Monopoly, Monopsony, and Union Strength and Local Market Wage Differentials

A bstract . The study of the influence of product market monopoly, local labor market monopsony , and union strength on market wage differentials is the purpose of this paper. Accordingly, the related theoretical propositions are examined, synthesized and extended to explain more fully observed variations in local labor market wages. In contrast to previous investigations, this study considers several varied occupations at once, encompasses nineteen different two digit SIC industries , and computes market wage data using observations on individuals from the 1970 census. The results indicate that the extent of unionism and employer monopsony contribute significantly to the explanation of market wage differentials, while the product market concentration , and its interaction with unionism does not.     

降低储蓄利息所得税税率的积极效应

第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议修改后的个人所得税法第12条规定：从2007年8月15日起，储蓄利息所得税的税率由20％凋低为5％。这一重大举措，无论对我国税种的开征贯彻税收公平原则，还是对整个经济的稳定发展，以及增加居民可支配收入，体现党和国家关心、重视民生问题，都将具有积极的意义。     

The Impact of Interest Rates and The Housing Market on The UK Economy

The Chancellor has asked Professor David Miles to examine the UK market for longer-term fixed rate mortgages. This paper by Adrian Cooper, which is part of a study commissioned by the Miles Review, presents the results of a series of simulations using the OEF Model of the UK economy to investigate the contribution of the housing market to macroeconomic volatility and the implications of changing the structure of mortgage finance from the current variable rate system linked to short-term interest rates to a fixed rate system linked to long rates. The main findings are that the housing market has been a contributor to past volatility in the UK economy, and that moving to a fixed rate structure would reduce the impact of a change in interest rates on key macroeconomic indicators.     

垄断与行业收入差距影响因素的实证研究

本文选取2007～2011年中国多个行业的相关数据,通过分析企业管理费用,对工资外收入的统计来源进行研究,以航空运输业和医药制造业为例,对影响行业间收入差距的因素做了实证研究.实证分析表明,垄断因素是造成行业间收入差距的最主要原因,其对行业间收入差距的贡献程度达到75％以上;人力资本对行业间收入差距的贡献很低;外商投资比例和成本费用利润率对行业间收入差距有一定贡献,并且对缩小行业间的收入差距有重要意义.     

银行垄断势力、融资约束与现金-现金流敏感性

当前我国企业面临的一个重要问题是融资约束,银行贷款是企业间接融资最主要的渠道,而我国银行业市场结构高度集中是困扰我国企业融资的重要原因。本文利用勒纳指数计算出银行垄断势力的大小,并利用现金-现金流敏感性模型进行实证研究,探究银行垄断势力对企业融资约束的影响,结果表明我国企业存在明显的融资约束,银行垄断势力的存在会进一步加强企业融资约束,其中,中小企业受到的影响更为严重。     

行业垄断对收入差距影响的实证分析

文章对行业间收入差距和行业内部收入差距进行了描述性统计分析,然后利用2010~2011年样本工业行业的数据估算出行业明瑟(Mincer)工资收入方程,进而用费景汉-拉尼斯分解方法分析了选定的行业特征对行业收入差距的贡献度。在此基础上,利用奥希卡-布林德(Oaxaca-Blinder)分解方法对垄断性行业与竞争性行业之间的收入差距进行了分析。最后,还利用菲尔兹(G·Fields)分解方法对垄断性行业与竞争性行业各自内部的收入差距进行了分析。研究结果表明:行业垄断程度对行业间收入差距的影响最大;行业职工受教育程度对垄断性行业与竞争性行业之间的收入差距解释力不够,垄断性行业的高收入在很大程度上是不合理的;行业职工受教育程度对垄断性行业内部的收入差距几乎没有影响,而对竞争性行业内部的收入差距产生了一定的影响。     

名义利率与通货膨胀:对我国费雪效应的再检验——基于门限回归模型分析

本文利用我国1990年1月至2007年2月的月度数据,通过建立门限模型考察我国是否存在费雪效应.实证研究的结果发现,模型具有显著的门限效应,且门限数目为2.进一步的分析表明:在不同的通胀水平下,名义利率与通胀之间的关系并不一致.温和通胀状态下,存在部分费雪效应,通胀率上升1%,名义利率将提高0.43%;高通胀状态下,也存在部分费雪效应,通胀率上升1%,名义利率仅提高0.23%;而在通货紧缩状态下,费雪效应完全不存在,此时名义利率与通胀之间没有显著关系.     

低工资标准和工资集体协商机制是根本解决收入分配恶化的无他选择和必经途径(一)

目前中国收入分配不平等问题有十分复杂的原因,温家宝总理在今年的<政府工作报告>中提出了要从三个方面解决收入分配不平等向题,即国民收入分配格局的失衡、垄断性高收入和非法收入.这三个方面是当前中国收入分配不平等的主要方面,解决起来将全方位地触动所有既得利益集团.可想而知.其困难和阻力将是全面的、巨大的,包括理论障碍和现实顾虑.所以,虽然收入分配改革是今年人大的重点内容,但是改革方案却迟迟未能出台.     

超额累进企业所得税率测算

在研究超额累进企业所得税理论依据和必要性的基础上,选取苏南某地级市2013年企业所得税相关数据,借鉴国外相关经验,测算超额累进企业所得税级次、级距与税率,论证超额累进企业所得税的优越性,以推进我国企业所得税制的改革。     

我国国债利率期限结构研究

本文简要地阐述了利率期限结构理论,并对国内外的有关利率期限结构的模型进行了评述。在国内的国债利率期限结构模型的基础上,根据现有的数据,分析了我国国债利率期限结构曲线的变动趋势并提出了预测模型。     

National Income and the Black Economy

Unemployment turned out to be far less influential in deciding voting patterns in the election than Labour and Alliance leaders had predicted. This may have been because the real volume of unemployment is far less than the official figure. Kent Matthews presents evidence, based on the Liverpool University economic model, that true unemployment may be as little as 1.8 million, with the other 1.4 of registered unemployed hard at work in the black economy. In the world of knowledge, the last thing to be perceived and only with great difficulty is the essetial form.     

不同借贷利率条件下投资组合的最优选择

对缩减中国农业关税率之后所产生的影响进行计量分析，是一个值得关注的课题。为此，本文首先构建了对多地区(或多国家)、多部门进行计量分析的空间性应用一般均衡模型(SCGE)。然后在将中国农业关税率缩减30％的假定下，对中国以及其他国家在产品价格、需求及受益水平等方面所带来的影响进行了模拟分析。     

Mean Reversion of Interest Rates in the Eurocurrency Market

One stylised fact to emerge from the empirical analysis of interest rates is that the unit-root hypothesis in nominal interest rates cannot be rejected. However, using the panel date unit-root test IM, Pesaran and Shin (1997), we find support for the mean-reverting property of Eurocurrency rates. Thus, neither a vector-error-correction model nor a vector autoregressive model in differences is appropriate for modelling Eurocurrency rates. Instead, conventional modelling strategies with level data are appropriate. Furthermore, the finding of stationary interest rates supports uncovered interest parity, and hence the convergence hypothesis of interest rates. This in turn suggests a limited role for a monetary authority to affect domestic interest rates.     

效率工资、效率工资增长模型

本文首先介绍了效率工资的经典模型——夏皮罗一斯蒂格里兹模型,探讨了效率工资的形成以及非自愿失业出现的原因,及失业的“威胁”作用。另外,本文在符合效率工资模型的基本假定条件下,融合代理理论和强制性储蓄假说,构建了效率工资增长模型,提出了效率工资增长模型的关键等式,且由等式隐含地决定了效率工资的最优增长率。此外,还分别分析了效率工资的最优增长率与贴现率、厂商生产技术和工人偏好之间的关系。最后,探讨了最优就业路径和调整成本问题等等。     

Long-run Causality, with an Application to International Links Between Long-term Interest Rates

In this paper we give a precise definition of long-run causality in a multivariate non-stationary, possibly cointegrated, framework. A variable is said to be causal for another in the long-run if knowledge of the past of the former improves long-run predictions of the latter. In a VAR framework, we show that long-run non-causality can be easily tested with a Wald statistics, conditionally on the cointegration rank. The methodology is used to study long-run causal links between US, German, and French long-term interest rates from January 1990 to June 1997.     

我国电力行业的自然垄断效率分析

本文通过建立计量模型,从行业利润率和全要素效率两方面实证分析了我国电力行业的自然垄断效率变化。