成本粘性问题探讨

<正>一、成本性态假设:传统观点与现代研究(一)成本性态的传统假设成本性态是指成本与业务量之间的关系。传统观点假设成本与业务量存在线性关系,并根据成本变动与业务量水平的关系,将成本分为固定成本、     

成本性态浅析

随着经济的不断发展,理论知识的不断完善,当今时代成本性态在管理会计中的应用越来越广泛,也变得越来越重要。但是随着其运用的广泛,诸多的问题也随之而来。本文从成本性态划分的局限、成本性态分析模糊以及成本粘性普遍存在这三个方面来分析成本性态在管理会计应用中存在的问题,通过分析成本性态在管理会计应用中存在的三个问题的原因,提出成本性态新解这一概念、合理应用成本性态分析和加强政府制度建设与企业成本控制三方面来进行,提高会计人员的分析结果质量与提高管理者决策的质量。     

基于决策方式的决策成本关系浅析

一、引言决策活动是企业领导者的基本职能之一。决策者最主要的决策动因是"以最小的投入换取最大的收益"。     

并购成本对企业并购决策的作用分析

企业在决定是否实施并购时通常都有其主要的决策依据。传统理论多从战略角度研究影响企业并购决策的因素。与之不同，本文立足干企业并购成本，论述了并购成本对企业并购决策的作用机制，阐明并购成本对于企业并购决策的重要性，并且结合实际指出导致中国企业并购发展缓慢的重要原因在于过高的并购成本。     

认知偏差与沉没成本决策相关性

PREFACE/前言本文从认知心理学角度阐述沉没成本决策相关性的广义理性逻辑,打破新古典经济学沉没成本决策无关性命题,从而表明沉没成本决策相关性存在本身就是在认知偏差约束条件下的一种理性行为。因此,一方面,需要承认沉没成本决策相关性存在的普遍性:另一方面需要提高认知能力,采取恰当的正式和非正式制度安排克服沉没成本决策相关性,加强沉没成本管理,从而创造出一个可竞争的市场经济体制。     

项目决策的隐性成本剖析

成本是工程项目的生命线,成本高低直接决定项目的效益与质量。一般情况下,企业只是重视料、工、费等显性成本,而忽视了由于决策者素质不高、信息不足、观念错误以及非市场因素等原因造成的决策错误或失误而直接或间接带来的项目总成本的增加,即隐性成本。本文对此予以探讨。     

对房地产企业财务成本管理相关问题的探讨

随着国民经济突飞猛进的发展,房地产得到众多企业家的重视,已经成为国内重要的产业之一。要想保证房地产企业长兴不衰,盈利不减,就要提高企业的实力、增强竞争力、完善管理体制。而财务管理又是企业管理的核心,因此通过对房地产企业财务成本的管理是提高企业经济效益的有效手段。     

资本成本决策研究

在公司建立之初,企业就需要进行融资,目前资本市场的逐步发展为企业的融资渠道和融资形式都提供了很多的选择,但是,这意味着对企业资本成本的计算的难度提高了很多.企业为获取尽可能多的利润就必须对资本成本进行研究,特别是在项目投资过程中的资本成本决策研究,对于企业而言是非常重要的.因此,笔者分析资本成本的概念以及在企业中的角色,然后就其目前的发展现状和原因进行概略的阐述,最后提出了资本成本研究的展望.     

机会成本滞后效应的提出以及其对决策者决策影响的研究

本文在深化对机会成本理解的基础上提出了机会成本滞后效应的概念。机会成本滞后效应在决策者决策过程中普遍存在,本文研究的意义在于帮助人们了解机会成本滞后效应的内涵,通过对具体案例的分析来描述机会成本滞后效应影响决策者决策结果的作用机制,排除其对决策者决策的干扰。     

高校教育成本构成探析

随着教育事业的持续发展,高等教育的成本管理顺应需要发展起来,逐步成为高等学校财务管理的一项重要内容。明确辨析高等教育构成及内涵性质是进行高校教育成本核算、成本控制的前提和基础,具有十分重要的研究价值。在这种要求之下,本文分析了高等教育成本的内涵,教育成本的构成要素、内容及性质、介绍了中外高等教育成本的研究现状,总结出了高校教育成本的三种构成模式。     

Cost Management in the Public Sector: Legitimation Behaviour and Relevant Decision Making

This paper presents a case study where a cost management project was implemented using action research methodology at two Finnish organizations working in a purchaser–provider relationship. While the study demonstrates the efficiency‐seeking motive behind the implementation of the management accounting tool, subsequent investigation found that tool remained partly unused despite showing its potential relevance for practice through user involvement. However, this does not necessarily signal legitimation‐seeking behaviour. Reasons for not using some parts of the tool point to an overestimation of the functionality and an underestimation of implementation problems during the design process. The case also highlights the relationship between relevance and decision making.     

资源流成本会计控制决策模式研究——以日本田边公司为例

资源流转成本会计是会计学界为解决资源约束和环境污染问题提出的一种新的成本管理会计核算方法。它通过对企业各个环节的资源流转进行追踪核算,可以促进企业减少资源消耗,降低成本,实现经济效益和环境效益的协调发展。本文在总结其核算基本原理和方法的基础上,比较分析了资源流转成本核算的优势,以日本田边公司为例重点剖析了资源流成本会计的控制决策模式,旨在为企业实施经济、环境和社会协同共生的三赢管理模式提供方法借鉴,促进我国低碳经济的发展。     

Investment-Based Cost Accounting as a Fundamental Basis of Decision-Oriented Management Accounting

Decision making concerns over cost allocations, especially common cost allocations, have a long history. They are well canvassed in Thomas (1969 ) and Wells (1978 ). This article revisits the cost allocation debate, albeit in a new setting, and rehearses arguments relevant to long- and short-term decision contexts. Here a means is proposed to address those problems, namely to adopt the investment-based approach to cost accounting. This approach draws on ideas of Hotelling (1925 ), Preinreich (1938 ) and Schneider (1961 ), and applies the notion of net present value in another setting, namely to cost accounting theory. Research has revealed no discussion of this in the Anglo-American literature. This article shows analytically that the investment-based approach offers a general basis for decision-oriented cost accounting, as it combines investment theory with cost accounting and thereby connects long-term with short-term decisions. While reviewing primarily European literature, it also examines several Anglo-American works. The analysis reveals how for three classical decision problems—production program planning, purchase order lot sizes, and break-even price limits—two different types of costs, namely depreciation and material costs, have to be based on cash flows and net present value. The proposed investment-based approach permits an examination of the extent to which cost accounting concepts and cost information are relevant to those decisions. This theoretical concept is used to derive pertinent cost dimensions and to solve traditional problems of cost allocation. A caution is that the investment approach is limited to decision facilitating cost accounting. Whether it may be possible to couple it with agency theory and its focus on decision influencing has not been explored and is an issue for further research.     

Residential Construction Costs and the Supply of New Housing: Endogeneity and Bias in Construction Cost Indexes

Change in the level of residential construction affects macroeconomic conditions and is an important determinant of movements in house prices. Theory teaches us that increases in the cost of construction should reduce the supply of new housing. Yet empirical research has failed to find a consistent relationship between these costs and housing starts. This article introduces an entirely new set of micro-data on housing construction costs to study this issue. We develop quality-controlled, hedonic construction cost series from these data. Using this series, we estimate housing supply and construction cost functions for new single-family residences. This research demonstrates that bias in the commercial cost indexes used in existing housing supply studies is a likely cause of their poor performance in existing estimates of the supply of new single-family housing. The bias appears to be caused by an incorrect measure of labor costs and a failure to address the endogeneity of construction costs and construction activity. In contrast, starts regressions using the hedonic cost series generate much more sensible results. We find that housing starts are quite cost elastic; construction costs are endogenous in the new housing supply function, and the cost shares of material and labor in the structure of new residences are approximately 65 and 35%, respectively.     

University Tees: Introducing fundamentals of management accounting in a small business

This case introduces sophomore-level managerial accounting students to pricing decisions. The case also offers an opportunity to discuss the concepts of business strategy, business risk, and cost drivers. Students draw on concepts such as relevant costing, breakeven analysis, and contribution format income statements to recommend price quotes for a small business.¹     

“劳动力成本”涵义刍议

劳动力成本上升给中国经济和社会带来了深远的影响,引起了社会的广泛关注。然而至今为止对劳动力成本的涵义却还缺乏相对一致合理的共识。文章根据对现有文献关于劳动力成本概念研究的梳理,指出理解劳动力成本的涵义应该立足雇主的立场,要覆盖从劳动力同企业结合到分离全过程中企业为维持生产经营,在招用、使用、高用、退用员工过程中所承担的货币性和非货币性成本的总和。     

降低渠道成本的战略性途径研究

基于制造商的视角,站在战略的高度,渠道成本应划分为供应方成本和需求方成本两个部分.因而,降低渠道成本就是要实现供应方成本和需求方成本总额的最小化.制造商可以通过调整渠道一体化程度、渠道扁平化和改善渠道关系三种途径降低渠道供应成本,而需求方成本的降低只能通过以渠道服务产出为基准的渠道重新设计和调整来实现.     

银行监管合规成本的测度方法研究

在银行监管成本中,合规成本对银行业的经营和发展影响甚大,也是衡量监管效率的主要因素。因此,本文借鉴国际上有关国家监管当局采用的前沿做法,研究舍规成本的测度方法问题。本文论述了合规成本的基本测度思路、测度方法、需剔除的重复因素、数据收集步骤和数据分析过程,并通过分析国外有关机构的调查情况,简要说明有关测度方法的可行性和测度结论的价值性。