利益相关者满足与企业价值的相关性研究——基于我国酒店餐饮上市公司面板数据的实证分析

由于缺乏对利益相关者与企业价值间内在机理的理论分析,导致基于利益相关者的企业价值理论在指导企业经营实践中未能发挥应有的作用。本文根据价值链理论,界定了对企业价值有影响的利益相关者范围。结合期望理论,引入利益相关者满足,作为分析影响利益相关者投入继而影响企业价值的指示变量,从理论上分析了利益相关者满足影响企业价值的内在机理,指出利益相关者企业价值经营的关键在于研究利益相关者满足合理性,并进一步采用面板数据模型对我国酒店餐饮类上市公司数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明利益相关者满足与企业价值间存在着显著的相关性;通过β值的分析显示不同利益相关者的满足水平存在着不合理现象,企业存在通过不同利益相关者满足水平的调整提升企业价值的可能。     

企业成长性与利益相关者满足关系的实证研究

利益相关者的满足对促进企业的规范运营具有不可忽视的作用。本文在构建企业成 长性综合评价指标体系和利益相关者满足评价指标体系的基础上,采用结构方程模型,对企业成长性整 体及各个因素与利益相关者满足的关系进行分析,结果发现：企业成长性在总体上对利益相 关者满足呈正向影响,即企业成长性的增强,有助于提升利益相关者满足,从而反过来又吸 引各方利益相关者投入更多的资源促进企业的持续发展。从各个因素来看,企业偿债能力和 盈利能力的提升对利益相关者满足有着积极的影响,而企业规模和营运能力对利益相关者满 足的影响程度则不显著。     

企业慈善捐赠带来价值回报吗——以利益相关者满足程度为调节变量的上市公司实证研究

慈善捐赠与企业价值之间的关系是企业社会责任研究关注的热点问题。本文就利益相关者满足程度对慈善捐赠影响企业价值的调节作用,进行了理论分析和实证检验。利用中国A股上市公司2002—2008年慈善捐赠的面板数据,研究发现,慈善捐赠价值效应以利益相关者满足程度为条件,即利益相关者满足程度越高时,慈善捐赠提升企业价值的效果才会越明显。进一步的研究表明,企业资源与董事会治理水平以及市场化程度,分别弱化和强化了利益相关者满足程度在慈善捐赠价值效应中的调节作用。本研究为评价慈善捐赠对企业价值的影响提供了更深层次的思考,对企业更好地履行慈善捐赠责任亦有重要启示。     

企业核心利益相关者的利益要求——紫金矿业案例分析

随着现代企业利益关系多元化,利益相关者问题已成为企业治理安排中不可或缺的要素。本文通过紫金矿业案例分析,探索核心利益相关者的利益要求。分析表明,不同核心利益相关者群体,其利益要求以及要求的重视程度存在显著差异;核心股东更为关注企业的生存与发展能力,管理者和员工注重薪酬水平;但他们关注企业经济利益、长期生存与可持续性发展的基本利益取向一致。进一步的因子分析表明,管理者的利益要求可划归九类。不同核心利益相关者群体的利益要求实现程度存在差异,核心股东、高层管理者和中层管理者是充分实现型核心利益相关者,员工和基层管理者是尚未实现型核心利益相关者。     

企业利益相关者的利益协调与公司治理的平衡原理

企业中不同的利益相关者所追求的利益要求之间不仅会有差异，而且很可能会有冲突。本文剖析了企业中各种利益相关者利益冲突的特性，进而将公司治理的本质理解为企业利益相关者之间利益冲突的协调机制，并阐明公司治理安排的有效性取决于它是否能够动态地满足多维度的平衡要求。     

基于DEA模型的企业利益相关者关系经营效率评价研究——基于我国家电业上市公司的实证分析

随着利益相关者经营观念的不断深入,利益相关者关系影响企业财务绩效,良好的利益相关者关系是企业重要的优势资源,这一观点已得到了学术界和实业界的广泛认可,然而,对企业利益相关者关系经营的效率如何研究却较少.在深入揭示利益相关者关系与企业财务绩效之间的投入--产出关系基础上,本文以我国家电业上市公司为样本,运用DEA模型,对利益相关者关系与企业财务绩效之间的投入--产出效率进行了评价,以针对如何提高企业财务绩效提出合理化建议.     

营销价值观与组织绩效关系的实证研究:兼论企业所有制的影响

本文重点讨论了营销学中作为指导企业营销活动的价值观——市场导向与利益相关者导向的理论架构，并检验了利益相关者导向与组织绩效之间的关系。同时，还针对文献中欠缺的中国企业所有制的影响，进行了分析。研究结果发现，利益相关者导向对中国企业的组织绩效具有积极影响。但中国不同所有制的企业，在利益相关者导向和组织绩效上差异很大。     

关键利益相关者与企业绩效互动机理分析

现代企业是一个各种契约关系的集合体。有着不同目标的各个利益相关者必须在一种合作互惠的关系中共同帮助企业实现目标;每个利益相关者之所以愿意为企业做出贡献,反映了他们期望与企业的合作中获得回报。关心企业各个利益相关者的贡献和利益需求,是企业发展的基础;而实现企业关键利益相关者的利益均衡,则是企业可持续发展的关键。     

绿色创新战略中的利益相关者管理——基于江苏紫荆花公司的案例研究

与传统战略相比,绿色创新战略从单纯追求经济收益转向经济、环境和社会三重收益。这种转变使得产生竞争优势的知识越来越存在于企业的外部,尤其是位于企业现有利益相关者网络的边缘。但是现有利益相关者的理论和实践仍然紧紧关注一些众所周知的、突出的、有影响力的行为者。意识到这一挑战,本文通过江苏紫荆花纺织科技股份有限公司的黄麻绿色战略案例,发展了绿色创新战略下的边缘利益相关者管理方法:①向外扩展。基于行动研究,帮助企业识别一个足够小的,同时又能代表各种不同的知识和价值观的利益相关者团体;②向内深化。创建企业与边缘利益相关者的价值共享模型,进一步推动利益相关者理论和实践的发展。     

论企业社会责任的本质——兼与李伟先生商榷其他利益相关者在企业治理结构中的地位

基于利益相关者理论,企业的各个相关者都向企业投入了一定专用性资源,各相关者应按投入资源的比例共享企业的收益,并共同享有企业的治理权。企业社会责任的本质就是企业的各个利益相关者之间的利益分配关系和与之相联系的企业治理权配置关系。企业承担社会责任实际上就是在各利益相关者之间恰当分配企业的治理权,进而确保企业建立合适的社会责任体系来对各相关者承担相应的责任和义务,并且向各相关者履行这些责任和义务的代价占整个企业收益分配的比例,应与各相关者向企业投入的专用性资源的价值比例基本一致。只有企业的各个利益相关者分享了合适的企业治理权,才能确保企业对其履行相应的社会责任。     

独立董事的"独立性悖论"和有效行权的制度设计

目前独立董事制度尚不完善，限制了独立董事作用的有效发挥，尤其是认为独立董事的报酬激励与“独立性”互相矛盾的所谓“独立性悖论”．更是使独立董事制度前景堪忧。本文基于利益相关者理论，深入分析了独立董事独立性的内涵．认为“独立性悖论”不是不可克服的，独立董事也是企业的利益相关者之一．作为企业法人利益的维护者和其他利益相关者利益的协调人，分享企业剩余并不一定会丧失“独立性”。最后，从独立董事这一角色本身的特性出发，提出了改善现行独立董事制度的建议。     

Symbolic or substantive document? The influence of ethics codes on financial executives' decisions

With the recent spate of scandals resulting from the questionable behavior of corporate leaders, there have been calls for various governance mechanisms including ethics codes to guide executive decision‐making. However, the extent to which ethics codes are actually used by executives when making strategic choices as opposed to being merely symbolic is unknown. We develop our hypotheses by combining stakeholder management theory and the theory of planned behavior, and test them with a survey of 302 senior financial executives (e.g., CFOs, VPs of Finance). We find that financial executives are more likely to integrate their company's ethics code into their strategic decision processes if (a) they perceive pressure from market stakeholders to do so (suppliers, customers, shareholders, etc.); (b) they believe the use of ethics codes creates an internal ethical culture and promotes a positive external image for their firms; and (c) the code is integrated into daily activities through ethics code training programs. The effect of market stakeholder pressure is further enhanced when executives also believe that the code will promote a positive external image. Of particular note, we do not find that pressure from non‐market stakeholders (e.g., regulatory agencies, government bodies, court systems) has a unique impact on ethics code use. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业社会责任与财务绩效关系的实证研究——利益相关者视角的面板数据分析

本文按照资本形态的不同,将利益相关者划分为货币资本利益相关者、人力资本利益相关者、生态资本利益相关者、社会资本利益相关者,构建了企业社会责任的利益相关者模型。以46家上市公司2003—2007年的数据为依据,运用面板数据模型,研究了企业社会责任与财务绩效之间的关系。研究表明:我国上市公司已经开始关注其社会责任,但社会责任的披露信息仍然很少;大多数企业社会责任变量对当期财务绩效的影响为负;长期来看,企业履行社会责任对其财务绩效具有正向影响作用。     

Corporate brand identity co-creation in business-to-business contexts

Traditionally, corporate brand identity was considered to be directed and controlled by managers. However, more recent research has begun to recognize the limits of this view, which has led to the emergence of a stakeholder-driven, dynamic perspective, in which multiple stakeholders co-create diverse corporate brand meanings. This perspective argues that while managers have influence over the essence of the corporate brand, other stakeholders imprint and share their own interpretations. To better understand the process of corporate brand identity co-creation, we used a case study method with multiple cases, involving five small and medium sized business-to-business (B2B) corporate brands. We specifically chose B2B corporate brands, because they are often built on long-term and close relationships with diverse stakeholders, serving as a solid ground for illustrating the process of co-creation. To obtain the necessary depth of insight, we conducted 37 semi-structured interviews. Our research shows that corporate brand identity co-creation in B2B contexts is an ongoing dynamic process where multiple internal and external stakeholders engage in four different but interrelated performances: communicating; internalizing; contesting; and elucidating.     

Board reform versus profits: The impact of ratings on the adoption of governance practices

Research summary: External stakeholders frequently attempt to influence organizations' adoption of new practices through the creation of public ratings. Based on the insights of performance feedback theory, we develop the theory of organizational reactions to external ratings to explain how firms' behaviors depend on their rating scores and their profitability. A central issue in our theory is the conflict between established internal goals and goals introduced by public ratings, with public ratings receiving lower priority than established profitability goals. Our theory suggests that, contrary to the expectations of the external stakeholders, firms targeted for criticism by ratings become less likely to adopt corresponding practices when their profitability is below aspirations. These arguments are supported in data on the diffusion of corporate governance practices in Canada. Managerial summary: Firms and their products are rated and ranked by external agencies ranging from Consumer Reports to magazine rankings of admired, environmental, or well‐governed companies. We investigate whether such ratings affect firm behaviors, and especially whether they can incentivize poorly rated firms to improve their ranking when these firms' profitability is also low. Using the leading corporate governance ranking in Canada, we find that rankings could have adverse effects: when firms have both poor governance ranking and poor profitability they are less likely to adopt governance practices, contrary to the ranking creators' intentions. The findings show that there is a hierarchy of firms' goals, where the goal of profitability comes ahead of other goals imposed by external agencies through ratings and rankings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CEO compensation: A resource advantage and stakeholder‐bargaining perspective

This paper studies how CEO pay and its composition is shaped by strategic factors related to the firm's capacity to generate rents and value, the uncertainty of its resource advantage, and the competitive interaction between firm stakeholders and top management. This is done using an analytical framework in which the CEO and other firm stakeholders interact over the firm's resource surplus as utility‐maximizing claimants based on their relative bargaining power while providing shareholders their market‐based required return. Results from the model yield a number of cogent strategic insights and predictions on the causal interplay between CEO pay, firm growth and risk characteristics, stakeholder management, corporate strategy (e.g., offshoring production), and behavioral biases such as CEO optimism and overconfidence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.