浅议网络犯罪问题

网络犯罪是伴随着信息网络技术发展而出现的一种新型的犯罪形式,并且随着技术的进步,网络犯罪的数量会大幅度增加,其危害性也将日渐严重.本文就网络犯罪产生的根源、类型及防止对策等问题阐述了个人的观点.     

我国青少年纯正网络犯罪研究

所谓纯正网络犯罪,是指行为人运用计算机技术,危害计算机数据和系统的机密性、完整性和可用性的犯罪。目前,我国青少年群体已经成为纯正网络犯罪的主体,并且呈现出手段更加智能化、学历层次多元化的趋势。犯罪学中关于青少年犯罪原因的理论较多,许多理论都可以用于解释青少年网络犯罪的原因,但是在诸多的青少年犯罪原因理论中,默顿的失范论对于解释我国计算机网络犯罪原因有着很大的启示意义。青少年群体的学习能力强、好奇心重、主张个性,并且渴望自我价值的实现,而通过正当化的手段难以达成其自我实现的目的,计算机网络作为一个虚拟空间,在很大程度上能够满足青少年自我价值实现的需求,从而使得青少年产生了失范行为,进而进行网络犯罪。对于青少年计算机网络的对策与防治,是一项系统化的工程,需要多方面因素的完善和变革才能遏制当前愈演愈烈的青少年网络犯罪问题。     

犯罪成立类型论

犯罪的分类是根据我国刑法的规定和刑法理论,以犯罪构成理论为基石来划分的.从行为人的主观罪过来看,犯罪可以分为故意犯罪和过失犯罪;从犯罪主体所呈现的特征来看,犯罪可以被分为自然犯和法定犯.根据某一类犯罪行为所共同危害的为我国刑法所保护的社会关系的某一部分或某一方面来划分,我国刑法将所有的犯罪分为十大类.由于犯罪客观要件的内容首先是危害社会的行为,所以危害行为是一切犯罪的共同要件,即任何犯罪的成立都必须有刑法规定的危害行为.除了危害行为外,行为之对象、行为之情节、行为所造成的危害结果、行为所引起的危险状态也都是犯罪客观要件的内容,但它们不是一切犯罪的共同要件,只是某些犯罪的构成要件.根据客观要件内容所呈现的特征来划分,我们可以把犯罪分为结果犯、行为犯、危险犯、情节犯四种类型.本文拟就从此种分类方法着手,对我国犯罪成立类型作一些阐释,以示与以成立犯罪既遂为标准(通说)而划分的结果犯、行为犯、危险犯等犯罪既遂形态类型区分开来.     

新形势下贿赂犯罪若干问题刍议

一、贿赂犯罪的概念 贿赂犯罪分为受贿犯罪和行贿犯罪两种,我国刑法对受贿罪定义是指国家工作人员,利用职务上的便利,索取他人财物或非法收受他人财物为他人谋取利益的行为,这是一般意义上的定义.     

欧美打击网络犯罪立法的最新进展及对我国的启示

网络在我国的发展不过十年时间,目前我国的刑事立法亦不完善,对欧美等各国网络犯罪的相关立法进行比较研究,对健全我国的刑事立法具有非常重要的作用。 1.罪名设置和保护范围上的比较研究 就计算机犯罪的罪名(或行为方式)而言,欧美各国对计算机犯罪设置的罪     

网络知识产权的刑事法保护——以其对传统知识产权的特征变异为视角

网络知识产权是由数字网络发展引起的或是相关的各种知识产权以及在网络环境下,人们对传统知识产权的数字信息形式成果所依法享有的专有性权利的总称。它对传统知识产权的地域性、时间性和专有性特征均发生了变异。新形势下对网络知识产权的刑事法保护上要注重对犯罪目的、犯罪对象、客体、刑罚配置等实体法研究,注重对刑事管辖、审理模式、诉讼模式等程序法研究。     

全球化背景下的网络犯罪及其控制对策

网络犯罪是通过计算机、通讯等技术手段,借助于网络信息系统实施的或专门针对网络信息系统实施的,具有严重的社会危害性、触犯刑法的行为。由于网络犯罪为刑事犯罪,所以它具有刑事犯罪的一般特点,但因为它是信息化与全球化的产物,是一种新型的智能犯罪,因而它又在传统犯罪的基础上衍生出了许多与传统犯罪相异的特点。例如,它的虚拟性、隐蔽性等等。网络犯罪作为全球化的伴生物,已对我们的生活构成极大的威胁,要对此进行有效的防范,应该从技术、道德观念及法制建设这三方面入手,以防范为主,进行综合治理。     

论网络购物诈骗犯罪及其防范

网络购物具有虚拟性、技术性、地域性、第三方服务等特点,不法分子往往利用网络活动的这些特点进行诈骗犯罪.网络购物诈骗可以从时间进程和手段方法的角度进行多层次类型化研究.防范此类犯罪需要从立法的角度建立行业规范和监督机制,提高网购服务提供商的服务水平,规范网购主体的行为,提高风险意识,实行市场准入制度、网络购物实名制、电子格式凭证等制度.     

计算机网络犯罪的法律研究

摘要：伴随着计算机与网络技术的飞速发展,网络强大的功能给人们的工作和生活带来了极大的便利,网络在人们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色,但是,我们也应清醒地看到,网络实际上是一把“双刃剑”,在给人们带来丰富多彩的生活的同时,网络犯罪也悄然而至。尤其是近些年网络诈骗、网络赌博、网络色情等犯罪活动层出不穷,且有愈演愈烈的趋势。给社会稳定和人民的利益带来极大的危害。利用计算机网络进行犯罪,在我国当前的法律也存在着一些不全之处,就如何进行有效的规范计算机网络与预防打击计算机网络犯罪,本文给出了一些建议与意见。     

经济全球化对我国犯罪的影响

经济与犯罪的关系历来是犯罪学研究的重要课题。经济全球化作为一种经济发展趋势,会促进我国经济发展和社会进步。同时,经济全球化是一把“双刃剑”,在一定的时期内,它会对我国犯罪产生重要的影响,使犯罪总量上升、犯罪类型发生变化、犯罪呈国际化趋势。同时,经济全球化对我国的经济犯罪、有组织犯罪、职务犯罪等具体犯罪也会产生深远的影响。     

试论经济犯罪中对犯罪单位的强制措施

经济犯罪是一种严重扰乱市场秩序的违法行为。与自然人犯罪相比较而言,单位犯罪大多是一种有组织、有指挥的犯罪,在对抗侦查及逃避打击的能力方面,远远高于自然人,这就使得在经济犯罪的追诉中,对犯罪单位采取强制措施更为必要。对犯罪单位采取强制措施,在理论上符合刑事强制措施的对象特定性、强制性、保障性三大特征;在实践中应分两个主体分别设置相应的强制措施体系:其一,犯罪单位诉讼代表人,可采取拘传人身性强制措施;其二,对犯罪单位,可采取包括缴纳保证金、监视经营管理、支付禁止、关闭机构等等财产性强制措施。     

金融诈骗罪的构成特征及立法完善

金融诈骗是市场经济发展进程中出现的一类新型犯罪,在修订后的刑法中被单列一节。深入研究这类犯罪的构成特征,对于实践中正确区分罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪的界限具有重要意义。限于当时的客观实际,刑事立法上存在一定的缺陷,为了适应当前打击金融诈骗犯罪的需要,应作进一步的完     

All-or-nothing verdict as a screening device

An adversarial model of criminal trial is considered with threeverdict choices—innocent, guilty of moderate crime, andguilty of serious crime. Depending on the parties' access toevidence and initial beliefs in the courtroom about the possiblecrimes, the judge may agree to the defendant's request to eliminatethe verdict of moderate crime from jury deliberation if theprosecution brings the charge of serious crime. Though thisall-or-nothing verdict choice confers the defendant some manipulativepower, it is shown that such verdict choice may also screenout an overstated charge of serious crime. Conditions are derivedunder which screening is effective and powerful enough to generate(ex-ante) efficiency gains.     

Crime, Job Searches, and Economic Growth

This paper constructs a theoretical model with which to analyze the puzzling links between unemployment and crime rates, described in the literature. Most theoretical papers on crime, such as Becker Journal of Political Economy 76, 169–217, (1968), Ehrlich Journal of Political Economy 81, 521–565, (1973), and İmrohoroğlu et al. International Economic Review 41, 1–25, (2000), emphasize the analysis of the equilibrium crime rate, dealing with the unemployment rate as an exogenous parameter, but little attention has been devoted to investigating the influence of the criminal market on the equilibrium unemployment rate in the labor market and how these markets interact. This paper illustrates how the causes of crime play a crucial role in the unemployment-crime relationship, wherein different causality result in different associative relationships between unemployment and crime. The aforementioned conclusion illustrates the theory explaining why the empirical findings related to the unemployment-crime relationship are mixed and equivocal. Second, this paper describes the diverse origins of crime, in which employed workers and unemployed workers have different incentives for entering a life of crime. Employed and unemployed workers assume different opportunity costs by engaging in criminal activities, resulting in different effects on the economy. This explains why crime rates relative to unemployment rates in different countries could be either procyclical or countercyclical.     

弱势群体的界定及其犯罪特点分析

弱势群体犯罪是社会转型过程中出现的社会问题,弱势群体的形成是社会分层的结果。弱势群体的特殊地位,决定了此群体的犯罪在犯罪主体、犯错特点、犯罪原因等方面都不同于其他群体。明确界定弱势群体,深层次分析此群体的犯罪特点,对于控制和预防此类犯罪,具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

A simple model of crime waves, riots, and revolutions

Standard economic models of criminal behavior analyze the criminal's decision in a partial equilibrium context. The standard model does not recognize that the probability of being punished is a function of the total amount of crime that occurs. As the total amount of crime increases, police resources become strained, courts become congested, and prisons become overcrowded. As a result, proportionately fewer criminals are apprehended, convicted, and imprisoned. The feedback effects from one criminal's decision to participate in crime to another criminal's decision can be highly significant. In one parameterization of the model developed here, the individual commits twice as many crimes for a given parameter shift than is implied by the standard model. The model also sheds light on other areas where criminal actions are interdependent such as riots, crime waves, and revolutions.     

Temporal Causality and the Dynamics of Crime and Delinquency

This paper is the first attempt to identify crime-delinquency relationship at the national level. We apply various techniques to identify the dynamic relationship between crime and delinquency rates in USA from 1987 to 2008. Two types of crime rates are observed, violent and property crime rate. The study finds strong short-term evidence that delinquency causes an increase in property crime rate for the years 1987 through 1995 and again 1996 through 2000, but no evidence for a long-term relationship in the full sample 1987 through 2008. The reverse effect of crime on delinquency rate is mostly insignificant. The property values work as a linkage between crime-delinquency relationship in the short-term data. One important finding of this study is the apparent exogeneity of the crime rate with respect to delinquency rate during the economic downturn. We also control for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages, housing starts, and median weekly wage.     

The economics of crime in the urban ghetto

Summary and Conclusion A central conclusion of this paper which explores the economic aspects of crime in the urban ghetto is that it is premature to conclude that an unambiguous relationship between employment opportunities and crime exists. This is not to be considered a repudiation of prior findings of a statistical association between unemployment rates, labor force participation rates, other economic variables, and crime. It is merely a statement of caution when viewing these findings within an analytical perspective devoid of a characterization of the institutional structure of crime and employment in urban ghettos.