Harmonization of Accounting Standards Facing with Global Economy

Over the past two decades, the business environment has become increasingly competitive. Prior to the 1980s, lots of companies faced a protected competitive environment. But during the 1980s, this environment has been changed. Because of globalization, companies began to encounter competition from overseas competitors who could provide high-quality products at low prices. So companies have to compete not only against domestic competitors but also against Other good companies in the world in order to success. Facing with these new economics, we need to harmonize international accounting standards. In this paper, the author focuses on the importance of harmonization and international accounting standards, and points out current debates on international accounting standards. From it we can examine whether we need international accounting standards （IASs） and how to harmonize it.     

会计准则对企业的财务影响

2006年2月18日,财政部正式发布《企业会计准则第1号—存货》等38项具体准则,要求从2007年1月1日起在上市公司范围内施行,并鼓励其他企业执行。企业会计准则体系的发布和实施,使中国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则之间实现了实质性趋同。本文对《企业会计准则》的重点加以分类,并就其特点和产生的影响进行了分析。     

Environmental Duties and International Harmonization of Standards

Demands by domestic industries for protection from foreign competition aided by lower standards have led to proposals to set trade barriers conditional on the environmental policies of other countries. This article shows that the threat of such environmental duties can assist in achieving global efficiency when countries cannot commit to a negotiated environmental standard. In addition, this article shows that, in a repeated game framework, the enforcement of a free-trade agreement may require some convergence in environmental standards across countries when trade is driven by differences in such standards. However, it is also shown that it is more efficient to enforce a trade agreement by setting tariffs to partially offset differences in policy standards than to attempt to harmonize standards within environmental side agreements.     

金融危机下国家利益与国际协调的博弈

世界各国为应对金融危机的蔓延和深化,加大了经济、金融领域国际协调的力度,拓宽了协调的范围.然而,各国在货币政策的协调上存在巨大分歧,应对金融危机的协调与人们的期望值相差甚远,如何处理好国际协调与国家利益的关系,把握货币政策的导向和推动国际金融体系改革,依然是世界各国面临的问题.     

新会计准则,警惕误判

研究表明,投资性房地产不仅在2007年不会带来巨额账面利润,2008年同样如此……[编者按]     

Example‐Based Reasoning and Fact‐Weighting Guidance in Accounting Standards

The provision of examples as implementation guidance is pervasive in accounting standards. Prior research has established that preparers engage in “example‐based reasoning,” a tendency to favor the accounting treatment in an example, even when the example does not exactly match the transaction at hand. In this paper, we investigate whether fact‐weighting guidance counteracts this tendency. Such guidance, now found in some accounting standards, indicates whether particular transaction facts are more important than others in determining the appropriate accounting treatment. Using an experiment, we find that fact‐weighting guidance does reduce preparers' tendency to favor the accounting treatment in an example. However, results also suggest that some degree of example‐based reasoning persists even with fact‐weighting guidance, and that preparers are not fully aware of how fact‐weighting guidance affects their judgments. Our findings have practical implications. They suggest to standard setters a potential remedy—namely, fact‐weighting guidance—for the misuse of accounting examples. They also provide insights to accounting preparers regarding how fact‐weighting guidance influences their judgments in ways they may not anticipate.     

The Role of Similar Accounting Standards in Cross‐Border Mergers and Acquisitions

This study investigates whether differences in accounting standards across countries create information costs that inhibit firms from investing in foreign markets. Using the frequency and dollar magnitude of cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) from 32 countries over the period 1998–2004, we find that the aggregate volume of M&A activity across country pairs is larger for pairs of countries with similar Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), and that this increased volume of M&A activity is driven by target countries that also have strong enforcement. We also find that the 2005 mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) attracted more cross‐border M&As among IFRS‐adopting countries, and that this increase in M&A activity within the IFRS countries is more pronounced for country pairs with low similarity in GAAP in the pre‐IFRS adoption period. Overall, our results highlight the role of accounting standards and enforcement in shaping cross‐border M&A activity.     

地产公司对新会计准则的N种解读

财政部新颁布的《企业会计准则》和《中国注册审计师执业准则》标志着国内会计准则与国际趋同，新准则从2007年1月1日起首先在上市公司中开始执行。正值上市公司公布2007年年报之际，《新财经》从本期开始，对首次执行新会计准则的上市公司年报进行解读。     

美国会计准则超载问题:思考与启示

随着社会经济的发展,美国会计准则出现了"会计准则超载"问题.会计准则超载问题的产生是由一系列影响因素所造成的,而我国在进行会计准则的修订及完善时也可从中获得一些启示.     

Fair Value Accounting for Financial Instruments

This paper focuses on the value accounting for financial instruments. In recent years, more and more accountants perfect to agree that fair values are potentially more relevant than historical cost, particularly for financial instruments, but the difficult question is the reliability of fair-value estimates. This paper establishes a valuation model, then, based on the reviewing of extant literature pertaining to financial instruments, analyses the limitations of this methodology and draws a conclusion.     

会计电算化与财务业务一体化的进程与策略

从会计电算化的初步实施到广泛应用,中小企业已经从信息化发展中体会到管理技术革命的促进作用,并在电算化系统应用进步中铸就了良好的管理基础。在ERP浪潮不断兴起的信息系统应用背景下,挣脱传统电算化的束缚,扩展系统应用的新领域,是现代化技术赋予中小企业的时代机遇,也是中小企业提高生存与发展能力的有效途径。     

我国会计准则国际化的研究

本文介绍了会计国际化的概念,阐述了会计准则国际化的必然性以及我国会计准则国际化的必要性,针对参与国际会计准则制定、完善我国会计准则体系、如何对待国际化与国家化以及会计人员素质提高等方面对我国会计准则国际化给出了一些对策。     

Optimal Contracting,Accounting Standards,and Market Structures*

In this study I use a principal-agent framework to analyze optimal contracting under two accounting standards, referred to as historical cost (HC) and market value (MV), and under differing asset market assumptions. I distinguish HC from MV by the way revenue is recognized and in the reporting discretion allowed. The MV standard recognizes both realized and unrealized holding gains; HC recognizes only realized holding gains. MV allows the manager reporting discretion; the HC standard does not. Also, distinguishing an asset's value-in-use (VIU) from its net realizable value (NRV), I consider markets where the asset's VIU and NRV are always equal as well as markets where VIU and NRV differ. I show the following. If an asset's NRV and VIU are equal and if the manager's available reporting discretion is known, the principal prefers the MV standard because it provides better information about the manager's effort. However, the principal may prefer the HC standard if sufficiently uncertain about the manager's reporting discretion or if the asset's NRV exceeds its VIU, so that expected revenue is sufficiently enhanced by selling the asset earlier. Using an example (normal distribution and mean/variance preferences with linear contracts), I provide a case where the principal prefers the HC standard. Also, I compare the optimal effort and contract under each standard, and provide comparative static results that show how expected revenue, cost, and net income change due to changes in certain model parameters.     

International Accounting Standards for Line-of-Business Reporting and Oligopoly Competition*

Abstract. This article presents a model in which the impact of international accounting standards on product market competition can be assessed. Formulating the choice of disclosure rules as the first stage in a multistage game between countries and representative incumbent and entrant firms, we establish conditions under which an enforceable international standard to require line-of-business (LOB) reporting could lead to strict improvement in the expected national welfare of participating countries over the equilibrium that would otherwise be attained. Additional results consider the effects of changes in certain model assumptions and the addition of tariffs as further trade policy instruments. Résumé. Les auteurs proposent un modèle permettant d'évaluer l'incidence des normes comptables internationales sur la concurrence, sur les marchés de produits. Ils posent d'abord le choix des règles de présentation de l'information comme étant la première étape d'un jeu à multiples épisodes entre les pays et entre les sociétés en place représentatives du secteur et les nouvelles venues. Ils établissent ensuite les conditions dans lesquelles l'application possible d'une norme internationale exigeant la publication d'information sectorielle pourrait mener à une stricte amélioration de la prospérité nationale attendue des pays participants, au-delà du niveau d'équilibre qui serait autrement atteint. Les auteurs s'intéressent entre autres, dans leurs travaux, aux répercussions de la modification de certaines hypothèses du modèle et de l'introduction des tarifs douaniers à titre d'instruments de la politique d'échange.     

海峡两岸会计准则比较研究

在海峡两岸经济交往日益频繁的背景下,就中国大陆和台湾地区的会计准则的制定模式、基本会计准则和具体会计准则等方面进行比较,分析各自优劣,从而有益于海峡两岸在会计理论和具体实务中的协调与发展。     

现代企业需要高素质财会人才

随着经济的发展，会计的职能在不断的扩大。建立高素质、复合型财套人员队伍，已成为市场经济的迫切要求。所以，会计人员应由以往的记录型人才飞跃为适合现代经济发展的管理型人才。     

浅析新会计准则体系的几大突出变革

2007年是中国企业会计政策变革之年,新会计准则体系是与我国社会主义市场经济相适应并与国际财务报告准则趋同。本文针对新会计准则体系中的六大突出变化,从提供会计信息的利弊、维护社会公众利益、规范会计行为等方面进行分析。     

目前适用于我国的会计准则导向

自从美国安然事件发生以来,会计准则采用规则化导向还是原则化导向已经成为世界各国反思的热点问题。在结合国情的情况下,笔者认为采用规则性导向为主制定会计准则才是我国的高质量会计准则的必由之路。