我国货币市场基准利率体系有关问题探析——基于货币政策利率传导机制视角

始自1996年银行间同业拆借市场利率放开的利率市场化改革,从直接调整利率的水平、结构到尝试转变利率形成机制,经历了一条渐进的、可控的变革路径.从中央银行宏观调控的角度而言,利率市场化的过程也是货币政策调控方式从直接调控向间接调控,调控手段从数量型向价格型逐步转变的过程,而货币政策利率传导机制的健全则是实现这一转变的关键.货币市场基准利率体系的构建和完善是利率市场化的先决条件,也是畅通货币政策利率传导渠道的基础和前提.鉴于此,以利率市场化改革为背景,从健全货币政策利率传导机制的角度探讨我国货币市场基准利率体系的有关问题具有理论和政策操作上的重要意义.     

论货币政策的货币市场传导机制

伴随着对货币政策有效性的争论，货币政策传导机制问题引起理论界广泛关注。从一些发达国家的情况看，通过货币市场的作用实现货币政策目标，是货币政策传导机制中的一条基本渠道。近年来，我国货币政策传导中货币市场和利率也已经开始发挥作用。但由于我国货币市场还有待完善，利率尚没有真正实现市场化，在一定程度上限制了货币政策的有效性。随着我国宏观经济调控模式从直接调控向间接调控方式的转变，通过发展货币市场、实现利率市场化来进一步提高货币政策传导有效性，已成为当前经济研究的重要课题。     

稳健的货币政策是如何操作的?

我国贸币政策的提法，从以前的“适度从紧”到如今的“稳健”。稳健货币政策的原则是：一要灵活运用货币政策工具，适当增加货币供应量；二应及时调整信贷政策，引导贷款投向；在末实行全面的金融稳定计划；四是完善货币政策传导机制，发展货币市场，以取消对商业银行贷款规模的限额控制、频繁下调利率等操作手段，实现由直接货币政策调控体系向间接货币政策调控体系的转变。     

欧元区货币政策实践及对我国的启示

中共十八大报告中强调了要"深化金融体制改革",而利率市场化正是金融改革的重要方向之一。我国未来的货币政策调控将逐渐从数量规则向利率规则过渡。作为世界上最大的货币一体化地区,欧元区的货币政策操作中以价格调控为主,利率政策是其货币政策的主要内容。本文从长期的视角考察欧元区货币政策的制定及利率政策的实践,提出其政策操作中具有关注中期目标、政策透明度高、央行独立性强等特点,对于我国货币政策调控模式的转变将具有借鉴意义。     

我国价格型货币政策调控模式的前瞻性研究——“利率走廊”调控新范式初探

近年来,我国货币政策调控以存款准备金等数量型调控工具为主,随着利率市场化改革进入“深水区”,亟需一种能通过市场机制发挥重要作用的价格型调控机制.目前,以加拿大为代表的部分成熟经济体实行一种“利率走廊”模式的价格型调控手段并取得较好效果.本文归纳了典型国家“利率走廊”三种模式的实践经验,使用货币政策规则模型模拟了我国同业拆借利率作为操作目标利率的拟合情况,并分析了“利率走廊”在我国的实施条件.建议在我国利率市场化条件成熟时,考虑“利率走廊”这种新型调控手段,以丰富我国货币政策调控的“工具箱”.     

中央银行利率调控与传导机制的国内外比较研究

中国货币政策调控正在从数量调控为主向价格调控为主转变的过程中,价格调控 越来越重要。完善央行利率调控体系、畅通利率传导机制是货币政策调控转型过程中提升价格 调控效率的关键,也是健全货币政策和宏观审慎政策双支柱调控框架的重要内容。本文沿着央 行利率调控、利率传导路径,从中央银行调控工具与政策利率,到中介主体金融机构与金融市 场以及中间目标市场利率,再到最终目标实体经济以及微观主体企业与居民,全面地、详细地 梳理分析利率传导各个环节存在问题,并相应地借鉴国际主要经济体的央行利率调控与利率 传导机制的经验,最后针对性提出政策建议。     

长期利率对货币政策的挑战:一个述评

由于长期利率对居民和企业投资消费行为、资源配置发挥重要作用,因此,央行必须确保短期基准利率能够有效影响长期利率,才能实现货币政策最终目标。目前多数研究认为,短期利率和长期利率之间并不存在稳定的关系,影响长期利率变动的因素较为复杂,危机前一段时间,曾出现长期利率之谜现象。作者从风险溢价的角度对此进行了解释,并认为这是危机前全球流动性泛滥导致货币政策失灵的一个表现。作者在分析发达国家经济实践的基础上,提出了未来我国货币政策向价格型调控转变过程中需要处理好的几个问题。     

经济发展新常态下完善我国货币政策体系面临的挑战

构建适应和引领经济发展新常态的宏观金融调控体系,对完善我国货币政策目标体系、创新货币政策工具、优化政策工具组合、转变政策调控方式、疏通政策传导渠道和提升政策效果等提出了新的要求和挑战。经济发展新常态下,我国货币政策的最终目标将更趋多元化,目标之间的权衡取舍更加困难;中央银行在中介目标和操作目标的选择中兼顾数量目标和价格目标的平衡与转换能力的要求更高;中短期结构性政策工具虽然有利于稳增长,但需要解决中短期政策工具与长期目标之间的期限匹配、发挥政策工具的市场调节功能以及优化政策工具组合搭配等问题;货币政策调控方式转换则面临多元目标下的相机抉择向单一规则转型、调控时机把握、调控力度掌控以及利率调控模式选择等问题;货币政策传导机制将会更加复杂,效果更加不确定。客观认识新常态下货币政策的宏观调控职能,提升中央银行货币政策的独立性将有利于破解货币政策体系完善中面临的问题。     

中国式“利率走廊”机制的前景及影响

正近期,在清华大学五道口全球金融论坛上,周小川行长表示,在货币政策框架从数量型向价格型转变过程中,未来中国短期利率的调控方式将采取"利率走廊"模式。中国人民银行研究局纪敏副局长近期也撰文提到利率走廊机制的构建问题。利率走廊模式的逐步构建,可能会对我国流动性、利率、货币供应等产生重要影响,商业银行应高度重视。利率走廊机制的特征及国际实践所谓"利率走廊"(Interest Rate     

中国利率市场化三十年:回顾、问题及改革方向北大核心

在经历近三十年的改革后,我国已形成相对完善的利率体系,货币政策利率调控机制不断优化,金融产品定价更加市场化,同时各类主体利率敏感度持续提升,市场间的藩篱也逐步被打破,利率市场化改革已取得突破性进展。本文回顾了我国利率市场化改革的历史演进及最新进展,并就未来的改革重点进行总结。考虑到以间接融资为主导的融资格局短期内难以发生明显变化,以金融市场为核心的传导模式不是我国追求的目标。在价格型调控框架下,利率走廊调控机制仍有优化空间,同时控制短中期利率存在一定难度,价格型指标和数量型指标之间的关系有待厘清。其他如存款利率市场化改革尚待推进,部分主体利率敏感度有待提升、信贷资源过度占用等问题也亟待解决。本文针对上述问题进行思考,并提出相应的对策建议。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.