资源型城市的就业与社会保障

资源型城市就业困难的原因在于向市场经济转型较晚,缺少新兴部门的成长与发育,因此缺少新增就业机会。正是由于国有企业改革起步较晚,资源型城市遭受就业冲击的程度反而不如非资源城市严重。政府对城市下岗失业者的救助同时存在着过度保护和保护不足,而以就业促进为特征的积极劳动力市场政策,虽然能够改善劳动者的市场地位,但却较少得到执行,为此,国家公共财政要为改变这种情况做出努力。     

Wage Effects of Employment Protection Legislation in Taiwan

This study investigates the effects of employment protection on wages. The implementation of employment protection legislation increases employers' firing costs and reduces labor turnover, and, therefore, results in lower wages. Our empirical results show that the implementation of Taiwan's leads to a reduction in wages, the effects of which varies with the stringency of the law's enforcement. In addition, employment protection can lead to a decrease in wage dispersion, implying the worsening of job matches.     

关于大学生就业问题法律保障探究

大学生就业体现为一种权利，即就业权。法律对大学生就业的保障作用，不仅仅体现为事后的救济，更多的是要事前预防。要尽快完善法律条款，尽可能为大学生就业创造宽松的环境。高校要加大对劳动保障法律知识的宣讲力度，督促大学生学习和掌握相关法律知识，以减少法律纠纷的发生及对大学生利益的损害。更加有效地保护大学生的合法利益，大学生就业权利来源及就业现状。要针对大学生就业过程中就业歧视、无劳动合同及实习期内工伤难于认定等常见问题，提出大学生就业权利的法律保障及完善相关法律的建议。     

建立促进就业的人力资源开发制度

为缓解我国就业压力 ,就必须在人力资源开发上有新的理论和实践的突破。本文对建立促进就业的人力资源开发体系提出了新的思考。     

Setting It Right: Employment Protection,Labour Reallocation and Productivity

This paper provides a critical review of the recent empirical evidence on the links between regulations affecting the hiring and firing of workers, labour reallocation and productivity growth. It also reviews how workers affected by labour mobility fare and discusses policy options to support them. The upshot is that stringent employment protection has a sizeable negative effect on labour market flows and, through this channel, hinders productivity growth. At the same time, the evidence also shows that while greater labour market reallocation benefits many workers through higher real wages and better careers, some displaced workers lose out via longer unemployment durations and/or lower real wages in post-displacement jobs. In this context, reforms of employment protection should be considered as part of a comprehensive package that also includes an adequate safety net for the unemployed and effective re-employment services.     

日本的企业改革与终身雇佣制的新动向

终身雇佣制曾经作为日本型企业管理模式的主要特征之一,备受赞赏。但近年来对于这一雇佣制度的评价出现逆转,终身雇佣制过时论盛行。从理论上讲,终身雇佣制是支撑日本企业竞争能力的一个重要因素,日本企业不会简单抛弃;从日本企业改革的实践来看,许多企业开始减少固定工的数量,但企业对于主要的技术人员、管理人员和技术工人仍然坚持适用终身雇佣制度。日本企业正在通过改革增加雇佣制度的柔软性和灵活性,但是终身雇佣这一适合日本社会的雇佣制度仍然具有强大生命力。     

农民工失业率与就业权益保障的关系探讨

2018年7月,国家统计局首次公布外来农民工前六个月的调查失业率在4.3%-5.0%之间,这是历史性的进步。选取失业统计的遗漏入手,论证农民工失业问题的切实存在,发现农民工低失业率背后是就业权益保障的缺失。为保障农民工就业权益,提出完善劳动力调查制度、农民工社会保障制度,深化户籍制度改革,大力扶持民营企业发展的政策建议。     

Redesigning Regulation of Pensions and Other Financial Products

We observe that financial regulation is ever-growing, with thelatest area to experience increased supervisory attention beingpensions. Yet this has not made the financial world or consumerssafer, and for pensions in particular there are unexpected andundesired consequences. We explore the current policy approachto supervision, which is ‘bottom up’, i.e. assessmentand regulation of individual institutions, with the aim ofmakingthe financial system safe by making each institution safe. Weshow that this is both damaging (because it stifles innovation)and does not work (because risk will always be squeezed fromthe regulated institutions to the less regulated and less seen).Instead, we advocate a ‘top-down’ approach, whichfocuses on making the system safe first. We conclude that onceyou have made systems safe, detailed supervision of individualinstitutions is less necessary, thus reducing the burden ofsupervision. We believe that this approach will lead to a moresuitable and diverse treatment of different risks that willincrease both systemic and consumer safety. ‘If you haveten thousand regulations you destroy all respect for the law’,Winston Churchill (1931). ‘The ultimate result of shieldingmen from the effects of folly is to fill the world with fools’,Herbert Spencer (1891). Footnotes ¹ E-mail addresses: n.barr{at}lse.ac.uk; john_nugee{at}ssga.com     

The Effect of Dismissals Protection on Employment: More on a Vexed Theme

This paper presents new results on the relationship between severance pay and labor market performance for a sample of 21 OECD countries, 1956-1984. Specifically, it evaluates Lazear's empirical argument that severance pay reduces employment and elevates joblessness. His findings are shown not to survive correction for errors in the data and the application of correct estimation procedures. Furthermore, adverse labor market consequences of severance pay are not detected in a dynamic characterization of the Lazear model. Limitations of the approach followed here are also addressed and contextualized.     

调整就业结构促进充分就业

本文分析了我国当前失业和就业形势，指出就业结构性矛盾是妨碍扩大就业的重要因素，阐述了调整就业结构、促进充分就业的必要性、紧迫性和主要对策。     

返乡农民工就业的制度设计与政策建议

农民工失业返乡源于体制转型时期劳动市场制度分割与就业供给刚性的双重约定。农村-外流.回疏-就地转移模式是较适合我国返乡农民工就业与农村劳动力转移模式。促进返乡农民工就业,应加强和改善对农民工的公共服务,建立健全农民工就业指导体系;加强返乡农民工就业培训和服务;发展县域经济扩大就地转移;促进返乡农民工创业;进一步完善制度建设;促进区域经济发展。     

安徽省劳动就业体制深化改革的理性思考

深化安徽省劳动就业体制改革已极为迫切,同时也具备了较为充实的现实条件。而在政府管理方面、劳动力市场建设方面和劳动者群体方面,都存在着深化就业体制改革的制约因素。深化劳动就业体制改革是一项系统工程,应努力增强就业体制的整体性与有序性,处理好就业体制的层次性与集     

城乡人口老龄化水平倒挂背景下农村养老保险制度的构建

我国城乡居民生育意愿的急剧下降及城乡间人口迁移等因素,造成了目前人口老龄化水平在城乡空间结构分布方面的非均衡性现状.这一现状已经对我国传统的农村家庭养老、土地养老等养老保障方式产生了十分不利的影响.应在"城乡统筹"思想主导下,通过"三阶段推进"战略,大力推进新型农村养老保险制度的构建,为农村居民提供制度化的养老保障.     

创新农民工流动就业模式的制度研究

农民工流动就业的主要特征是：低声望职业、低技术劳动、非正规和流动就业;其局限性表现在：对国民经济稳定协调发展、农业现代化进程、农村劳动力人力资本提高、土地规模经营产生影响。解决农民工流动就业的局限性问题。必须从户籍、就业、社会保障、土地改革方面进行制度创新。     

大学生就业市场的失衡与保障选择

在市场经济发展的历史上,就业市场供需失衡的事例并非罕见。而当今大学毕业生面临的就业市场风险是前所未有的。如果现有的社会保障制度能够承受大学毕业生供大于求的状况,亦即现有的社会保障制度能够使得失业的大学生不至于影响社会安定,则市场的调节作用将是有效的。而目前的失业救济和失业保险制度都可以暂时解决他们的就业危机,但两类保障模式存在着差异性。文章从当前就业市场失衡的现状入手,论证了将大学生纳入失业保险优于失业救济的保障选择。     

日本企业雇佣制度的新变化

自泡沫经济崩溃以来，日本经济长期陷入低迷，企业经营环境日趋严峻，失业问题已经对日本经济和社会构成严重威胁。对此，日本政、劳、使各方纷纷采取对策，力图在恢复日本企业活力的基础上，尽量减少失业人口压力，摆脱经济衰退的困扰。     

知识失业者的就业激励——保障体系探析

知识失业是指受过高等教育的劳动者处于不得其用的状态。近年来我国知识失业现象开始出现并引起广泛关注。文章从知识失业的概念出发,研究了知识失业对社会及个人的负效应;从政府、高校、家庭、个人几个方面入手,提出建立激励与保障相结合的就业保障体系。