fill a void in the market it serves. This need could be met by an application that consisted of software and database development. A problem arose due to two conditions. First, the company was late getting to the market with this product. Second, the company did not have dedicated resources to work on this project. BDG needed to adopt a solution that comprised of outsourcing and strategic alliances to fill this market need. The study reports how the company selected and managed strategic alliances through the creation of a virtual team. It also reviews details of the new business operating system instituted to foster an environment for further product and process innovation. Finally, the proposed approach used in this unique type of product development is described, which is also applicable in many business situations.     

Towards developing a methodology for doing qualitative research: The dynamic-comparative case study method

This discussion integrates key concepts from case research methodology, theory development, the configurational approach to organizations, and actual research experience, in order to suggest a “systematic process” for doing qualitative research, described as the Dynamic-Comparative Case Study Method (D-CCSM). It is believed that D-CCSM is especially appropriate for researchers who: (1) are interested in studying new topical areas in organizations; (2) want to develop testable, midrange, theory from the processual analysis of case studies; (3) would like to replicate their studies in multiple research settings; and (4) have limited research resources. Insights and suggestions for using the D-CCSM approach are also included.     

关于开发区协调发展的问题——以南京市为例

改革开放以来,开发区现象在中国迅速蔓延。目前,一个城市拥有多个开发区,一个开发区设立多个园区进而形成城市开发区群,成为开发区发展的新格局。城市开发区群的形成与发展一方面获得了良好的集聚经济和规模经济效益,另一方面也加剧了开发区之间的恶性竞争,造成了不同开发区功能定位重合、产业同构严重、土地利用低效、空间发展失序、生态环境恶化等问题。以南京城市开发区群为例,分析城市开发区群的发展历程和存在的问题,提出了城市开发区群协调发展的对策。