Simultaneous Multiple Journal Submissions: The Case Against

A bstract . Because journals taking so long to review submissions, proposals have been made that authors be permitted to send the same paper to several journals at once. This paper argues that such a reform is ill-advised. In particular, it will fail to speed up the reviewing process ; it wilt fail to advance the careers of individuals who submit their papers to several journals at once; and it will have negative repercussions for the entire profession , because published results will become less reliable under a system of multiple submissions. The paper concludes with some more practical proposals to reduce decision times for submitted papers.     

管理的＂四元黄金法则＂及在推动开展QC小组活动中的应用

开展QC小组活动．能够有效提高职工素质。激发职工的积极性和创造性：能够有效改进质量、降低消耗、提高经济效益：能够改善人与人之间的关系．增强人的团结协作精神：能够建立文明的、心情舒畅的生产、服务、工作现场。它是一种非常科学、非常有效的全员改善的管理活动．是全面质量管理的基本活动形式。受到全世界各种组织的喜爱．在世界范围内得到广泛推广。     

The Libertarian Character of the Islamic Economy

This article reviews the shari'a approach to markets and examines its treatment by certain twentieth‐century Islamic economists such as Nejatullah Siddiqui, Nawab Haider Naqvi, Umer Chapra and M.A. Mannan. It characterises the arguments of these economists as largely statist, redistributive and socialist, possibly reflecting post‐colonial intellectual experiences. Yet shari'a endorses negative freedom by proscribing price controls and guaranteeing consumer protection from coercion. Islamic law, this article argues, as evinced in both revealed knowledge and human exegesis, has endorsed a market‐friendly, libertarian and limited‐government philosophy.     

The Business Case for Gender Diversity: Examining the Role of Human Resource Management Investments

Integrating opposing theoretical perspectives from the past literature, the authors hypothesize and test a U‐shaped curvilinear relationship between gender diversity and workforce productivity. They further propose that the curvilinear effects vary depending on the levels of an organization's human resource management (HRM) investments in pay, benefit, training, and communication; that is, the patterns are more salient when HRM investments are high rather than low. To enhance understanding of how HRM investments have impact on diverse employees, the authors also examine the moderating influence of organizational identification of diverse members that can exert proximal influence on the diversity‐productivity relationship. As predicted, results reveal that high levels of HRM investments influence the gender diversity–workforce productivity association to form a U‐shaped curvilinear relationship. Organizational identification also yields the same moderating patterns. Research and practical implications are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Human Resource Management and the Permeable Organization: The Case of the Multi‐Client Call Centre*

ABSTRACT Despite the interest over recent years in the fragmentation of organizations and the development of contracting, little attention has been paid to the impact of the associated inter‐organizational relationships on the internal organization of employment. Inter‐organizational relations have been introduced primarily as a means of externalizing – and potentially rendering invisible – employment issues and employment relations. In a context where inter‐organizational relationships appear to be growing in volume and diversity, this constitutes a significant gap in the literature that this paper in part aims to fill. The purpose of the paper is two‐fold: to develop a framework for considering the internal and external organizational influences on employment and to apply this framework within a case study of a multi‐client outsourcing call centre. We explore the interactions between internal objectives, client demands and the use of external contracting in relation to three dimensions of employment policy: managing the wage‐effort bargain, managing flexibility and managing commitment and performance. It is the interplay between these factors in a dynamic context that provides, we suggest, the basis for a more general framework for considering human resource policy in permeable organizations.     

Favoring the small and the plenty: Islamic banking for MSMEs

While MSMEs form the backbone of many countries, most of them suffer from limited access to finance. We extend the literature by examining whether Islamic banks, compared to their conventional peers, favor more the MSMEs credit market segment in Turkey. We do this by considering various aspects of the lending behavior towards MSMEs (total lending, foreign currency lending, loan commitments, loan quality, and revenues) across different MSMEs size categories (micro, small and medium-sized firms). Our results show that once we control for bank-specific characteristics, we find that Islamic banks are more engaged with MSME financing and generate more revenues from servicing MSMEs. Concerning the quality of the MSME lending portfolio, no distinguishable patterns were observed between Islamic and conventional banks.     

The Throwaway Culture in the Economy of Exclusion: Pope Francis and Economists on Waste

An essential part of Pope Francis’s critique of the “economy of exclusion” is the concept of the “throwaway culture,” which is an attitude and a reality that goes beyond mere exclusion. Francis is building on critiques of consumerism (what John Paul II called “economism”) that noted both the environmental impacts of unnecessary waste and the social and human impact of reducing humans to mere consumers—the idea that happiness is shopping. Francis adds to this a concern for the people on the margins of society who are treated as disposable and for the consequences of climate change, both of which are connected to the throwaway attitude. This article looks at Francis’s views within the tradition of Catholic social thought and at how economists, especially Adam Smith, who provided the foundation for modern economics, looked at waste and consumerism.     

The Weakness Of Symbolic Boundaries: Handling Exclusion Among Montevideo's Squatters

This article argues that material conditions limit the possibilities of symbolic boundaries becoming markers of social differentiation, especially among stigmatized groups. Using squatter settlements in Montevideo, Uruguay, as a case study, it shows that symbolic boundaries are hard to maintain when material conditions and the stigmas associated with certain places work against them. Based on participant observation and oral histories, it analyses how squatters experienced the move to a squatter settlement. It argues that, for many, it was a way to resist exclusion, a struggle to belong to the city and to protect a social position that structural changes under neoliberalism had put at risk. This required engaging in difficult symbolic boundary work to distinguish themselves from cantegriles—poor and crowded older shantytowns—and claim dignity as workers and residents of a regular city neighbourhood. Yet, there were many limits to their fight in an increasingly fragmented city. Through follow‐up visits to several settlements over almost two decades and tracking the case in the local press, through available survey data and secondary literature, this article offers a longitudinal perspective of symbolic boundaries in the making.     

现代企业委托代理问题的“中庸之道”

孔子提出的“中庸之道”从根本上说是一种管理思想和方法,它要求人们作任何事情都要遵循适度原则,这对现代企业中的委托代理问题同样具有重要意义。在这一思想方法的指导下,本文论证了解决委托代理问题的最优激励机制设计,寻找激励与监督的均衡点。     

The economic cost of the Islamic State on the Syrian and Iraqi economies

In this paper, we evaluate the economic cost of the Islamic State on the Syrian and Iraqi economies from 2010 to 2016. To do so, we use the Post-Terrorism Final Economic Damage Simulator—PTFED-Simulator. The PTFED-Simulator assesses the economic damage of terrorism based on ten different indicators: (1) total regional terrorism tension (?T_t); (2) harmonized anti-terrorist strategy (AT₊); (3) war losses from terrorism (?πt); (4) total economic leakage from terrorism (?Ψt); (5) economic desgrowth from terrorism (?δ_t); (6) military dimension of terrorism (MD_t); (7) post-terrorism economic damage (?Π_t); (8) post terrorism economic damage evaluation; (9) post-terrorism reconstruction plan (PTR_t); and (10) terrorism effect on mega-disk networks mapping. Overall, we seek to evaluate the impact of terrorism on economic performance from a multi-dimensional perspective in both the short run and long run.     

Exclusion and Informality: The Praetorian Politics of Land Management in Cairo,Egypt

Since the late 1970s, Western aid agencies, including the US Agency for International Development (AID) and the World Bank, sought to assist the Egyptian government in planning its capital, Cairo. The aim was to foster an administratively competent Egyptian state able to respond, for example, to informal urbanization of the city's agricultural periphery by channelling the city's growth into planned and serviced desert sites. However, these initiatives were almost entirely unsuccessful. Egyptian officials rejected engagement with the informal urbanization process. The projects became enmeshed in bureaucratic struggles over control of valuable state desert land. This article examines these failed planning exercises, first, in order to assess what they indicate about Egypt's authoritarian dispensation of power, in place since 1952 but challenged in the February 2011 overthrow of President Husni Mubarak. It concludes that project failure is diagnostic of the regime's exclusionary nature and the presence of autonomous centres of power such as the Egyptian military. Secondly, the article looks at how this political order shaped Cairo's largely uncontrolled growth by constraining the Egyptian state's capacity to manage it. Thus, urban planning in Cairo reveals how authoritarian power relations have been inscribed upon Egyptian social space.     

The New Role of the Constitutive Rule

A BSTRACT . Searle used to analyze institutional facts in terms of the constitutive rule. In his more elaborate account in The Construction of Social Reality he introduces the notion of a status function. The "counts as" locution is central to both the constitutive rule and the status function. The main question I ask is what role is left for the constitutive rule after the introduction of the status function. In order to answer this question, I start by analyzing the notion of a status function. An examination of the relation between status functions and the function of representation reveals that the former is a species of the latter. An exploration of the relation between status functions and collective acceptance reveals that Searle does not provide an argument as to why collective acceptance is required for institutional facts. Searle's new account goes beyond his old analysis of institutional facts in terms of the constitutive rule. Rather than declaring the notion to be redundant, Searle assigns the constitutive rule a new role: it is to account for the fact that there can be counterfeit instances of a subclass of institutions, including, for example, that of money. This subclass consists of institutions that are codified.     

Efficiency in Islamic and conventional banking: an international comparison

The paper investigates the efficiency of a sample of Islamic and conventional banks in 10 countries that operate Islamic banking for the period 1996–2002, using an output distance function approach. We obtain measures of efficiency after allowing for environmental influences such as country macroeconomic conditions, accessibility of banking services and bank type. While these factors are assumed to directly influence the shape of the technology, we assume that country dummies and bank size directly influence technical inefficiency. The parameter estimates highlight that during the sample period, Islamic banking appears to be associated with higher input usage. Furthermore, by allowing for bank size and international differences in the underlying inefficiency distributions, we are also able to demonstrate statistically significant differences in inefficiency related to these factors even after controlling for specific environmental characteristics and Islamic banking. Thus, for example, our results suggest that Sudan and Yemen have relatively higher inefficiency while Bahrain and Bangladesh have lower estimated inefficiency. Except for Sudan, where banks exhibits relatively strong returns to scale, most sample banks exhibit very slight returns to scale, although Islamic banks are found to have moderately higher returns to scale than conventional banks. While this suggests that Islamic banks may benefit from increased scale, we would emphasize that our results suggest that identifying and overcoming the factors that cause Islamic banks to have relatively low potential outputs for given input usage levels will be the key challenge for Islamic banking in the coming decades.     

Immigrants Contesting Ethnic Exclusion: Structures and Practices of Identity

Most of the literature on social exclusion has concentrated exclusively on socio‐economic and political factors as the causes denying people access to social services and civil and political rights. Structures have been seen as established outside and independently of the practice and experience of individual and collective social actors. In this article I intend to show how social actors implement social strategies of inclusion to counteract practices and classifications of social exclusion within different possibilities of success. This I will do taking into account various arenas and landscapes of macro‐structural constraints, which allow but also limit both autonomy and agency. In doing so, I will stress the complexities and variety of social exclusion/inclusion dynamics within contemporary urban societies that are strongly marked by demographic and ethnic changes. These issues will be explored through two different ethnographic cases: second‐generation Spanish migrants to the Basque Country and Polish immigrants to Spain. En majorité, la littérature sur l’exclusion sociale s’est consacrée exclusivement aux facteurs socio‐économiques et politiques comme causes du refus d’accès de populations aux services sociaux ainsi qu’aux droits civils et politiques. On considère que les structures sont établies hors et indépendamment de la pratique et du vécu des acteurs sociaux individuels et collectifs. L’article vise à montrer comment ces acteurs mettent en ?uvre des stratégies sociales d’inclusion pour compenser les pratiques et classifications d’exclusion sociale propres aux différentes possibilités de réussite. Cette approche tient compte de plusieurs arènes et paysages de contraintes macro‐structurelles qui permettent, et restreignent parallèlement, autonomie et agence. Dans le même temps, l’article souligne les complexités et la diversité des dynamiques d’exclusion/inclusion sociale au sein des sociétés urbaines contemporaines, fortement marquées par les transformations démographiques et ethniques. Ces aspects sont étudiés à travers deux cas ethnographiques: les migrants espagnols de deuxième génération dans le Pays basque et les immigrants polonais en Espagne.     

人学视野下的非正规学前教育课程建设——以四环游戏小组为例

本文以四环游戏小组为例,从人学思想出发认为非正规学前教育的课程建设应以儿童的快乐健康成长为目的,以儿童为中心,建构贴近儿童实际、贴近儿童生活的课程体系。应特别关注课程与儿童活动、文化及儿童生活的的整合。     

员工的外派动机及国际人力资源管理政策匹配性——以中国银行为例

中国企业的国际化迅猛扩张,随之而来亟待解决的是跨国企业面临的国际人力资源管理问题.本文从企业员工的外派动机及国际人力资源管理政策两个层面来检验两者的匹配性.本文以中国银行为例,通过对22名中国银行员工的半结构化访谈,获取关于外派动机主观和客观影响因素的编码列表,然后基于ERG理论对外派动机进行归纳分析;同时通过对中国银行总部人力资源管理部门的访谈和二手资料的搜集,归纳了关于外派员工的人力资源管理政策.本文诊断了现存政策与外派动机的匹配性对外派意愿的影响.本文不仅在理论上丰富了外派动机类型的研究,而且检验了ERG理论多种需要并存的原则;在实践上为中国跨国企业在国际化员工外派上的人力资源管理政策提供了管理启示.