基于能值分析的宁夏生态经济系统可持续发展评价

为了定量分析宁夏生态经济系统的发展水平及其可持续发展状况,运用能值理论对2010—2015年宁夏生态经济状况进行分析。结果显示:2010—2015年间宁夏生态经济系统总能值使用量由148.75×1021 sej增加至208.67×1021 sej,在总能值使用量中93%以上为不可更新资源能值,说明宁夏生态经济的快速发展取决于对本地不可更新资源的开发和利用;宁夏生态经济系统的能值自给率高达97%以上,而其外部输入能值却严重不足,对本地不可更新资源的开发和利用虽使经济得到发展,但长此以往必将导致不可持续的发展;宁夏生态经济系统的环境负荷率较高,经济发展对生态环境的压力较大。     

旅游生态系统能值分析研究——以峨眉山风景区为例

以峨眉山风景区旅游生态系统为对象,运用能值理论和分析方法对其进行研究,构建了旅游生态系统能值分析模型和指标体系。并对系统内自然、社区、经济三个亚系统进行分析,评价峨眉山旅游生态系统系统可持续发展能力。研究表明:(1)2017年峨眉山风景区旅游生态系统能值总量为6.60×10~(20) sej,其中可更新资源投入为6.68×10~(19) sej,社区居民生活投入为3.16×10~(19) sej,投入为4.95×10~(20) sej,旅游投入占能值总使用量的75.00%。(2)峨眉山旅游生态系统能值可持续发展指数较低,系统资源负载率较高,为消费性经济,对系统外部资源投入需求较高,较为依赖外界大量的不可更新资源投入。峨眉山风景区旅游生态系统整体可持续发展能力处于中等水平。     

徐州市生态经济系统的能值分析

本文应用能值理论．对徐州地区生态经济系统进行了分析．主要涉及能值投入率、能值使用强度（能值密度）、人均能值使用量、人口承载力、电力能值使用量比、能值一货币比、环境负荷率、净能值产出率、可持续发展指数等9个指标及其发展趋势，并与其他国家和地区的有关指标进行了比较研究。结论表明，徐州市是资源输出型的生态经济区域，经济发展仍处于欠发达阶段．还有较大的经济发展潜力。     

霍林河流域下游生态经济系统能值计算与可持续发展能力评价

文章运用能值分析法对霍林河下游生态经济系统的能值投入产出、净能值产出率与投入率、人均能值用量和环境承载率进行了计算;以净能值产出率与环境承载率的比值作为能值可持续性发展指数(ESI),在建立能值可持续性分级基准的基础上,定量研究了生态经济系统的可持续发展能力.结果表明,研究区生态经济系统的能值总投入为9.15×1021sej,以不可更新的工业辅助能值为主,总产出为10.61×1021sej,以种植业和畜牧业为主.全区平均ESI为0.17处于不可持续范畴,针对该区实际情况和能值分析结果,提出调整能值投入结构、提高农业生态环境承载力等使生态经济系统可持续发展的对策.     

青海生态经济系统的能值分析与可持续发展对策

通过近20年生态经济系统各能值指标的分析研究表明:青海省环境负荷率低、废弃物占总能值使用量的比也较低,人口承载力目前略高于下限,远远低于上限,说明经济发展引起的环境污染相对较低,人口压力相对较小,人类活动引起的生态环境演变处在可以接受的范围内;青海省净能值产出率、能值投入率、能值使用强度、能值/货币比率等指标的变化趋势表明:工业化和信息化水平低,经济开发强度和发展水平低,且系统运行主要依赖本地资源,是一个资源输出型的省份;很高的可持续发展指数,表明经济不发达,开发程度很低,但同时也说明青海省是一个有较大开发潜力的地区。并从能值分析的角度提出实施可持续发展的对策。     

张掖市绿洲现代农业发展的思路与对策

在生态文明时代背景下,将张掖市绿洲现代农业发展同黑河流域生态建设相结合,在生态建设中发展农业,在农业发展中推进生态建设,使农业发展与生态建设相互耦合,以实现张掖市绿洲现代农业发展。文章从"山地——绿洲——荒漠系统"(CODS)结构出发,分析了张掖市绿洲现代农业发展的自然、经济、社会条件,提出张掖市绿洲现代农业发展的思路和对策。     

基于能值的中国海洋生态经济系统发展效率

文章运用能值理论和数据包络分析方法及Tobit模型系统地研究了2004—2013年中国海洋生态经济系统发展效率。结果表明:(1)可更新资源能值和经济产出能值的数量级远大于不可更新资源能值、废弃物能值、生态服务能值,可更新资源和经济产出是海洋生态经济系统的核心,海洋生态经济系统运行状态逐步趋好。(2)2004—2013年中国海洋生态经济系统能值总投入由1.84E+24sej增至2.25E+24sej,能值总产出由1.52E+24sej增至5.55E+24sej,投入产出差距呈扩大趋势。(3)2004—2013年中国海洋生态经济系统处于低效率的运转状态,但中国海洋生态经济系统发展效率整体呈上升趋势,区域间海洋生态经济系统发展效率变化呈现出两极分化特征。(4)从空间格局上看,天津、广东、海南的海洋生态经济系统综合效率低于其他地区,海洋生态经济系统技术效率以上海为界,北方地区整体海洋生态经济系统技术效率高于南方地区,海洋生态经济系统规模效率呈高低相间的分布格局。(5)从纯技术变化、纯效率变化、规模效率变化和规模技术变化对海洋生态经济系统发展效率影响上看,纯技术变化纯效率变化规模技术效率变化规模效率变化,技术进步是推动海洋生态经济系统发展效率提高的主导因素,中国海洋经济可持续发展必须注重科技资源的投入。     

石佛寺人工湿地生态系统能值分析与发展评价

为评估石佛寺人工湿地生态系统的能量流动状况及其经济价值,应用H.T.Odum创立的生态经济系统能值分析理论,定量分析石佛寺人工湿地生态系统结构和功能的整体特征,结果表明:石佛寺人工湿地可再生能源(包括阳光、风及雨水)以及生态服务在整个生态系统中占的比重较大,太阳能值分别为1.28×1020 sej、2.27×1019sej,货币价值分别为5.2×108美元、9.32×107美元。能值分析结果表明,应把生态服务效应的保护与利用放在首位,为保护经济和生态环境的可持续发展而努力,同时也应保护石佛寺人工湿地生态系统平衡,使之更好地向可持续方向发展。     

基于能值分析的资源型区域生态经济系统研究

基于能值分析理论,对2007—2016年延安、榆林、庆阳、金昌和克拉玛依等西北资源型区域的生态经济系统发展状况进行了动态分析。结果显示:2007—2016年各资源型区域总能值使用量大幅度上升,榆林、庆阳和金昌主要依赖本地不可更新资源发展;各资源型区域能值投入率远低于世界平均水平,整体系统开放性较差,金昌的废物能值比和环境负荷率最高,环保压力较大;各资源型区域系统稳定度指数和可持续发展指数下降,生态经济系统面临不可持续的压力。因此,应在改善生态环境的基础上优化产业结构,提高系统开放性和稳定性,使系统向可持续性方向发展。     

张掖市绿洲现代农业可持续发展的思路与对策

文章以张掖绿洲资源条件为基础,分析张掖市农业发展的有利条件和存在的问题,从"山地——绿洲——荒漠系统"(CODS)结构出发,以持续农业理论为指导,提出了张掖市绿洲现代农业可持续发展的途径及对策。     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。