Book reviews

Jennifer Ward, ed., Women of the English nobility and gentry, 1066-1500
Nicholas Orme and Margaret Webster, The English hospital, 1070-1570
Vanessa Harding and Laura Wright, eds., London Bridge: selected accounts and rentals, 1381-1538
Peter Clark and Lyn Murfin, The history of Maidstone: the making of a modem county town
M. J. Daunton, Progress and poverty: an economic and social history of Britain, 1700-1850
John F. Wilson, British business history, 1720-1994
Geoffrey Tweedale, Steel city: entrepreneurship, strategy, and technology in Sheffield, 1743-1993
Brian R. Law, Fieldens of Todmorden: a nineteenth century business dynasty
Marguerite W. Dupree, Family structure in the Staffordshire Potteries, 1840-1880
David Englander and Rosemary O'Day, eds., Retrieved riches: social investigation in Britain, 1840-1914
Robert Humphreys, Sin, organized charity and the poor law in Victorian England
V. Markham Lester, Victorian insolvency: bankruptcy, imprisonment for debt and company winding-up in nineteenth-century England
Simon Szreter, Fertility, class and gender in Britain, 1860-1940
B. W. E. Alford, Britain in the world economy since 1880
John Brown, The British welfare state
James R. Lehning, Peasant and French: cultural contact in rural France during the nineteenth century
Geoffrey Crossick and Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, The petite bourgeoisie in Europe, 1780-1914: enterprise, family and independence
Y. Cassis, F. Crouzet, and T. Gourvish, eds., Management and business in Britain and France: the age of the corporate economy
Dirk Hoerder and Jorg Nagler, eds., People in transit: German migrations in comparative perspective, 1820-1930
Geoffrey Jones, The evolution of international business: an introduction
Alec Cairncross, Economic ideas and government policy: contributions to contemporary economic history     

三农创业实践驱动的学术问题与研究建议

改革开放40年中国经济与社会发生了天翻地覆的变化，创业功不可没。乡村振兴、共享经济、社会创业、三农变化、城乡互动等众多因素共同推动涉农创业，围绕农业、农村、农民的创业活动日趋活跃。但是，不能用工业化发展的逻辑振兴乡村，三农创业也不会是城市创业的自然延伸。挖掘三农创业实践中的学术问题，大力开展三农创业研究，不仅有助于为乡村振兴、精准扶贫、三农发展等政策建设建言献策，也有助于丰富和推动国内的创业研究。基于三农创业所展现出的活跃性和独特性，作者指出机会在未被充分利用的三农独特资源中孕育，资源、创业者等基本创业要素也正不断向三农集聚，呼吁学术界重视三农创业的研究工作。进一步地，文章从三农资源、企业家精神等角度切入，初步探讨了三农创业领域中可能具有学术价值的研究议题。最后，文章从三农创业实践出发，对三农创业的研究视野、研究情境、研究范围、研究层次和研究方法等应注意的问题提出了建议。     

Reviews

Kathleen Biddick, The other economy: pastoral husbandry on a medieval estate Steve Rappaport, Worlds within worlds: structures of life in sixteenth-century London Lindsay Granshaw and Roy Porter, eds., The hospital in history Eric Richards and Monica Clough, Cromartie: highland life, 1650-1914 Richard Holt, Sport and the British: a modem history Michael J. Freeman and Derek H. Aldcroft, eds., Transport in Victorian Britain Stephanie Jones, Trade and skipping: Lord Inchcape,1852-1932 Anita Rapone, The Guardian Life Insurance Company, 1860-1920 E. P. Hennock, British social reform and German precedents J.R. Edwards, A history of financial accounting Harold Perkin, The rise of professional society: England since 1880 Ian Levitt, Poverty and welfare in Scotland, 1890-1948 Valerie Burton, ed., Bruce Kent, The spoils of war: the politics, economics, and diplomacy of reparations, 1918-1932 Alan Booth, British economic policy, 1931-1949: was there a Keynesian revolution? Peter Denley, Stefan Fogelvik, and Charles Harvey, eds., History and computing, II P.W. Bamford, Privilege and profit: a business family in eighteenth-century France Michael Sonenscher, Work and wages: natural law, politics and the eighteenth-century French trades Elinor Accampo, Industrialization, family life, and class relations: Saint Chamond, 1815-1914 William James Adams, Restructuring the French economy: government and the rise of market competition since World War II Kristine Bruland, British technology and European industrialization: the Norwegian textile industry in the mid-nineteenth century Thomas M. Truxes, Irish-American trade, 1660-1783 Ian M. Drummond and Norman Hillmer, Negotiating freer trade: the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and the trade agreements of 1938 S. J. Kleinberg, The shadoiv of the mills: ivorking-class families in Pittsburgh, 1870-1907 David A. Hounshell and John Kenly Smith, Science and corporate strategy: Du Pont R. & D., 1902-1980 Carlos Marichal, A century of debt crises in Latin America: from independence to the great depression, 1820-1930 Ian Brown, ed., The economies of Africa and Asia in the interwar depression Chhei Sugiyama and Hiroshi Mizuta, eds., Enlightenment and beyond: political economy comes to Japan Hugh Patrick, with the assistance of Larry Meissner, eds., Japan's high technology industries: lessons and limitations of industrial policy Clive Dewey, ed., The state and the market: studies in the economic and social history of the Third World Paul Bairoch, trans. Christopher Braider, Cities and economic development from the dawn of history to the present Paul Bairoch, trans. Christopher Braider, Cities and economic development from the dawn of history to the present     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
S. H. Rigby, Medieval Grimsby: growth and decline
Lee Davison, Tim Hitchcock, Tim Keirn, and Robert B. Shoemaker, eds.
L.D. Schwarz, London in the age of industrialization: entrepreneurs, labour force and living standards
Spencer J. Pack, Capitalism as a moral system: Adam Smith's critique of the free market economy (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1991. Pp. 199. £35); Patricia H. Werhane
R. D. Anderson, Universities and elites in Britain since 1800
Jutta Schwartzkopf, Women in the Chartist movement
George Robb, White-collar crime in modern England: financial fraud and business morality
David Edgerton, England and the aeroplane: an essay on a militant and technological nation
John Fforde, The Bank of England and public policy, 1941-1958
Colin Heywood, The development of the French economy, 1750-1914
J. K. J. Thomson, A distinctive industrialization: cotton in Barcelona, 1728-1832
Herman Diederiks, Paul Hohenberg, and Michael Wagenaar, eds., Economic policy in Europe since the late middle ages: the visible hand and the fortune of cities
Dudley Baines, Emigration from Europe, 1815-1930
Udo Sautter, Three cheers for the unemployed: government and unemployment before the Nao Deal
Alan K. Smith, Creating a world economy: merchant capital, colonialism and world trade, 1400-1825
Rondo Cameron and V. I. Bovykin, eds., International banking, 1870-1914
Charles Harvey and Geoffrey Jones, eds., Organisational capability and competitive advantage
Barry Eichengreen, Golden fetters. The gold standard and the great depression, 1919-1939
William Lazonick, Business organization and the myth of the market economy
Andrew Tylecote, The long wave in the world economy: the present crisis in historical perspective
Donald A. Walker, ed., Perspectives on the history of economic thought, I: classical and neoclassical economic thought; II: Twentieth century economic thought     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Andrew Hinde, England's population
S. H. Rigby (ed.), A companion to Britain in the later middle ages
Michael Snodin and John Styles, Design and the decorative arts
Alexandra Shepard, Meanings of manhood in early modern England
Steven King and Alannah Tomkins (eds.), The poor in England, 1700-1850
Peter Kirby, Child labour in Britain, 1750-1870
John F. Wilson and Andrew Popp (eds.), Industrial clusters and regional business networks in England, 1750-1970
R. S. Craig, R. Protheroe Jones and M. V. Symons, The industrial and maritime history of Llanelli and Burry Port, 1750-2000
A. K. B. Evans and J. V. Gough (eds.), The impact of the railway on society in Britain
Lesley Richmond, Julie Stevenson and Alison Turner (eds.), The pharmaceutical industry
Ian Gazeley, Poverty in Britain, 1900-1965
Richard Toye, The Labour Party and the planned economy, 1931-51
Jonathan Hollowell (ed.), Britain since 1945
Vanessa Harding, The dead and the living in Paris and London, 1500-1670
R. W. Davies et al (eds.), The Stalin-Kaganovich correspondence, 1931-36
Michael G. Morony (ed.), Production and the exploitation of resources
Michael G. Morony (ed.), Manufacturing and labour
John Belshaw, Colonization and community
Lizabeth Cohen, A consumers' republic
Deborah Fitzgerald, Every farm a factory
Diane J. Macunovich, Birth quake
W. W. Rostow, Concept and controversy
Mario Baldassarri and Pierluigi Ciocca (eds.), Roots of the Italian school of economics and finance     

REVIEW

Book reviewed in this article:
ANNUAL REVIEW OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORIANS, 1990¹
The historical archive project
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND
M.M. Rowe and J.M. Draisey, eds., The receivers'accounts of the city of Exeter, 1304-1353
Anthony Quiney, The traditional buildings of England
P. J. Atkins, The directories of London, 1677-1977
James Stephen Taylor, Poverty, migration, and settlement in the industrial revolution: sojourner's narratives
Douglas Hay and Francis Snyder, eds., Policing and prosecution in Britain, 1750-1850
W. H. Chaloner, Industry and innovation: selected essays , eds. D. A. Farnie and W. O. Henderson
Harry Hendrick, Images of youth: age, class and the male youth problem, 1880-1920
Michael Bonavia, London before I forget
Peter Mathias and Sidney Pollard, eds., The Cambridge economic history of Europe , VIII. The industrial economies: the development of economic and social policies
Florin Aftalion, The French Revolution: an economic interpretation
Ross Thomson, The path to mechanized shoe production in the United States
Thomas G. Fuechtmann, Steeples and stacks: religion and steel crisis in Youngstown
Dianne Newell, ed., The development of the Pacific salmon-canning industry: a grown man's game
Jill Crystal, Oil and politics in the Gulf: rulers and merchants in Kuwait and Qatar
Angus Maddison, The world economy in the twentieth century
Gilbert Ziebura, World economy and world politics, 1924-1931
J.R. Raeburn and J.O. Jones, The history of the International Association of Agricultural Economists: towards rural welfare worldwide
John F. Henry, The making of neoclassical economics
Mary S. Morgan, The history of econometric ideas
Moses Abramovitz, ' Thinking about growth'and other essays on growth and welfare     

清代中叶山陕商人在甘肃的经营活动--以碑刻资料为中心的考察

本文利用商人会馆碑刻等资料,对清代中叶甘肃山陕商人的来源及其经营活动进行了较详细的考察。考察显示:甘肃的晋商多来自晋中和晋南,主要分布于平阳、汾州等府和解州直隶州;陕商则主要来自西安、同州二府。山陕商人在甘肃经营的商货主要有绸缎、布匹、茶叶、皮毛、杂货等,甘肃输入商品以绸缎、棉布、茶叶等为大宗,输出则为水烟、药材、皮毛制品等。乾隆年间汇聚兰州的山陕商号已有四五百家,武威更达六七百家,秦州和张掖则少得多。凉州府城武威是连通中原与甘肃西部乃至新疆的重要转运枢纽,其商业规模和腹地范围可能均超过省城兰州。     

Book Reviews

Sheridan, Greg, Tigers: leaders of the new Asia-Pacific
Kuo, Shirley S. Y., Economic Policies: the Taiwan experience 1945–1995
Fletcher, Christine (ed.), Equity and Development Across Nations: political and fiscal realities
Laothamatas, Anek (ed.), Democratization in Southeast and East Asia
Bateman, Sam and Bates, Stephen (eds), Calming the Waters: initiatives for Asia Pacific maritime cooperation
Lee, Tae-Woo, Shipping Developments in Far East Asia: the Korean experience
Clark, Gordon, L. and Kim, Won Bae (eds), Asian NIEs and the Global Economy: industrial restructuring and corporate strategy in the 1990s
United Nations, Foreign Investment in Asian Stock Markets
Hanna, Nagy, Boyson, Sandor and Gunaratne, Shakuntala, The East Asian Miracle and Information Technology: strategic management of technological learning
Asian Development Bank, Sociocultural Issues and Economic Development in the Pacific Islands
Fairbairn, Te'o, I. J. and Worrell, DeLisle, South Pacific and Caribbean Island Economies: a comparative study
World Bank, Pacific Island Economies: building a resilient economic base for the twenty-first century
Rodan, Garry (ed.), Political Oppositions in Industrialising Asia
Yuen, Ng Chee, Freeman, Nick J. and Huynh, Frank, H. (eds), State Owned Enterprise Reform in Vietnam: lessons from Asia
Edwards, Ron and Skully, Michael (eds), ASEAN Business, Trade and Development: an Australian perspective
Cole, David, C. and Slade, Betty F., Building a Modern Financial System: the Indonesian experience
Clark, Cal and Roy, K. C., Comparing Development Patterns in Asia
Zhou, Zhang-Yue, Effects of Grain Marketing Systems on Grain Production: a comparative study of China and India
English, H. Edward and Runnals, David (eds), Environment and Development in the Pacific: problems and policy options
Mendelsohn, Robert and Shaw, Daigee (eds), The Economics of Pollution Control in the Asia Pacific     

中国传统文化与网络文化冲突碰撞的特殊性

任何国家在进入信息社会的时候,传统文化与网络文化都会发生冲突碰撞,这是一种历史的必然.但是,中国传统文化与网络文化的冲突碰撞却尤为激烈,具体体现在天理与人欲、有限与无限、伦理与技术、前喻与后喻、现实与虚拟、封闭与开放、纵向与横向、繁琐与简便等十个方面.这种冲突碰撞激烈化的原因,是由于中国传统社会的历史悠久、中国社会的非常态发展、中国社会转型任务的复杂性所决定的.     

Reviews

Gervase Rosser, Medieval Westminster, 1200-1540 Michael Aston, David Austin, and Christopher Dyer, eds., The rural settlements of medieval England Mark Bailey, A marginal economy? Peter Earle, The making of the English middle class Christine MacLeod, Inventing the industrial revolution C.W. Chalklin and J.R. Wordie, eds., Town and countryside G.E. Mingay, ed., The agrarian history of England and Wales, vi, 1750-1850 R.A. Buchanan, The engineers Charles More, The industrial age T.M. Devine and Rosalind Mitchison, eds., People and society in Scotland, I, 7760-1830 Anne Digby, British welfare policy Patrick Brantlinger, ed., Energy and entropy John Benson, The working class in Britain, 1850-1939 Patricia Hollis, Ladies elect A.M. McBriar, An Edwardian mixed doubles. The Bosanquets versus the Webbs A.D.M. Phillips, The underdrawing of farmland in England during the nineteenth century Charles F. Harvey and Jon Press, eds., Studies in the business history of Bristol S. Fisher, ed., Innovations in shipping and trade Laurie Dennett, Slaughter and May Penny Summerfield, Women workers in the Second World War David Thorns, War, industry and society Alec Cairncross, ed., The Robert Hall diaries, 1947-1953 Henry Pelling, Britain and the Marshall Plan John Walter and Roger Schofield Jonathan I. Israel, Dutch primacy in world trade, 1585-1740 Herbert Kisch, From domestic nwnufacture to industrial revolution Richard Lawton, ed., The rise and fall of great cities Ian Blanchard, Russia's age of silver Orlando Figes, Peasant Russia, civil war William M. Mathew, Edmund Ruffin and the crisis of slavery in the old south Harvey A. Levenstein, Revolution at the table Mira Wilkins, The history of foreign investment in the United States to 1914 Gary Gerstle, Working-class Americanism Erick D. Langer, Economic change and rural resistance in southern Bolivia, 1880-1930 Colin Newbury, The diamond ring T. Dyson, ed., India's historical demography     

Book reviews

Books Reviewed: Great Britain And Ireland Nicholas Brooks, Anglo–Saxon myths: state and church, 400–1066 Nicholas Brooks, Communities and warfare, 700–1400 J. Bothwell, P. J. P. Goldberg, and W. M. Ormrod, ((eds.)), The problem of labour in fourteenth–century England Robert Tittler, Townspeople and nation: English urban experiences, 1540–1640 L. A. Botelho, (ed.), Churchwardens’ accounts of Cratfield, 1640–1660 Christopher Chalklin, The rise of the English town, 1650–1850 J. M. Beattie, Policing and punishment in London, 1660–1750 Richard Wilson and Alan Mackley, Creating paradise: the building of the English country house, 1660–1880 M. E. Turner, J. V. Beckett, and B. Afton, Farm production in England, 1700–1914 John E. Archer, Social unrest and popular protest in England, 1780–1840 Stanley Chapman, (ed.), The autobiography of David Whitehead of Rawtenstall, 1790–1865 Ian Inkster, Colin Griffin, Jeff Hill, and Judith Rowbotham, ((eds.)), The golden age: essays in British social and economic history, 1850–1870 K. D. M. Snell and Paul S. Ell, Rival Jerusalems: the geography of Victorian religion William Kenefick, ‘Rebellious and contrary’: the Glasgow dockers, c. 1853 to c. 1932 F. M. L. Thompson, Gentrification and the enterprise culture: Britain, 1780–1980 Alan Booth, The British economy in the twentieth century Richard Whiting, The Labour Party and taxation: party identity and political purpose in twentieth–century Britain Duncan Tanner, Pat Thane, and Nick Tiratsoo, (eds.), Labour’s first century Asa Briggs, Michael Young: social entrepreneur David Kynaston, The City of London, IV: A club no more, 1945–2000 Zofia Archibald, John Davies, Vincent Gabrielsen, and G. J. Oliver, (eds.), Hellenistic economies Michael Wintle, An economic and social history of the Netherlands, 1800–1920: demographic, economic and social transition Bernd Widdig, Culture and inflation in Weimar Germany S. R. Epstein, (ed.), Town and country in Europe, 1300–1800 Peter Scholliers, (ed.), Food, drink and identity: cooking, eating and drinking in Europe since the middle ages Robert Fox and Anna Guagnini, Laboratories, workshops, and sites: concepts and practices of research in industrial Europe, 1800–1914 E. Damsgaard Hansen, European economic history: from mercantilism to Maastricht and beyond Thabit A. J. Abdullah, Merchants, mamluks, and murder: the political economy of trade in eighteenth–century Basra Russell R. Menard, Migrants, servants and slaves: unfree labor in colonial British America Mary B. Rose, Firms, networks and business values: the British and American cotton industries since 1750 Andrew Godley, Jewish immigrant entrepreneurship in New York and London, 1880–1914: enterprise and culture Donna J. Rilling, Making houses: crafting capitalism Brian Kelly, Race, class, and power in the Alabama coalfields, 1908–21 Margaret B.W. Graham and Alec T. Shuldiner, Corning and the craft of innovation Davis Dyer and Daniel Gross, The generations of Corning: the life and times of a global corporation Stanley L. Engerman and Robert E. Gallman, (eds.), The Cambridge economic history of the United States, III: the twentieth century Stan J. Liebowitz and Stephen E. Margolis, Winners, losers and Microsoft: competition and antitrust in high technology Steven Tolliday, (ed.), The economic development of modern Japan, 1868–1945: from Meiji restoration to the Second World War Alice Bullard, Exile to paradise: savagery and civilization in Paris and the South Pacific, 1790–1900 Peter Redfield, Space in the tropics: from convicts to rockets in French Guiana Robert Conlon and John Perkins, Wheels and deals: the automotive industry in twentieth–century Australia James C. Riley, Rising life expectancy: a global history Peter N. Stearns, Consumerism in world history: the global transformation of desire Angela Redish, Bimetallism: an economic and historical analysis Ted Wilson, Battles for the standard: bimetallism and the spread of the gold standard in the nineteenth century Howard Temperley, (ed.), After slavery: emancipation and its discontents Chris Wrigley, (ed.), The First World War and the international economy Andrew Britton, Monetary regimes of the twentieth century     

广州体育学院40至49岁教职工体育锻炼对健康状况影响的研究

本研究通过对广州体育学院40至49岁教职工的健康状况、工作生活、体育锻炼等情况进行调查，探讨该人群健康状况和体育锻炼的情况，为改善广州体育教职工健康状况提供参考。本研究采用问卷调查结合实验测量的方法，调查访问了广州体育学院40至49岁教师职工（男性146人，女性112人），问卷内容包括基本信息、工作性质、和参与体育锻炼等情况信息。测试指标包括身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压、空腹血糖、总固胆醇、甘油三脂、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇共10项。通过问卷划分不经常体育锻炼人群和经常体育锻炼人群，结合他们的各项指标数据，通过数理统计分析不同运动水平的健康风险。所有调查问卷和测试数据都经过严格审查后录入EXCEL系统，分类整理后输入SPSS19.0，采用频数统计、描述统计和独立样本T检验和LOGISTIC回归分析等统计方法对数据进行统计分析，获得统计结果。     

RCEP关税减让对各成员国的经济影响分析

大幅度削减成员国间关税是RCEP协议的核心内容,为了揭示RCEP成员国间关税减让的经济影响,文章首先分析了RCEP成员国间贸易现状、产品结构、进口关税和贸易竞争力,然后,运用GTAP模型模拟RCEP关税减让对各成员国宏观经济和产出的影响,得到结论如下：（1）RCEP关税减让可以缓解中美贸易摩擦对于中国经济的不利影响;（2）就短期而言,RCEP成员国间关税减让可以提高中国、日本、韩国和澳大利亚的GDP、社会福利、居民收入和消费水平等宏观经济效益,同时,还可以提高中国、韩国、澳大利亚、东盟的总产出水平;（3）就长期来说,实施零关税可能显著提升RCEP大多数成员国的宏观经济效益和产出水平。     

新型基础设施建设的投融资模式与路径探索

新型基础设施是以适应新一轮科技革命变革需要为导向,以连接为基础,以计算为核心,支撑数据的感知、连接、汇聚、融合、分析、决策、执行、安全等各环节运行,并提供智能化产品和服务的新一代数字基础设施体系,具有技术更新迭代快、软硬兼备、协同融合等主要特征。下一步,可以将5G、云计算、人工智能、工业互联网、区块链等领域为重点突破口,运用市场化、多样化创新金融工具,协同整合政府财政资金、开发性金融资金和商业金融资金弥补投融资资金缺口。同时,要明确市场的主导和建设角色,强化政府引导职能,进一步完善投融资体制,激发各类市场主体投资活力,鼓励商业模式创新,培育应用场景。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND
P. R. Coss, Lordship, knighthood and locality: a study in English society , c. 1180 -c. 1280
Ian W. Archer, The history of the Haberdashers'Company
David Harris Sacks, The widening gate: Bristol and the Atlantic economy, 1450-1700
Beverly Lemire, Fashion's favourite: the cotton trade and the consumer in Britain, 1660-1800 .
Stanley Chapman, Merchant enterprise in Britain from the industrial revolution to World War I
Gerry Kearns and Charles W. J. Withers, eds., Urbanising Britain: essays on class and community in the nineteenth century
S. W. F. Holloway, The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1841-1991: a political and social history
Eleanor Gordon, Women and the labour movement in Scotland, 1850-1914
Chris Wrigley and John Shepherd, eds., On the move: essays in labour and transport history presented to Philip Bagwell
Derek Fraser, ed., Cities, class and communication: essays in honour of Asa Briggs
GENERAL
Judith Eisenberg Vichniac, The management of labor: the British and French iron industries, 1860-1918
Kenneth Moulé, Managing the franc Poincaré: economic understanding and political constraint in French monetary policy, 1928-1936
Anthony H. Galt, Far from the church bells: settlement and society in an Apulian town
Sheila Fitzpatrick, Alexander Rabinowitch, and Richard Stites, eds., Russia in the era of NEP: explorations in Soviet society and culture
James D. Tracy, ed., The political economy of merchant empires: state power and world trade, 1350-1750
Jonathan Barry and Colin Jones, eds., Medicine and charity before the welfare state
Rudolph J. Vecoli and Suzanne M. Sinke, eds., A century of European migrations, 1830-1930
Barbara L. Solow, ed., Slavery and the rise of the Atlantic system
Ira Berlin and Philip D. Morgan, eds., The slaves'economy: independent production by slaves in the Americas     

中国科技创新研究热点及演化的可视化分析

针对C N K I数据库中1998—2020年科技创新研究的2853篇文献,运用科学计量学方法,对中国科技创新的研究热点及演化开展研究.借助CiteSpace 5.7.R2可视化工具,绘制中国科技创新研究的知识图谱,主要包括关键词共现分析和突变分布、关键词聚类分析、关键词时间线分析和时区分析.研究表明,创新是引领发展的第一动力,中国始终坚持创新驱动发展,把科技创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置,加快建设科技强国.但科技创新研究在不同时期的侧重点有所不同:2000—2006年,农业科技创新、高校科技创新、研究型大学、科技创新体系与机制等成为主流的研究热点;2006—2012年,科技创新体系、指标体系、知识产权、科技创新对策、技术创新、科技创新评价、科技创新能力、科技创新人才成为研究热点;2012—2020年,中国科技创新的研究热点主要集中在科技创新政策、创新驱动等方面.     

Poverty in Zambia: Levels,patterns and trends

This article presents the results of the analysis of levels, patterns and trends in the incidence of poverty in Zambia between 1991 and 1998, based on data captured in nationally representative surveys. In 1998, about 73 per cent of the households in Zambia were poor, the majority of which were extremely poor. Most poor households were in rural areas, with wide inter- and intra-provincial and district variations. The incidence of poverty also varied according to employment status and sector, as well as by district, gender, marital status, education and stratum of head of the household. In general, households headed by females, those without any formal education, unpaid family workers, the inactive, the self-employed, and those in agriculture, forestry and fishing recorded the highest incidence of poverty, with those employed in private households being affected the worst. In spite of the general increase in poverty nationally, most rural provinces registered declines while urban areas experienced increases in the incidence of poverty during the period under review. Furthermore, except for the agricultural/forestry, mining and quarrying, and electricity and gas sectors, the incidence of poverty increased in all the other sectors while remaining almost the same in the real estate sector. The direction and magnitude in the incidence of poverty between 1991 and 1998 were also associated with gender, education, employment status, employment sector, and residence of head of the household, as well as size of the household. Based on the analysis, the article strongly recommends revision in the measurement of poverty, investigation of the types of coping strategies adopted by the poor, and the extent to which these impact on the general well-being and productivity of vulnerable households in Zambia. The need for more qualitative data has also been highlighted.     

Reviews

E. B. Fryde, William de la Pole, merchant and king's banker, (1366) (Hambledon Press, 1988. Pp Grenville Astill and Annie Grant, eds., The countryside of medieval England (Oxford: Blackwell, 1988. Pp London Susan Dwyer Amussen, An ordered society: gender and class in early modern England (Oxford: Blackwell, 1988. Pp The Open University Eric Kerridge, Trade and banking in early modern England (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1988. Pp Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge Roger B. Manning, Village revolts: social protest and popular disturbances in England, 1509-1640 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988. Pp Lucinda McCray Beier, Sufferers and healers: the experience of illness in seventeenth-century England (Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987. Pp Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, Oxford J. S. Hurt, Outside the mainstream: a history of special education (Batsford, 1988. Pp D.G. Wright, Popular radicalism: the working-class experience, 1780-1880 (London and New York: Lonsman. 1988. Po. x + 211. Paperback 5.95) Boyd Hilton, The age of atonement: the influence of evangelicalism on social and economic thought, 1795-1865 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988. Pp Wadham College, Oxford Lilian Lewis Shiman, Crusade against drink in Victorian England (Macmillan, 1988. Pp Stewart Angas Weaver, John Fielden and the politics of popular radicalism, 1832-1847 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987. Pp Alan Armstrong, Farmworkers: a social and economic history, 1770-1980 (Batsford, 1988. Pp Frank Neal, Sectarian violence: the Liverpool experience, 1819-1914: an aspect of Anglo-Irish history (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987. Pp Judy Slinn, Linklaters & Paines: the first one hundred and fifty years (Longman, 1988. Pp City of London Polytechnic W. J. Reader, The history of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1871-1971 (Peter Peregrinus Ltd. on behalf of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1987. Pp William P. Kennedy, Industrial structure: capital markets and the origins of British economic decline (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Pp David Hey, Family history and local history in England (Longman, 1987. Pp Geoffrey Jones (ed.), British multinationals: origins, management and performance (Aldershot: Gower, 1986. Pp Bernard Wakes, A class society at war: England, 1914-1918 (Berg, 1987. Pp The Open University Anne Crowther, British social policy, 1914-1939 (Macmillan, 1988. Pp London School of Economics & Political Science G. S. Peden, Keynes, the Treasury and British economic policy (Macmillan, 1988. Pp Brunei University Roger Price, A social history of nineteenth-century France (Hutchinson, 1987. Pp Peter D. Slachura (ed.), Unemployment and the great depression in Weimar Germany (Macmillan, 1986. Pp King's College, London Peter Hayes, Industry and ideology: IG Farben in the Nazi era (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Pp Princeton University John H. Pryor, Geography, technology and war: studies in the maritime history of the Mediterranean, 649-1571 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp David Cressy, Coming over: migration and communication between England and New England in the seventeenth century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp Polytechnic of North London Marcus Rediker, Between the devil and the deep blue sea: merchant seamen, pirates, and the Anglo-American maritime world, 1700-1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Pp Dalhousie University W. Ross Yates, Joseph Wharton, Quaker industrial pioneer (London: Golden Cockerell Press/Associated University Presses, 1988. Pp London School of Economics & Political Science David Eltis, Economic growth and the ending of the transatlantic slave trade (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp Rider College, New Jersey David C. Klingaman and Richard K. Vedder, (eds.,) Essays on the economy of the old northwest (Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1987. Pp Harold van B. Cleveland and Thomas F. Huertas, Citibank, 1812-197O (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp Burton W. Folsom, Jr., Entrepreneurs vs the state: a new look at the rise of big business in America, 1840-1920 (Young America's Foundation, 1987. Pp John Opie, The law of the land: two hundred years of American farmland policy (Lincoln, Nebraska and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1988. Pp M. J. Heale Wayne Lewchuk, American technology and the British vehicle industry (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Pp Michael A. Bernstein, The Great Depression: delayed recovey and economic change in America, 1929-1939 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp Himanshu Prabha Ray, Monastery and guild: commerce under the Satavahanas (Delhi: Oxford University Press. 1987. Pn. vr + 13.50) Ashin Das Gupta and M. N. Pearson, India and the Indian Ocean, 1500-1800 (Calcutta: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp Pembroke College, Cambridge Amiya Kumar Bagchi, The evolution of the State Bank of India. Vol. I: The roots, 1806-1876. Part I. The early years, 1806-1860; Part II. Diversity and regrouping, 1860-1876 (Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1987. Part I: Pp Keijiro Otsuka, Gustave Ranis, Gary Saxonhouse, Comparative technology choice in development: the Indian and Japanese cotton textile industries (Macmillan, 1988. Pp London School of Economics and Political Science Frank H. H. King, The history of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. Volume I, The Hongkong and Shanghai Bank in late imperial China, 1864-1902: on an even keel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Pp Victor Bulmer-Thomas, The political economy of Central America since 1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Pp Bill Albert and Adrian Graves, (eds.), The world sugar economy in war and depression, 1914-40 (London and New York: Routledge, 1988. Pp     

Book Reviews

Dietmar Rothermund, The Global Impact of the Great Depression 1929–39
Edmund Terence Gomez and K.S. Jomo, Malaysia's Political Economy: Politics, Patronage and Profits
Susan M. Butterworth, Quality Bakers of New Zealand: The First 25 Years
A.D. Chandler, Jr., F. Amatori, and T. Hikino, (eds), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations
Doanld O. Mitchell, Merlinda D. Ingco, and Ronald C. Duncan, The World Food Outlook
Simon Marginson, Educating Australia: Government, Economy and Citizen Since 1960     

Reviews

REVIEW OF PERIODICAL LITERATURE IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY, 1988
R.H. Britnell, Growth and decline in Colchester, 1300-1525
J.G. Bellamy, Bastard feudalism and the law
Christopher Dyer, Standards of living in the later middle ages: social change in England c.1200-1520
R.A. Houston and I.D. Whyte, eds., Scottish society, 1500-1800
D.W. Jones, War and economy in the age of William in and Marlborough
John Brewer, The sinews of power: war, money and the English state, 1688-1783
Rex Pope, ed., Atlas of British social and economic history since c.1700
R.S. Fitton, The Arkwrights, spinners of fortune
Charles W. Munn, Clydesdale Bank, the first 150 years
Daniel R. Headrick, The tentacles of progress: technology transfer in the age of imperialism, 1850-1940
Lucio Sponza, Italian immigrants in nineteenth-century Britain: realities and images
Nicholas Fishwick, English football and society, 1910-1950
P.E. Dewey, British agriculture in the First World War
Richard Wall and Jay Winter, eds., The upheaval of war: family, work and welfare, 1914-1918
Chris Nyland, Reduced worktime and the management of production
Andrew Fenton Cooper, British agricultural policy, 1912-36: a study in Conservative politics
Kathleen Burk, The first privatization: the politicians, the City and the denationalization of steel