转轨经济背景下中国经济调控政策的效用分析

我国经济体制在发生着翻天覆地的改变,传统的经济体系已经远远无法在适应于当前社会发展的需要,市场经济体制逐渐成为了现代经济社会发展的主体.尤其是在当前的经济背景下,我国相关经济研究人员更应该加强建立完善的经济调控政策制度,对市场经济中存在的波动风险进行有效的控制,从而促进我国经济长远持续的发展.为此,通过结合自身多年的工作经验,针对转轨经济背景下中国经济调控政策的效用进行研究讨论,得出以下相关结论,以供参考.     

消除就业歧视的法律对策分析

在解决就业歧视的问题上,法律只是一个刚性最大的手段而已,更为关键的是如何提高就业者的劳动技能和权利意识,并辅以之法律作为保障的工具和手段,提高雇主就业歧视的违法成本,进而缓解我国社会当前愈演愈烈的就业歧视现象。     

国际直接投资产业集聚效应的计量分析

<正>近年来,随着经济全球化,国际直接投资(FDI)纷纷投向中国,但投资的地区空间分布极其不平衡,呈现出显著的集聚特征。国际直接投资在国内一些产业集群的形成中起着非常关键的作用,国内产业集群的形成主要依靠两种模式,第一种是市场创造模式,第二种是资本迁移模式。在资本迁移模式下的产业集群中．外资企业的集群生存刺激了产业集群的出现。外商直接投资不仅增加了区域经济发展中的资本变量和技术变量,也通过规模经济和创造市场,优化了区域经济的要素配置。无论是规模经济还是市场创造,区域内的产业集群都是一种重要载体,和外商直接投资存有某种内在的联系。本文旨在通过计量研究和实证分析,进一步探讨FDl和产业集聚的内在联系。     

Wage and Price Inflation in Poland in the Period of Transition: The Cointegration Analysis

The paper focuses on the long run relationships between wages, prices and labour productivity in the Polish economy by applying recent developments in the field of multivariate cointegration analysis. We followed modeling strategy which is suggested by Greenslade et al. (1999) and present all stages of the analysis which leads to the fully economically identified system of equations representing long run relationships. The investigation is based on the quarterly data from 1992.1 to 1999.2 which covers the period of transition of the Polish economy from the centrally planned system towards the market one. Basing on the empirical results we can argue that wages (costs) were one of the main forces driving inflation in Poland during that period. Also labor productivity proved to be stimulated by the increase of the real wages. On the other hand the hypothesis concerning the relationship between wages and unemployment was rejected by the data.     

House Prices and Housing Investment in Sweden and the UK: Econometric Analysis for the Period 1970–1998

We estimate quarterly dynamic housing demand and investment supply models for Sweden and the UK for the sample period 1970–1998, using an Error Correction Method (ECM). To facilitate comparisons of results between Sweden and the UK we model both countries identically with approximately almost the similar type of exogenous variables. The long–run income elasticities for Sweden and the UK are constrained to be 1.0, respectively. The long–run semi–elasticity for interest rates are 2.1 and 0.9 for Sweden and the UK. The speed of adjustment on the demand side is 0.12 and 0.23, while on the supply side it is 0.06 and 0.48 for Sweden and the UK, respectively. Granger causality tests indicate that income Granger causes house prices for Sweden, while for the UK there is also feedback from house prices to income. House prices Granger cause financial wealth for Sweden, while for the UK it is vice–versa. House prices cause household debt for Sweden, while for the UK there is a feedback from debt. Interest rates Granger cause house prices for the UK and Sweden. In both countries Tobin's q Granger cause housing investment. Generally, the diagnostic tests indicate that the model specifications were satisfactory to the unknown data generating process.     

我国社会转型时期腐败问题的经济学分析

本文对我国社会转型时期腐败产生的复杂性和腐败危害的严重性进行了深入分析,从制度规范角度探讨了遏制腐败的问题。     

转型时期制度变迁对我国经济增长影响的实证分析

我国现在进行的改革开放必然会引起制度的变迁,而从经济学理论上讲,制度的变迁又会对经济的发展产生巨大影响。文中制度这一因素引入经济增长模型,并量化测度了制度变迁,并进行实证分析。结果表明,改革开放30多年来我国的制度变迁对经济的增长具有巨大的促进作用。而目前,我国的体制改革尚未完成,仍有较大的制度变迁空间,所以制度创新与变革仍然是我国未来较长一段时期内经济增长的重要动力源泉。     

转轨时期金融组织成长与经济绩效的关联性--区域差异的考察与分析

本文考察了我国转轨时期各个地区金融组织成长与经济绩效的关联性问题，通过金融组织视角探究我国东中西部发展存在巨大差距的原因。本文通过实证分析，认为金融组织通过规模的扩张特别是非银行金融组织规模的扩张，从业人员素质的提高，市场化进程，对一个地区的经济有实质性贡献。因此，可以认为金融组织成长快的地区，经济绩效显著；金融组织成长慢的地区，经济绩效欠佳。要缩小这一绩效差距，就不能忽视各个地区金融组织成长问题。     

Tournament Structure of Managerial Pay: Evidence from the Transition Period

This paper uses matched employer–employee data to study the structure of managerial compensation. The evidence supports key predictions from tournament theory. First, the managerial pay differential between organizational levels is non‐decreasing as one goes up the corporate ladder. This result is robust to controlling for human capital characteristics and firm fixed effects. I document a particularly large increment in the pay differential at the top of a firm's hierarchy. Second, the winner's prize in the CEO tournament increases with the number of competitors for the CEO position. Last, high wage dispersion is associated with high firm performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

计量模型中的加总偏误识别与检验

采用逐步分类加总方法,运用美加与欧盟五国大豆贸易经验数据,依据加总的一般形式对欧盟转基因政策贸易效应研究中的加总偏误问题进行分路径、分步骤的识别与检验,考察加总偏误的存在性及偏误来源,有效诊断加总过程内生性存在的路径与节点。根据有限剔除法将部分内生性因素进行剔除,分析结果显示修正模型中的加总偏误得到显著改善。     

军校办学转型的内驱力——教员转型的对策分析

办学转型是目前大多数军队院校发展的新选择,而办学转型的内驱力是教员转型。需要从提高认识、与部队"亲密接触"、完善评价机制三个方面来实现教员的转型,进而驱动办学转型。     

Distinctive Features of Environmental Innovators: An Econometric Analysis

This paper analyzes the main determinants influencing environmental innovators (i.e. firms developing or adopting environmental innovations) in Spain with respect to non‐environmental innovators. Similarly to other contributions in the literature, our results show that Spanish environmental innovators respond to regulatory stimulus in the form of demand‐pull and technology‐push instruments. They have a high internal technological capability and combine internal and external information sources, mostly in cooperation with knowledge institutions. Environmental innovators are more concentrated in mature, traditionally highly polluting sectors, but new firms are not more environmentally innovative than incumbents. Most importantly, in contrast to other environmental innovation studies, mostly carried out in a German context, we have not found evidence of a market pull from either the domestic or international markets. Furthermore, cost savings are not found to be a distinctive driver for environmental innovators. These differential results are possibly related to the special features of Spain regarding its national innovation system and the degree of stringency of environmental regulation and environmental consciousness of its consumers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Weight Discrimination: A Multidisciplinary Analysis

Protection against obesity discrimination is extremely limited under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). No obese plaintiff has won using the actual disability theory, but a few have won under the perceived disability theory. Weight-related appearance standards are legal. We estimate weight-based wage penalties for young men and women. We find that mildly obese (20% over standard weight) white women experience greater wage penalties than black men experience for weight that is 100% over standard weight. Men do not experience wage penalties until their weight exceeds standard weight by over 100 lb. A gender-plus analysis under Title VII is more appropriate than the ADA for addressing the weight-based wage penalties that women experience.